稀土离子在CdSiO_3基质中的多光色长余辉发光

利用高温固相法合成了系列稀土离子掺杂的CdSiO_3:RE~(3+)(RE=Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)多光色长余辉磷光体。XRD分析结果表明在1050℃下烧结3小时的产物为单相。稀土掺杂CdSiO_3磷光体具有良好的发光性能。引入Y~(3+),La~(3+),Gd~(3+),Lu~(3+)以及Ce~(3+),Nd~(3+),Ho~(3+),Er~(3+),Tm~(3+),Yb~(3+)可获得一个最大发射中心位于420 nm附近的缺陷发光宽带,引入 Pr~(3+),Sm~(3+),Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+),Dy~(3+)时,除了产生约420 nm的蓝紫色缺陷发光外同时产生很强的稀土离子特征发光,这两种发光混合导致不同的余辉颜色。

Mild hydrothermal synthesis and optical properties of the complex fluoride KMgF3 doped with Eu

KMgF3 doped with Eu was synthesized by mild hydrothermal method at 240 degreesC for the first time. The excitation and emission spectra of the KMgF3 : Eu2+ phosphor were measured. Comparing with the sample synthesized through solid state reaction, the variation in the excitation spectra at 360 nm resulted from the existences of V-K color centers; the low emission intensity was due to Eu2+ having transferred part energy to V-K color centers.

镨与磷酸二甲酯配合物的合成与结构研究

合成了镨与磷酸二甲酯的配合物,元素分析表明配合物分子式为Pr[(CH_3O)_2PO_2]_3。测量了它的红外和拉曼光谱。用X射线单晶衍射法测定配合物空间群为这P,a=1.8747 (3),b=1.1050 (2),c=1.8010 (3) nm;α=105.42 (1)°,β=98.80 (1)°,γ=79.41 (1)°;ν=3.509(0)nm~3,z=8。镨与六个氧原子配位,每两个相邻的镨原子之间通过双“O-P-O”桥连结;形成奇特的“双桥二十四元环”的环套环绸状结构。

东海带鱼的种群动态模型及最优化开发策略探讨

本文从渔捞死亡均匀发生的概念出发，推导出一新的种群状态更新方程式，克服了一般捕捞方程式中控制变量与状态变量共存于一个隐函数里而无法将其分离成独立作用的两部分这一困难。从而用状态变量法建立东海带鱼的种群动态模型。并在此基础上应用随机动态规化方法计算了东海带鱼在不稳定补充条件下的最优化开发利用率。然后进一步模拟在最优化策略下东海带鱼的种群动态。分析结果表明：东海带鱼的资源利用尚存这下潜力，采用最优化开发策略可使年平均产量可以提高到47万吨。

Biological activity of a red-tide alga - A-tamarense under co-cultured condition with bacteria

The relationship between Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech, one of red-tide alga, and two strains of marine bacteria, Bacillius megaterium(S-7) and B. halmapulus(S-10) isolated from Xiamen Western Sea, was investigated by evaluating the growth state of A. tamarense and the variation of P-glucosidase activity in co-culture system. The results showed the growth and multiplication of the alga were related with the concentration, genus speciality of the bacteria, and growth stage of the alga itself. The growth of A. tamarense was obviously inhibited by S7 and S, at high concentration. Either inhibition or promotion contributed much more clearly in earlier than in later stage of the growth of the alga. Furthermore, there was a roughly similar variation trend of the activity of extra-cellular enzyme, beta-glucosidase, in the water of the separately co-cultured bacteria S-7 and S-10 with the alga. The beta-glucosidase activity (beta-GlcA) rapidly increased during the later algal growth accompanying the increase of the lysis of the alga cells. The obvious inhibition of A. tamarense by marine bacteria at high concentration and evident increase of beta-GlcA in co-colture system would help us in better understanding the relationship between red-tide alga and bacteria, and also enlightened us the possible use of bacteria in the bio-control of red-tide.

青海高原高寒地区C4植物名录

根据笔者实测的青海高原高寒地区300余种植物稳定性碳同位素比值(δ13C)以及参阅已经发表过的国内外不同地区的C4植物名录,整理出青海高原高寒地区3 500余种植物中的C4植物.得出青海高原高寒地区共有9科32属的52种植物属于C4植物,禾本科(Gramineae)18属24种,藜科(Chenopodiaceae)9属20种,苋科(Amaranthaceae)1属4种,菊科(Compositae)2属3种,大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、蒺藜科(Zygophyllaceae)、旋花科(Convolvulaceae)、景天科(Crassulaceae)、眼子菜科(Potamogetonaceae)各1属1种.同时归纳了52种C4植物的生活型以及地理分布区.

