整合素-ICAM-1相互作用的二维反应动力学研究

<正>_2整合素(LFA-1和Mac-1)与其配体细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)的相互作用在诸如肿瘤转移、炎症反应等许多病理生理过程中起着重要的作用。研究表明,中性粒细胞(PMN)在特定环境下可通过_2整合素与ICAM-1的相互作用而增强黑色素瘤细胞的转移能力,但是其动力学调控机制还不清楚。受体-配体键结合和解离的二维反应动力学定量描述了分子结合的快慢和强弱,是回答_2整合素与ICAM-1相互作用如何调

The effects of the annealing time on helium implantation in Si

The modifications induced in silicon samples by helium implantation before and after isothermal annealing at 673 K have been investigated. The surface morphology has been detected by atomic force microscopy. A hillock structure is observed on the sample surface before and after annealing for 5-10 min. Surface blister formation is observed with an increasing annealing time. The variation of crystal damage with annealing time has been investigated by Rutherford backscattering/channeling. The intensity of the damage peak first increases with annealing time, reaches maximum at an annealing time of 60 min and then decreases. Helium-induced bubbles and residual defects have been observed by transmission electron microscopy, which shows that dislocations are close to the bubbles. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

导致燃煤型氟中毒流行的主要地球化学过程

室内燃煤型氟中毒是我国至今尚未有效控制的地方性疾病。到2000年，以县为单位统计．病区人口为9122．29万人．以村为单位统计则病区人口为3390．11万人。已查明氟斑牙患者高达1769．5万人，氟骨症患者146.5万人。在此类氟中毒最为严重的贵州省，以村为单位统计．病区人口为l448．9万人．查明氟斑牙患者991．0万人．占全国此类氟中毒患者人数的56．0％，占同期贵州省人口的28．11％。

云南中甸普朗斑岩铜矿矿床地球化学

中甸格咱地区是在晚三叠世甘孜-理塘洋盆向西俯冲过程中所形成的中甸弧的主弧带，区内岛弧火山活动和岩浆侵入活动均非常强烈，广泛分布有印支期斑岩体，同时发育有众多的与其有关的斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿床或矿点。普朗斑岩铜矿就是近年来在该区发现的一个大型乃至超大型矿床，目前已圈定5个矿化体，7个工业矿体，其中，主矿体探明铜资源量436.5万吨。 本论文主要从区域地质背景、矿床地质特征、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学、流体包裹体地球化学、矿床年代学及成矿机理等角度对普朗斑岩铜矿进行了较为系统的研究，主要获得如下认识： 普朗复式岩体具明显的多次脉动侵入特征，可分为三期：第一期为大面积分布的石英闪长玢岩（部分为二长闪长玢岩），第二期为岩体中心的石英二长斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩，第三期为岩脉状闪长玢岩。岩体具有典型的斑岩铜矿蚀变分带特征，由内向外依次为强硅化带（局部）→钾化硅化带→绢英岩化带→青磐岩化带。 矿化石英二长斑岩的锆石离子探针U-Pb年龄约为226～228Ma；钾化硅化带中黑云母的40Ar-39Ar坪年龄约为210～216Ma；含矿石英脉中辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄约为214Ma。 普朗岩体总体显示I型花岗岩类特征，属典型的钙碱性系列岩石。锶、钕、铅同位素特征显示其岩浆源区具有幔源物质（占主要地位）与壳源物质较为均匀混合的特征。金属硫化物的硫、铅同位素特征显示成矿元素与岩体具有密切的亲缘关系。脉石矿物的氢、氧、碳同位素特征和流体包裹体特征显示成矿流体自钾化阶段至网脉状矿化阶段均具岩浆流体特征。 根据不同期次的含矿石英脉中的流体包裹体特征，主要发现有四种流体：高盐度岩浆流体（盐度：34～54wt%NaCl）、含CO2低盐度流体（盐度：2.7～6.4wt%NaCl，XCO2：0.04～0.25）、中等盐度流体（盐度：19～25wt%NaCl）以及低盐度水溶液（盐度：＜10wt%NaCl）。这些流体可能主要是原始岩浆流体演化至不同阶段的产物。 原始岩浆流体可能有两种来源：其一是斑岩侵入过程中自身分异的流体，其二是岩浆房中分异的流体。其中，岩浆房来源的岩浆流体对普朗岩体的蚀变及矿化作用起到了主导性作用。主成矿期金属硫化物的沉淀主要与流体系统开放后因其物理化学条件的变化而产生的流体相分离作用及流体对围岩的蚀变作用有关。

