Energy resource scheduling in a real distribution network managed by several virtual power players

Smart Grids (SGs) appeared as the new paradigm for power system management and operation, being designed to integrate large amounts of distributed energy resources. This new paradigm requires a more efficient Energy Resource Management (ERM) and, simultaneously, makes this a more complex problem, due to the intensive use of distributed energy resources (DER), such as distributed generation, active consumers with demand response contracts, and storage units. This paper presents a methodology to address the energy resource scheduling, considering an intensive use of distributed generation and demand response contracts. A case study of a 30 kV real distribution network, including a substation with 6 feeders and 937 buses, is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. This network is managed by six virtual power players (VPP) with capability to manage the DER and the distribution network.

Study of distribution network demand response events in the Portuguese system

In competitive electricity markets with deep concerns for the efficiency level, demand response programs gain considerable significance. As demand response levels have decreased after the introduction of competition in the power industry, new approaches are required to take full advantage of demand response opportunities. Grid operators and utilities are taking new initiatives, recognizing the value of demand response for grid reliability and for the enhancement of organized spot markets’ efficiency. This paper proposes a methodology for the selection of the consumers that participate in an event, which is the responsibility of the Portuguese transmission network operator. The proposed method is intended to be applied in the interruptibility service implemented in Portugal, in convergence with Spain, in the context of the Iberian electricity market. This method is based on the calculation of locational marginal prices (LMP) which are used to support the decision concerning the consumers to be schedule for participation. The proposed method has been computationally implemented and its application is illustrated in this paper using a 937 bus distribution network with more than 20,000 consumers.

Virtual power players dealing with excessive wind power situations using real time pricing

The increasing importance given by environmental policies to the dissemination and use of wind power has led to its fast and large integration in power systems. In most cases, this integration has been done in an intensive way, causing several impacts and challenges in current and future power systems operation and planning. One of these challenges is dealing with the system conditions in which the available wind power is higher than the system demand. This is one of the possible applications of demand response, which is a very promising resource in the context of competitive environments that integrates even more amounts of distributed energy resources, as well as new players. The methodology proposed aims the maximization of the social welfare in a smart grid operated by a virtual power player that manages the available energy resources. When facing excessive wind power generation availability, real time pricing is applied in order to induce the increase of consumption so that wind curtailment is minimized. The proposed method is especially useful when actual and day-ahead wind forecast differ significantly. The proposed method has been computationally implemented in GAMS optimization tool and its application is illustrated in this paper using a real 937-bus distribution network with 20310 consumers and 548 distributed generators, some of them with must take contracts.

As operações com terceiros no direito cooperativo português (comentário ao acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça de 18 de dezembro de 2007)

Partindo de um Ácrodão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça que decidiu sobre o destino dos benefícios resultantes nas operações com terceiros nas cooperativas...

Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Applied to Integrated Demand Response and DG Resources Scheduling

The elastic behavior of the demand consumption jointly used with other available resources such as distributed generation (DG) can play a crucial role for the success of smart grids. The intensive use of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and the technical and contractual constraints result in large-scale non linear optimization problems that require computational intelligence methods to be solved. This paper proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based methodology to support the minimization of the operation costs of a virtual power player that manages the resources in a distribution network and the network itself. Resources include the DER available in the considered time period and the energy that can be bought from external energy suppliers. Network constraints are considered. The proposed approach uses Gaussian mutation of the strategic parameters and contextual self-parameterization of the maximum and minimum particle velocities. The case study considers a real 937 bus distribution network, with 20310 consumers and 548 distributed generators. The obtained solutions are compared with a deterministic approach and with PSO without mutation and Evolutionary PSO, both using self-parameterization.

Maximizing the Social Welfare of Virtual Power Players Operation in Case of Excessive Wind Power

The integration of growing amounts of distributed generation in power systems, namely at distribution networks level, has been fostered by energy policies in several countries around the world, including in Europe. This intensive integration of distributed, non-dispatchable, and natural sources based generation (including wind power) has caused several changes in the operation and planning of power systems and of electricity markets. Sometimes the available non-dispatchable generation is higher than the demand. This generation must be used; otherwise it is wasted if not stored or used to supply additional demand. New policies and market rules, as well as new players, are needed in order to competitively integrate all the resources. The methodology proposed in this paper aims at the maximization of the social welfare in a distribution network operated by a virtual power player that aggregates and manages the available energy resources. When facing a situation of excessive non-dispatchable generation, including wind power, real time pricing is applied in order to induce the increase of consumption so that wind curtailment is minimized. This method is especially useful when actual and day-ahead resources forecast differ significantly. The distribution network characteristics and concerns are addressed by including the network constraints in the optimization model. The proposed methodology has been implemented in GAMS optimization tool and its application is illustrated in this paper using a real 937-bus distribution network with 20.310 consumers and 548 distributed generators, some of them non-dispatchable and with must take contracts. The implemented scenario corresponds to a real day in Portuguese power system.

