Distinct lake level lowstand in Lake Prespa (SE Europe) at the time of the 74 (75) ka Toba eruption

Abstract. The 74 (75) ka Toba eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia, is considered to be one of the largest volcanic events during the Quaternary. Tephra from the Toba eruption has been found in many terrestrial and marine sedimentary deposits, and acidity peaks related to the eruption have been used to synchronize ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica. Seismic profiles and sedimentological data from Lake Prespa on the Balkan Peninsula, SE Europe, indicate a lake level lowstand at 73.6±7.7 ka based on ESR dating of shells. Tephrostratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and tuning of the total organic carbon content with the NGRIP isotope record, corroborate that the lake level lowstand was a short-term event superimposed on the general cooling trend at the end of MIS 5, most likely at the onset of the Greenland Stadial GS- 20. Acknowledging that tectonic events or karst processes could have triggered this lake level lowstand, the chronological correspondence between the lowstand and the Toba eruption is intriguing. Therefore a Toba-driven short-term shift to aridity in the Balkan region, leading to lake level changes and triggering spatial expansion events in one of the lake’s most abundant benthic species, the carino mussel Dreissena presbensis, cannot be excluded.

Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP)

The Toba eruption that occurred some 74 ka ago in Sumatra, Indonesia, is among the largest volcanic events on Earth over the last 2 million years. Tephra from this eruption has been spread over vast areas in Asia, where it constitutes a major time marker close to the Marine Isotope Stage 4/5 boundary. As yet, no tephra associated with Toba has been identified in Greenland or Antarctic ice cores. Based on new accurate dating of Toba tephra and on accurately dated European stalagmites, the Toba event is known to occur between the onsets of Greenland interstadials (GI) 19 and 20. Furthermore, the existing linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores by gas records and by the bipolar seesaw hypothesis suggests that the Antarctic counterpart is situated between Antarctic Isotope Maxima (AIM) 19 and 20. In this work we suggest a direct synchronization of Greenland (NGRIP) and Antarctic (EDML) ice cores at the Toba eruption based on matching of a pattern of bipolar volcanic spikes. Annual layer counting between volcanic spikes in both cores allows for a unique match. We first demonstrate this bipolar matching technique at the already synchronized Laschamp geomagnetic excursion (41 ka BP) before we apply it to the suggested Toba interval. The Toba synchronization pattern covers some 2000 yr in GI-20 and AIM-19/20 and includes nine acidity peaks that are recognized in both ice cores. The suggested bipolar Toba synchronization has decadal precision. It thus allows a determination of the exact phasing of inter-hemispheric climate in a time interval of poorly constrained ice core records, and it allows for a discussion of the climatic impact of the Toba eruption in a global perspective. The bipolar linking gives no support for a long-term global cooling caused by the Toba eruption as Antarctica experiences a major warming shortly after the event. Furthermore, our bipolar match provides a way to place palaeo-environmental records other than ice cores into a precise climatic context.

Sonate pour le piano-forte avec accompagnement de flûte ou violon obligé op. 74

composé par M. Henkel

Ms. hebr. oct. 74 - [Sammelband in 4 Teilen: Handschriftenkonvolut]

Vorbesitzer: Abraham Merzbacher

Ms. Barth. 74 - Postilla in evangelium Lucae, C.X-XXIV

Vorbesitzer: Bartholomaeusstift Frankfurt am Main

Petition des Friedrich-Wilhelmsstädtischen Bezirks-Vereins (Stadtbezirke 74. a. b.c.) an die Hohe Versammlung der Volksvertreter: Schon von mehreren Seiten sind die Vertreter des Volks an ihre Schuld gegen die Kämpfer der Märztage gemahnt worden ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Petition an die Preußische Nationalversammlung, den Kämpfern des 18. und 19. März 1848 den Dank des preußischen Volkes auszusprechen, für die Invaliden und Hinterbliebenen jener Tage zu sorgen, den Gefallenen ein Denkmal zu errichten und die fraglichen Tage zu politischen Feiertagen zu erklären

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 74 - Bericht über den Aufenthalt auf der Insel Pelew

Abschrift liegt vor;

Ms. Praed. 74 - Sermones et tractatus de beata Maria virgine

Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Ms.Ff.F.Stoltze 3. 74 - Brief von Alexander Giesen von Frankfurter Journalisten- und Schriftsteller-Verein an Lydia Lerner-Stoltze

Stoltze-Gedenkfeier

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 74 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Käte von Hirsch (p. II 8, 232-369)

