A decline in fish catches and the size of Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Wamala (Uganda) following human exploitation

The fishery of Lake Wamala has declined since the lake was stocked in 1956 and opened to fishing during the 1960s. Surveys were conducted on the lake during 1975/78 and 1988/92 to investigate the causes of declining fish catches. The lake produced an average of 4000 - 6000 tonnes of fish annually from 1960s through 1970s. Total fish catches decreased from a maximum of 7100 tonnes in 1967 to less than 500 tonnes by 1990s. Catch rates decreased from about 8 kg in the 1960s to less than 1 kg per net per night by 1975. During the 1970s the catch was dominated by Oreochromis niloticus (67%) followed by Clarias gariepinus (17%), and Protopterus aethiopicus (15.1 %). By 1990s the proportion of O. niloticus had decreased to 45.1% while that of P. aethiopicus had increased to 37.6%. These changes seem to have been caused by overfishing resulting from increased fishing effort from the recommended 250 to about 1000 boats and the additional increase in effort through driving fish into the nets by beating water. The maximum size of O. niloticus in the fishery decreased from 32 cm total length in 1975/78 to 22 cm in 1988/92 while the size at first maturity decreased from about 21 cm to 14 cm during the period. This has been concurrent with a shift in the mesh size of gillnet used from 127 mm (5") in 1960s to 64 mm by 1990s. Environmental changes, especially in lake level in 1980, may also have affected the fishery.

武汉东湖铜锈环棱螺的种群动态及次级生产力

1999年6月至2000年5月对武汉东湖铜锈环棱螺的种群生态学进行了周年研究.铜锈环棱螺年均密度和生物量分别为92.2ind./m2和142.83g/m2,密度和生物量的高峰分别出现在6月(157ind./m2)和11月(205.78g/m2);东湖铜锈环棱螺为一年一代,其一年中种群含有5个年龄组,其中1998年龄组占绝对优势.利用瞬时增长率法计算东湖铜锈环棱螺的周年生产量带壳湿重为91.56g/m2,去壳干重为5.32g/m2,P/B系数为0.64.同时研究了铜锈环棱螺的生产力动态变化,其生产量累积多数

白鱀豚人工饲养21年

<正> 世界鲸类动物的人工饲养已经有100多年的历史,鲸类动物的人工饲养不但为人们提供了一种非常有趣的娱乐项目,而且为深入研究、繁殖和保护鲸类动物提供了很好的条件。我国鲸类动物的人工饲养于1965年由青岛海产博物馆从饲养江豚开始

Sedimentation rates, nitrogen and phosphorus retentions in the largest urban Lake Donghu, China

Sediment core samples were collected in the largest urban Lake Donghu (Stations I and II) in China, and the activities of Pb-210, Ra-226 and Cs-137 were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. The sedimentation rates, calculated by 210Pb constant rate of supply (CRS) model, ranged from 0.11 to 0.65 (average 0.39) cm(.)y(-1) at Station I, and from 0.21 to 0.78 (average 0.46) cm(.)y(-1) at Station II. Sedimentation rate calculated by Cs-137 as a time marker was 0.55 cm(.)y(-1) at Station II. Based on the average sedimentation rate, we obtained 769 and 147 t(.)y(-1) for nitrogen and phosphorus retentions in Lake Donghu sediments, respectively.

欧洲21世纪数据加密标准候选算法简评

简要介绍了欧洲 NESSIE( new European schemes for signatures,integrity,and encryption)大计划最近公布的 17个分组密码算法的基本设计思想、最新分析结果及其有效性 .

21世纪的光学和光电子学讲座 第三讲信息网络与半导体光电子学

于2010-11-23批量导入

21世纪的光学和光电子学讲座 第二讲 硅基发光材料和器件研究

硅基发光材料和器件是实现光电子集成的关键。文章评述了目前取得较大进展的几种主要硅基发光材料和器件的研究，包括掺饵硅，多孔硅，纳米硅以及Si/SiO_2等超晶格结构材料。展望了这些不同硅基发光材料作为发光器件和在光电集成中的发展前景。