应用RAPD标记研究不同生态区谷子品种的遗传差异

应用RAPD标记对19份国内不同生态区的谷子品种的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明：分子水平上，不同生态区的谷子品种存在一定的遗传差异，但遗传差异程度并不高。11个随机引物共扩增出54条多态性带，不同引物扩增的带数差异较大，每个引物可扩增2～8条多态性带，平均每个引物扩增出4.91条多态性带。引物1050扩增的多态性带最多（8条）。聚类结果表明，基于RAPD标记分析的遗传聚类群与生态类型有很大的一致性。

藏北高原紫外辐射的变化特征

对藏北高原五道梁站及其邻近地区以及一些平原地区站点的太阳紫外辐射观测资料进行了分析, 并与青藏高原其它地区的观测结果进行对比, 讨论了紫外辐射的变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明: 1) 紫外辐射的基本变化主要受天文因子的影响, 其一般变化特征与总辐射有良好的对应关系。2) 紫外辐射受大气臭氧含量的影响, 其在太阳总辐射中所占比例的变化是由大气臭氧含量南北不同的空间分布和季节变化造成的。3) 紫外辐射受测站海拔高度的影响, 其相对变化随测站海拔高度的增加而加速增长。紫外辐射在太阳总辐射中所占比例也有明显的类似变化。4) 高原地区B 波段紫外辐射较强, 在到达地表的紫外辐射中所占的能量比例较小, 其辐射值和比例值都有明显的日变化。

利用MC-ICP-MS测定硼同位素及其在西藏地热和盐湖中的初步应用

Based on previous studies, boron can be separated from aqueous samples with Amberlite IRA-743 resin. Experiments on the elute temperature, elute volume and the dynamic resin exchange capacity have been performed in this study. Results show that the dynamic exchange capacity of the resin is 4.2mg B/g and at room temperature, boron fixed on the resin within this capacity level can be extracted quantitatively by using 5ml 2%HNO3. A new procedure has been developed for the measurement of boron isotope ratios in water samples using a Neptune MC-ICP-MS, after resolving the memory effect, which is a key problem, and investigating the impacts of mass bias and Si matrix effect. Using this method, it usually takes 20 min to perform one measurement on 0.1ppm boron solution with a precision of 0.23‰ (SD). If the relative deviation between a sample and the standard is large, the washout time needs to be doubled to achieve a higher precision. δ11B values of water samples from Yangbajing geothermal field vary from -10.53 to -9.13‰. Owing to the large difference B concentration and the small B isotope difference between deep geothermal water and surface water, B isotope ratios of the shallow geothermal fluids are dominated by the deep end member rather than the shallower one in the mixing process. As a consequence, δ11B-B relation is indicative basically of a dilution process. Vapor-liquid separation and calcite scaling also greatly influence B isotope fractionation. δ11B values of water samples from Dagejia geothermal field are from -15.98‰ to -11.67‰. Boron in Changma River near the field has two sources, freshwater lakes (Dajiamang Lake and Canke Lake) and geothermal waters. Finally, a preliminary discussion is included on boron geochemical characteristics of the salt lakes in Shuanghu area and other geothermal fields, to provide information for future studies on boron isotope geochemistry of geothermal systems and salt lakes in Tibet.

高温高压和不同氧逸度控制下单晶橄榄石电导率的实验研究

在1．0—4．0GPa，1123—1473K和控制氧逸度（Ni＋NiO，Fe＋Fe3O4，Fe＋FeO和Mo＋MoO2等4种氧缓冲剂）的条件下，借助YJ-3000t紧装式六面顶高温高压设备和Sarhron-1260阻抗／增益-相位分析仪，就位测定了橄榄石的电导率．实验结果表明：（1）在测定的频率范围（10^3-10^6Hz），样品的电导率对频率具有很强的依赖性；（2）随着温度（T）升高，电导率（σ）增大，lgσ与1／T之间符合Arrhenius关系；（3）在Fe＋Fe3O4氧缓冲条件下，随着压力升高，电导率降低，而活化焓和指前因子增大，并给出样品的活化能和活化体积分别为（1．25±0．08）eV和（0．105±0．025）cm^3·mol；（4）在给定的压力和温度下，随着氧逸度增加，电导率增大，活化焓降低；（5）小极化子导电机制可为橄榄石在高温高压下的导电行为提供合理的解释.