1 Brief von F. Pollock an Frederick J. Hacker, 1945; 1 Brief von Frederick J. Hacker an Max Horkheimer, sowie 2 Memoranden von Max Horkheimer; 5 Briefe zwischen Willy Hartner und Max Horkheimer, 1948; 3 Briefe und eine Drucksache von Fred Herzberg an Max Horkheimer, 1947; 1 Brief und 3 Memoranden von Max Horkheimer an Fred Herzberg, 1947; 2 Briefe von Heinz Herald an Max Horkheimer, 1946 sowie 1 Gutachten und Beilage von Max Horkheimer an Heinz Herald, 1946; 2 Briefe zwischen Josef Haurand und Max Horkheimer, 1949, 1950; 3 Briefe und Beilage zwischen Herta Herzog und Max Horkheimer, 1949; 23 Briefe zwischen dem Hessischen Staatsministerium für Kultus und Unterricht und Max Horkheimer, 1948-1949 siehe auch Hessischer Minister für Erziehung und Volkdsbildung; 2 Briefe von Eduard Heumann an Max Horkheimer, 1948-1949; 1 Brief und Beilage von George J. Hexter an A. Lourie; 35 Briefe zwischen Käte von Hirsch und Max Horkheimer, 1941-1948;

Ms. lat. qu. 74 - Moralia in Job XXXI 45

Vorbesitzer: Bartholomaeusstift Frankfurt am Main

Ms. lat. oct. 74 - Physiologia Aristotelis Stagiritae

Vorbesitzer: Peter Schick

{[N.N.], Szenenfoto, Doppelbildnis, in: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Stella, Darmstadt: Staatstheater, 1973/74, Inszenierung: Luc Bondy, Bühnenbild: Erich Wonder

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11347

{[N.N.], Szenenfoto, Gruppenbildnis, in: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Stella, Darmstadt: Staatstheater, 1973/74, Inszenierung: Luc Bondy, Bühnenbild: Erich Wonder

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11348

Rb, Sr, Sm and Nd concentrations and isotopic composition of basalts from DSDP Leg 74 (Table 1)

Basement intersected in DSDP holes 525A, 528 and 527 on the Walvis Ridge consists of submarine basalt flows and pillows with minor intercalated sediments. These holes are situated on the crest and mid and lower northwest flank of a NNW-SSE-trending ridge block which would have closely paralleled the paleo mid-ocean ridge (Rabinowitz and LaBrecque, 1979 doi:10.1029/JB084iB11p05973, Moore et al. (1983 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<907:TWRTDS>2.0.CO;2). The basalts were erupted approximately 70 m.y. ago, an age equivalent to that of immediately adjacent oceanic crust in the Angola Basin and coraistent with formation at the paleo mid-ocean ridge (Moore et al., 1983). The basalt types vary from aphyric quartz tholeiites on the ridge crest to highly plagioclase phyric olivine tholeiites on the ridge flank. These show systematic differences in incompatible trace element and isotopic composition. Many element and isotope ratio pairs form systematic trends with the ridge crest basalts at one end and the highly phyric ridge flank basalts at the other. The low 143Nd/144Nd (0.51238), 206Pb/204Pb (17.54), 207Pb/204Pb (15.47), 208Pb/204Pb (38.14) and high 87Sr/86Sr (0.70512) ratios of the ridge crest basalts suggest derivation from an old Nd/Sm-, Rb/Sr- and Pb/U-enriched mantle source. This isotopic signature is similar to that of alkaline basalts on Tristan da Cunha but offset to significantly lower Nd and Pb isotopic ratios. The isotopic ratio trends may be extrapolated beyond the ridge flank basalts with higher 143Nd/144Nd (0.51270), 206Pb/204Pb (18.32), 207Pb/204Pb (15.52), 208Pb/204Pb (38.77) and lower 87Sr/86Sr (0.70417) ratios in the direction of increasingly Nd/Sm-, Rb/Sr- and Pb/U-depleted source compositions. These isotopic correlations are equally consistent with mixing of depleted and enriched end member melts or partial melting of an inhomogeneous, variably enriched mantle source. However, observed Zr-Ba-Nb-Y interelement relationships are inconsistent with any simple two-component model of magma mixing, as might result from the rise of a lower mantle plume through the upper mantle. Incompatible element and Pb isotopic systematics also preclude extensive involvement of depleted (N-type) MORB material or its mantle sources. In our preferred petrogenetic model the Walvis Ridge basalts were derived by partial melting of mantle similar to an enriched (E-type) MORB source which had become heterogeneous on a small scale due to the introduction of small-volume melts and metasomatic fluids.