Estimating the risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a comparison of several risk scores: the Cohorte Lausannoise study.

To compare in the Swiss population the results of several scores estimating the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This was a single-center, cross-sectional study conducted between 2003 and 2006 in Lausanne, Switzerland. Overall, 3,251 women and 2,937 men, aged 35-75 years, were assessed, of which 5,760 (93%) were free from diabetes and included in the current study. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes was assessed using seven different risk scores, including clinical data with or without biological data. Participants were considered to be eligible for primary prevention according to the thresholds provided for each score. The results were then extrapolated to the Swiss population of the same sex and age. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increased with age in all scores. The prevalence of participants at high risk ranged between 1.6 and 24.9% in men and between 1.1 and 15.7% in women. Extrapolated to the Swiss population of similar age, the overall number of participants at risk, and thus susceptible to intervention, ranged between 46,708 and 636,841. In addition, scores that included the same clinical variables led to a significantly different prevalence of participants at risk (4.2% [95% CI 3.4-5.0] vs. 12.8% [11.5-14.1] in men and 2.9% [2.4-3.6] vs. 6.0% [5.2-6.9] in women). CONCLUSIONS; The prevalence of participants at risk for developing type 2 diabetes varies considerably according to the scoring system used. To adequately prevent type 2 diabetes, risk-scoring systems must be validated for each population considered.

Nuevos registros para la ictiofauna marina del Perú

Han sido examinadas varias colecciones de peces obtenidas por el Instituto del Mar a lo largo de la costa peruana, durante 1964-1966. Como resultado del análisis de 1150 especimenes de peces capturados principalmente con los barcos comerciales "Bettina" y "Onda", se obtuvieron 21 órdenes, 74 familias, 121 géneros y 147 especies; de éstos representan nuevos registros para la ictiofauna marina del Perú: 9 familias (Myxinidae, Chimaeridae, Dussumieriidae, Argentinidae, Macrouridae, Centrolophidae, Oncocephalidae, Himantolophidae Y Ceratiidae), 24 géneros y 35 especies, los que son dados en una lista.

L'Écho de Paris

1886/10/05 (Numéro 937).

Caeremoniale ad usum papae et cardinalium.

Même type que le ms. Latin 936. F. Iv « Forma aperiendi os novo cardinali » (XVe s.). F. 1-12 Ordo à l'usage du pape et des cardinaux, rédigé par ordre de Grégoire X (XIVe s.). F. 13-106 Ordinarium (XIVe s.) ; — Table (13-15) ; — « Additio facta tempore domini Johannis pape XXII » (85v). F. 106-120 Feuillets ajoutés au XVe s. : « Quando papa audit missam in diebus festivis » (106) : — « De missis defunctorum que celebrantur coram papa » (108) ; — Canonisations (108v) ; — Élections de cardinaux (111) ; — Remise du pallium, serment d'évêque, réception du pape à l'entrée d'une ville (119).

Mélanges. — Extraits de cartulaires.