Age- and activity-related differences in the abundance of Myosin essential and regulatory light chains in human muscle

Traditional methods for phenotyping skeletal muscle (e.g., immunohistochemistry) are labor-intensive and ill-suited to multixplex analysis, i.e., assays must be performed in a series. Addressing these concerns represents a largely unmet research need but more comprehensive parallel analysis of myofibrillar proteins could advance knowledge regarding age- and activity-dependent changes in human muscle. We report a label-free, semi-automated and time efficient LC-MS proteomic workflow for phenotyping the myofibrillar proteome. Application of this workflow in old and young as well as trained and untrained human skeletal muscle yielded several novel observations that were subsequently verified by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).We report novel data demonstrating that human ageing is associated with lesser myosin light chain 1 content and greater myosin light chain 3 content, consistent with an age-related reduction in type II muscle fibers. We also disambiguate conflicting data regarding myosin regulatory light chain, revealing that age-related changes in this protein more closely reflect physical activity status than ageing per se. This finding reinforces the need to control for physical activity levels when investigating the natural process of ageing. Taken together, our data confirm and extend knowledge regarding age- and activity-related phenotypes. In addition, the MRM transitions described here provide a methodological platform that can be fine-tuned to suite multiple research needs and thus advance myofibrillar phenotyping.

Calibrating single-ended fiber-optic Raman spectra distributed temperature sensing data.

Hydrologic research is a very demanding application of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in terms of precision, accuracy and calibration. The physics behind the most frequently used DTS instruments are considered as they apply to four calibration methods for single-ended DTS installations. The new methods presented are more accurate than the instrument-calibrated data, achieving accuracies on the order of tenths of a degree root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias. Effects of localized non-uniformities that violate the assumptions of single-ended calibration data are explored and quantified. Experimental design considerations such as selection of integration times or selection of the length of the reference sections are discussed, and the impacts of these considerations on calibrated temperatures are explored in two case studies.

The past, present, and future of human centromere genomics.

The centromere is the chromosomal locus essential for chromosome inheritance and genome stability. Human centromeres are located at repetitive alpha satellite DNA arrays that compose approximately 5% of the genome. Contiguous alpha satellite DNA sequence is absent from the assembled reference genome, limiting current understanding of centromere organization and function. Here, we review the progress in centromere genomics spanning the discovery of the sequence to its molecular characterization and the work done during the Human Genome Project era to elucidate alpha satellite structure and sequence variation. We discuss exciting recent advances in alpha satellite sequence assembly that have provided important insight into the abundance and complex organization of this sequence on human chromosomes. In light of these new findings, we offer perspectives for future studies of human centromere assembly and function.

A range-wide experiment to investigate nutrient and soil moisture interactions in loblolly pine plantations

© 2015 by the authors.The future climate of the southeastern USA is predicted to be warmer, drier and more variable in rainfall, which may increase drought frequency and intensity. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) is the most important commercial tree species in the world and is planted on ~11 million ha within its native range in the southeastern USA. A regional study was installed to evaluate effects of decreased rainfall and nutrient additions on loblolly pine plantation productivity and physiology. Four locations were established to capture the range-wide variability of soil and climate. Treatments were initiated in 2012 and consisted of a factorial combination of throughfall reduction (approximate 30% reduction) and fertilization (complete suite of nutrients). Tree and stand growth were measured at each site. Results after two growing seasons indicate a positive but variable response of fertilization on stand volume increment at all four sites and a negative effect of throughfall reduction at two sites. Data will be used to produce robust process model parameterizations useful for simulating loblolly pine growth and function under future, novel climate and management scenarios. The resulting improved models will provide support for developing management strategies to increase pine plantation productivity and carbon sequestration under a changing climate.

