THE THERMODYNAMICS OF MICELLIZATION BY BLOCK COPOLYMER SEP IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

The thermodynamics of micellization for polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene/propylene) two-Mock copolymer(SEP) in the mixtures of n-octane and benzene with different proportions have been studied in this paper, The critical micelle concentrations(GMC) of micelle solutions at various temperatures were measured by lost angle laser light scattering photometer(LALLS), The results shove that the micellization process of nonpolar copolymer SEP in hydrocarbon solvents ire exothermal, and the entropy change is negative, In contrast, far ordinary surfactants in water, it is the enthalpy contribution to the energy change which is responsible for micellization.

PVA/PVP共混物的SAXS研究

聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚吡咯烷酮(PVP)共混物的小角X-射线散射(SAXS)研究表明,PVA/PVP共混物的结构参数与共混物组分比及热历史密切相关。按Vonk一维电子密度相关函数法,得到PVA/PVP共混物的长周期,过渡层厚随PVP组分含量增加而增加;结晶片层厚和比内表面积却随PVP含量增加而降低。热处理可提高共混物的结晶性。

SEP嵌段共聚物胶束化过程的热力学

本文对苯乙烯/氢化异戊二烯(简称SEP)二嵌段共聚物在混合溶剂正辛烷-苯中的胶束化过程作了深入研究,建立了用小角激光光散射法测定共聚物在有机溶剂中的临界胶束浓度(CMC)的方法.研究结果表明,嵌段共聚物在有机溶剂中的胶束化过程与小分子的表面活性剂在水中的胶束化过程有着明显的不同,前者是熵减和放热过程。

Li在液态Al中扩散系数的测定研究

首次尝试利用开路电位-浓度曲线法测定合金的浓度,并用阳极计时电位法快速测定Li在液态Al中的扩散系数,720℃下Li在液态Al中的扩散系数D_(Li/Al)=4.94×10~(-5)cm~2·s~(-1),与根据Stokes-Einstein方程计算得到的理论值D_(Li/Al)=4.85×10~(-5)cm~2·s~(-1)相吻合。

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF LANTHANUM AND SUM OF OTHER LIGHT RARE-EARTHS BY FLEXIBLE TOLERANCE SIMPLEX-METHOD

The absorptivities of color elements in a mixture can be obtained by using Gauas' elimination with selection of principal element in matrix to the standards. These values can be applied to flexible tolerance simplex method to give the composition of samples. In the exprimental design and data treatment, an effort was made to minimize the errors of results according the principal of optimization. When the difference of absorptivities of color material is significant to the exprimental error, the pr...

可变误差多面体法同时测定镧及其它轻稀土合量

电子计算机应用于分光光度法为同时分析相互干扰的多组分体系开辟了一个新的研究领域。文献报道的线性规划、因素轮换优选、因子分析、正交分解及可变误差多面体法已显示了计算分光光度法的优越性。在所报道的工作中,测定某单组分的吸光常数时,大都没有其它组分共存,依据α=A/bc来计算其吸光常数。但结果产生较大的误差。本文以化学性质极其相似的La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm为分析对象,采用五个已知组成的标样,通过全选主元的Gauss消去法求得单组分的吸光常数。据此再用可变误差多面体法求解样品中各组分的浓度。实践证明,此法不仅减小了实验误差和手工计算时间,而且考虑了组分间的相互作用,所以获得比较准确的结果。可变误差多面体法也是解决这类问题更为合适的方法。

Population genetic structure of crimson snapper Lutjanus erythropterus in East Asia, revealed by analysis of the mitochondrial control region

The population genetic structure of the crimson snapper Lutjanus erythropterus in East Asia was examined with a 427-bp hypervariable portion of the mtDNA control region. A total of 262 samples were collected and 75 haplotypes were obtained. Neutrality tests (Tajima's and Fu's) suggested that Lutjanus erythropterus in East Asia had experienced a bottleneck followed by population expansion since the late Pleistocene. Despite the low phylogeographic structures in mtDNA haplotypes, a hierarchical examination of populations in 11 localities from four geographical regions using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions (Phi(CT) = 0.08564, p < 0.01). Limited gene flow between the eastern region (including a locality in the western Pacific Ocean and two localities in the East Sea) and three geographic regions of the South China Sea largely contributed to the genetic subdivision. However, comparisons among three geographic regions of the South China Sea showed little to no genetic difference. Populations of Lutjanus erythropterus in East Asia are inferred to be divided into two major groups: an eastern group, including populations of the western Pacific Ocean and the East Sea, and a South China Sea group, consisting of populations from northern Malaysia to South China. The results suggest that fishery management should reflect the genetic differentiation and diversity in East Asia. (c) 2006 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Numerical Simulation of Waves Generated by Seafloor Movements

Waves generated by vertical seafloor movements are simulated by use of a fully nonlinear two-dimensional numerical wave tank. In the source region, the seafloor lifts to a designated height by a generation function. The numerical tests show that file linear theory is only valid for estimating the wave behaviors induced by the seafloor movements with a small amplitude, and the fully nonlinear numerical model should be adopted in the simulation of the wave generation by the large amplitude seafloor movements. Without the background surface waves, many numerical tests on the stable maximum elevations eta(max)(0) are carried out by both the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model. The results of two models are compared and analyzed. For the fully nonlinear model, the influences of the amplitudes and the horizontal lengths on eta(max)(0) are stronger than that of the characteristic duration times. Furthermore, results reveal that there are significant differences between the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model. When the influences of the background surface waves are considered, the corresponding numerical analyses reveal that with the fully nonlinear model the eta(max)(0) near-linearly varies with the wave amplitudes of the surface waves, and the eta(max)(0) has significant dependences on the wave lengths and the wave phases of the surface waves. In addition, the differences between the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model are still obvious, aid these differences are significantly affected by The wave parameters of the background surface waves, such as the wave amplitude, the wave length and the wave phase.

焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯20-meso-1-位的亲电取代反应

利用焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯与亲电试剂发生的取代反应，在焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的20-meso-位上分别引进硝基和卤原子，得到了20-meso位取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸衍生物．所合成的新叶绿素-a衍生物均经UV，IR，~1H NMR及元素分析证明其结构．另外，对叶绿素-a卟吩环上的芳香性和相应的化学反应活性也进行了讨论，提出了可能的亲电取代反应机理．

青海湖地区芨芨草草地土壤种子库的初步研究

选择青海湖地区的次生芨芨草草地为研究对象,以围栏内封育和围栏外自由放牧的草地做对照,研究了围栏内外土壤种子库的萌发状况、密度和数量、物种多样性,以及土壤种子库与地上植被的关系。结果表明,围栏内外土壤种子库的萌发趋势非常相似,但是萌发种子累计数量不同;围栏内外土壤种子库中萌发种子的平均密度分别为3660和2460粒·m-2,围栏内萌发种子数比围栏外提高了48.8%;围栏内外土壤种子库的物种多样性指数差异较大,围栏内外丰富度指数R1分别为17和13,R2为3.693和2.832,丰富度围栏内大于围栏外,多样性指数和丰富度指数具有相同的规律,均匀度指数围栏内外分别为0.812和0.857,则是围栏外大于围栏内。围栏内外地上植被群落组成存在显著差异,围栏内的封育草地的物种丰富度和多样性指数均大于围栏外的放牧草地,而均匀度指数则呈相反趋势。

A new species of the genus Rhopalotettix Hancock (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea, Metrodoridae) from Taiwan (in English)

This paper describes a new species of Metrodoridae, Rhopalotettix taipeieiisis sp. nov. , collected from (lie (arm of Taiwan University in Taipei, Taiwan, and provides a key to the 6 species of the genus Rhopnloteltix Hancock, 1910. Type specimens are deposited in the Department ol Entomology, Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

基于QNX的小型无人直升机控制系统

论文设计研制了小型直升机试验平台，以此平台为基础可以针对直升机进行非线性控制研究.针对小型无人直升机控制的实际要求，设计了小型无人直升机控制系统，基于实时操作系统QNX设计了飞行控制系统软件.飞行控制系统软件包括传感器数据采集，控制算法，与地面控制站的通讯等部分.应用该飞行控制系统设计了PID算法并进行航向控制飞行实验，并且通过采集的数据建立了小型无人直升机航向动力学模型.实验表明飞行控制系统可以稳健工作。

龙感湖沉积物碳、氮同位素记录的环境演化

通过对龙感湖沉积物样品中δ13 Corg、δ15N、有机碳与总氮比值(C /N) 、总有机碳(TOC)和总氮( TN)含量的测定,分析了自1948年以来龙感湖沉积物有机质的来源,探讨了湖泊生产力变化以及随后的沉积演化过程。结果表明:在这个沉积历史阶段中,湖泊沉积物有机质以自生有机物源为主,大型水草发育,伴有低等藻类参与,湖泊沉积物受陆源输入影响较小,基本不受城市污染物的输入影响,但受流域农业化肥大量使用的影响较大;随着营养物质的输入,湖泊的初级生产力逐渐增大,藻类开始发育;在沉积历史上L2 点附近低等藻类相对发育早,但L1 点沉积物相对能够固定更多的营养盐。

吉林庥安铅锌矿地球化学与分散元素

吉林集安铅锌矿床是我国最早报道的少数几个典型低温铅锌矿床之一。矿化具有多期次特点，富矿体都是多期次矿化叠加的产物。根据矿化先后和矿物生成顺序将矿化分为五个阶段；①石英－黄铁矿矿化阶段；②重晶石－闪锌矿矿化阶段；③石英－方铅矿矿化阶段；④石英－黄铁矿矿化阶段；⑤碳酸盐－氧化矿物矿化阶段。用均一法和爆裂法测得石英、重晶石、闪锌矿包裹体成矿温度变化在110℃-197℃之间，矿床中除含铅锌矿外，还有微量的Pt和Pd，并普遍含分散元素Cd,Gs,Tl,In,Se,Ge,Te，其中以Cd含量最高，闪锌矿中Cd含量最高可达7155×10^-6。分散元素主要呈象形式赋存在各种矿物之中，未发现独立矿物。通过矿床地质和硫铅同位素研究表明该铅锌矿床属低温沉积－改造型层控矿床。