Contient : Extrait du testament d'Étienne, comte de Montbéliard ; Charte de Louis, comte de Ferrette, pour l'abbaye de Pairis ; Couronnement de Charles le Chauve à Metz (869), etc ; Donation faite par Louis de Luxembourg, comte de Saint-Pol, à Antoine Villiers de l'Isle-Adam ; Mandement de Louis XI à Jacques Villiers de l'Isle-Adam de prendre possession de la ville de Paris ; Extraits du cartulaire de Brioude ; Charte du vicomte Néel pour l'abbaye de Jumièges ; Historia Selebiensis, Eboracensis dioceseos (cf. Labbe, Bibl. Nova, I, p. 594) ; Extraits d'un obituaire de l'église du Mans ; Donation de Louis, duc de Bourbon, à la même église ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d'Angers ; Généalogie des fondateurs de l'abbaye de Jouarre, d'après un martyrologe ; Notice sur les origines de Ferrières en Gâtinais ; Liste des bulles pontificales de Fontevrault ; Chartes de Vernon ; Charte de Robert, duc de Normandie, pour le monastère de Montivilliers ; Extraits de l'obituaire d'Hérivaux ; Tableau des filiales de Clairvaux ; Extraits du cartulaire d'Auberive, au diocèse de Langres ; Extraits du cartulaire de Longuay ; Extraits du cartulaire de Montiérender ; Extraits du cartulaire de l'Isle-en-Barrois ; Extraits du cartulaire de Beaulieu en Limousin ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de l'évêché de Langres ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de l'église d'Angers ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de Royaumont ; Extraits d'un registre de Saint-Merri de Paris ; Chartes d'Angers ; Extraits de l'inventaire des titres de Notre-Dame-des-Clairets ; Accord entre Robert, comte de Dreux, et l'évêque de Paris (1209 ; — il y en a une autre copie au fol. 150) ; Extraits du cartulaire de la forêt de Halatte ; Chartes de Vierzon ; Extraits du cartulaire de Massay ; Généalogie des seigneurs de Vierzon ; Diplôme de Louis d'Outre-Mer pour Saint-Merri ; Extraits des cartulaires de l'évêché de Paris ; Chartes de Grammont ; Extraits du cartulaire de Maubuisson ; Extraits de l'obituaire de Sainte-Croix d'Orléans ; Extraits du cartulaire de la chapelle de Saint-Lazare de Blois ; Extraits du cartulaire de Notre-Dame du Bourg-Moyen de Blois. [Ms. Vatic. Ottoboni 2960] ; Extrait des titres de l'abbaye de l'Étoile (de Poitiers) ; Chartes de La Merci-Dieu ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Martin-des-Champs concernant les seigneurs du Puiset ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de Saint-Père de Chartres ; Extraits d'un martyrologe de l'église de Chartres ; Extraits des cartulaires de Saint-Père ; Lettre de Manassès, archevêque de Reims, à Hugues de Die ; Extrait d'un obituaire de Saint-Barthélemi de Béthune ; Charte de Baudouin V, comte de Flandre, pour l'abbaye de Marchiennes ; Échange entre l'abbaye de Saint-Vaast d'Arras et Robert, comte de Flandre ; Charte de Philippe I pour l'église Saint-Pierre d'Aire ; Charte de Hugues, châtelain de Cambrai, pour l'abbaye du Mont-Saint-Éloi ; Charte d'Enguerrand, comte de Saint-Pol, pour l'abbaye de Marchiennes ; Charte de Thierri, comte de Flandre, pour Enguerrand, comte de Saint-Pol ; Chartes d'Eaucourt en Artois ; Charte de Jean, êvêque de Thérouanne, pour l'église Saint-Pierre de Lille ; Note sur le mariage d'Isabeau de Barbazan ; Inventaire de reliques, extrait d'un processionnaire de l'église de Soissons ; Extrait d'un cartulaire du prieuré de Donchery ; Catalogue des abbés de Montiéramey ; Catalogue des abbesses de Notre-Dame-du-Lys ; Charte de Brunon, abbé de Montiéramey ; Extraits du cartulaire d'Uzerche ; Extraits de chartes de la Couture du Mans ; Extraits du cartulaire de Bonlieu en Limousin ; Notes sur la maison de Mercoeur ; Extraits d'un martyrologe de Saint-Séverin de Paris ; Extraits du cartulaire de Vendôme ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Pierre de Beauvais ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Rémi de Reims ; Catalogue des abbés de la Chaise-Dieu ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan ; Extraits de la chronique de Saint-Mihiel de Verdun ; Serment prêté par l'hérésiarque Bérenger ; Extraits d'obituaires du Mont-Saint-Michel ; Extraits des titres de Saint-Ulface ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans ; Extraits du cartulaire de Nogent-le-Rotrou ; Extrait du cartulaire de Pont-aux-Dames (de Meaux) ; Chartes du prieuré de Lavardin ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de Saint-Vincent de Laon ; Extraits du cartulaire rouge de l'église de Laon ; Chartes de Saint-Quentin près Beauvais ; Extraits du cartulaire de Vierzon ; Extraits du cartulaire de Beaulieu ; Notes sur les chartes de Subiaco ; Extraits du cartulaire de Saint-Thierry de Reims ; Extraits d'un martyrologe de Saint-Avold ; Chartes de Saint-Martin d'Épernay ; Chartes de Saint-Vincent-au-Bois ; Extraits du cartulaire de Tiron ; Extraits des archives de Saint-Bavon de Gand ; Extraits du cartulaire de Marchiennes ; Extraits des archives de Saint-Pierre de Gand ; Charte de Robert, comte de Flandre, pour l'église de Tronchiennes ; Charte de Baudouin, comte de Flandre, pour l'abbaye d'Einham ; Extraits des archives de l'évêché de Gand ; Extraits de cartulaires de Saint-Bavon ; Extraits des cartulaires et registres de Fontevrault ; Extraits des titres de Beaugerais ; Chartes de Villeloin ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de l'église d'Amiens ; Extraits du cartulaire de Clairmarais ; Titres de Saint-Bertin ; Charte de Baudouin, comte de Flandre, pour l'abbaye de Marchiennes