Heat-labile enterotoxin: beyond G(m1) binding.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One major virulence factor released by ETEC is the heat-labile enterotoxin LT, which is structurally and functionally similar to cholera toxin. LT consists of five B subunits carrying a single catalytically active A subunit. LTB binds the monosialoganglioside G(M1), the toxin's host receptor, but interactions with A-type blood sugars and E. coli lipopolysaccharide have also been identified within the past decade. Here, we review the regulation, assembly, and binding properties of the LT B-subunit pentamer and discuss the possible roles of its numerous molecular interactions.

A population model of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Previous mathematical models for hepatic and tissue one-carbon metabolism have been combined and extended to include a blood plasma compartment. We use this model to study how the concentrations of metabolites that can be measured in the plasma are related to their respective intracellular concentrations. METHODS: The model consists of a set of ordinary differential equations, one for each metabolite in each compartment, and kinetic equations for metabolism and for transport between compartments. The model was validated by comparison to a variety of experimental data such as the methionine load test and variation in folate intake. We further extended this model by introducing random and systematic variation in enzyme activity. OUTCOMES AND CONCLUSIONS: A database of 10,000 virtual individuals was generated, each with a quantitatively different one-carbon metabolism. Our population has distributions of folate and homocysteine in the plasma and tissues that are similar to those found in the NHANES data. The model reproduces many other sets of clinical data. We show that tissue and plasma folate is highly correlated, but liver and plasma folate much less so. Oxidative stress increases the plasma S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM/SAH) ratio. We show that many relationships among variables are nonlinear and in many cases we provide explanations. Sampling of subpopulations produces dramatically different apparent associations among variables. The model can be used to simulate populations with polymorphisms in genes for folate metabolism and variations in dietary input.

Time-Resolved Synchronous Fluorescence for Biomedical Diagnosis.

This article presents our most recent advances in synchronous fluorescence (SF) methodology for biomedical diagnostics. The SF method is characterized by simultaneously scanning both the excitation and emission wavelengths while keeping a constant wavelength interval between them. Compared to conventional fluorescence spectroscopy, the SF method simplifies the emission spectrum while enabling greater selectivity, and has been successfully used to detect subtle differences in the fluorescence emission signatures of biochemical species in cells and tissues. The SF method can be used in imaging to analyze dysplastic cells in vitro and tissue in vivo. Based on the SF method, here we demonstrate the feasibility of a time-resolved synchronous fluorescence (TRSF) method, which incorporates the intrinsic fluorescent decay characteristics of the fluorophores. Our prototype TRSF system has clearly shown its advantage in spectro-temporal separation of the fluorophores that were otherwise difficult to spectrally separate in SF spectroscopy. We envision that our previously-tested SF imaging and the newly-developed TRSF methods will combine their proven diagnostic potentials in cancer diagnosis to further improve the efficacy of SF-based biomedical diagnostics.

Effect of Grazing-Mediated Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS) Production on the Swimming Behavior of the Copepod Calanus helgolandicus

Chemical interactions play a fundamental role in the ecology of marine foodwebs. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a ubiquitous marine trace gas that acts as a bioactive compound by eliciting foraging behavior in a range of marine taxa including the copepod Temora longicornis. Production of DMS can rapidly increase following microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. Here, we investigated whether grazing-induced DMS elicits an increase in foraging behavior in the copepod Calanus helgolandicus. We developed a semi-automated method to quantify the effect of grazing-mediated DMS on the proportion of the time budget tethered females allocate towards slow swimming, typically associated with feeding. The pooled data showed no differences in the proportion of the 25 min time budget allocated towards slow swimming between high (23.6 +/- 9.74%) and low (29.1 +/- 18.33%) DMS treatments. However, there was a high degree of variability between behavioral responses of individual copepods. We discuss the need for more detailed species-specific studies of individual level responses of copepods to chemical signals at different spatial scales to improve our understanding of chemical interactions between copepods and their prey.