植物稳定同位素多尺度、高分辨率古气候信息综合辨识-以安图红松和红原泥炭为例

植物稳定同位素气候学因其具有坚实的理论基础，在古气候研究中倍受关注。同位素“语言”对气候变化的记录是一种“精确”记录。近30多年来，大量科学家不懈努力，提出并完善了植物C、H、O同位素分馏模型，为全球气候变化提供了理想的研究手段。古气候研究面临空前的机遇和挑战；不论是气候规律的发掘以及气候驱动机制的探讨，均需要大力加强。作者利用植物同位素气候学这一理想的研究“工具”，分别选取树轮和泥炭气候历史档案库作为信息载体，开展了中国全新世以来高分辨率、多时间尺度的气候信息综合辨识。我的工作表明：植物稳定同位素组成是理想的气候代用指标。树轮、泥炭档案库相结合，可以获得多尺度（年际、代际、百年以及千年时间尺度）、高分辨率气候信息，对于认识全球气候变化规律以及深入探讨全球气候动力学机制是十分重要的。1、安图红松树轮同位素气候代用记录研究（1）安图红松树轮同位素组成受多种气象因子的联合作用，因而单一地将某一同位素指标与某一气象因子做回归分析所得结果不甚理想。本论文构建了“温度一湿度”复合气候指标，取得了理想的结果。研究发现，不论是树轮δ13C还是δ18O，均与5-8月温湿复合指标显著相关。重建的气候变化与《安图县志》记录的气候变化事件大多吻合。证明这种新的研究方案是可行的，值得在以后的工作中进一步加强。（2）安图红松树轮δ13C灵敏地记录了该区过去200年来5-7月低云量变化。综合分析各种气象要素之间的相关关系以及气象要素与树轮δ13C之间的相关关系，作者认为，低云量对树轮δ13C的影响是一种间接影响。低云量非常显著地影响日照强度以及降雨量等气象因子，进而借助于日照强度及降雨量等气象因子在树轮δ13C中留下自身的变化“印记”。（3）功率谱分析证明，安图红松树轮δ13C、δ18O序列均包含了显著的准2年周期、准4年周期、准10-8年周期。分别是对东亚夏季风准两年振荡（QBO），ENSO准4年周期，太阳活动准11年周期的响应。（4）作者在传统树轮氢、氧同位素分馏模型基础上，同时引入“交换因子”和“蒸腾因子”两个新参数，改进了树轮氢、氧同位素分馏模型。改进的模型能利用树轮H、O同位素组成较准确模拟大气降水H、O同位素组成。改进的模型采用“自适应”方式，具有很大的灵活性，可望用于“用泥炭同位素组成模拟大气降水同位素组成”这项研究中。2、红原泥炭氧同位素气候代用记录研究（1）过去6000年来，红原温度变化趋势与金川、敦德温度变化趋势有很好的相似性，证明中国大多地区温度变化趋势是一致的。6000～4000aBP平均温度水平较低；4000-1500 aBP平均温度水平较高；1500aBP至今平均温度水平相对较低。4000aBP和1500aBP是近6000年温度变化序列中两个显著的转折点。（2）红原温度变化序列中记录到一系列低温突变，这些突变事件与金川、敦德、格陵兰、北大西洋，等等，广泛区域内温度突变事件具有很好的一致性。特别地，每当一次低温突变事件发生，通常有相应的社会结构重整、社会崩溃、古文明坍塌等重大历史事件与之对应。这进一步证实，气候变化（特别是气候突变）对整个社会经济和文明的冲击是十分明显的。（3）近6000年红原、金川温度变化趋势与大气14C变化趋势非常相似，暗示中国地区温度变化的主要驱动力来自太阳活动。功率谱分析进一步证实了这一结论。功率谱分析中最显著的周期信号是88-yr和123-127-yr年周期，体现了一种典型的世纪尺度温度变化特征。3、综合讨论（1）“红原-金川”平均温度变化趋势显示，近千年中国平均温度变化与经典的太阳活动极小期，如Darton极小、Maunder极小、sp6rer极小、oort极小，等等，表现一致。表明中国气温变化主要驱动力来自太阳活动。大约在1050-1250AD期间，中国温度水平较高。而同期大气14C，南极冰心10Be以及模拟的总太阳辐射等均表明太阳活动处于较高水平。大量树轮记录也表明近百年中国并无异常升温。这些资料表明，最近百年气温变化可能并未超出自然变率。（2）提出了“大洋温盐环流一季风”概念模型。这一模型能很好解释北大西洋温度突变与印度洋夏季风突变的一致性、中国东北和西南长期降雨趋势的反相性、北太平洋（温盐环流上翻区）温度记录与北大西洋温度记录的“跷跷板”效应（seesaw effect），等等。大洋温盐环流可能是主宰印度洋夏季风区、东亚夏季风区长期干湿变迁的主要因素。

Ingestão do colostro diminui mortalidade em caprinos e ovinos.

2004

LED (660 nm) and laser (670 nm) use on skin flap viability: angiogenesis and mast cells on transition line

Skin flap procedures are commonly used in plastic surgery. Failures can follow, leading to the necrosis of the flap. Therefore, many studies use LLLT to improve flap viability. Currently, the LED has been introduced as an alternative to LLLT. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT and LED on the viability of random skin flaps in rats. Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups, and a random skin flap (10 x 4 cm) was performed in all animals. Group 1 was the sham group; group 2 was submitted to LLLT 660 nm, 0.14 J; group 3 with LED 630 nm, 2.49 J, and group 4 with LLLT 660 nm, with 2.49 J. Irradiation was applied after surgery and repeated on the four subsequent days. On the 7th postoperative day, the percentage of flap necrosis was calculated and skin samples were collected from the viable area and from the transition line of the flap to evaluate blood vessels and mast cells. the percentage of necrosis was significantly lower in groups 3 and 4 compared to groups 1 and 2. Concerning blood vessels and mast cell numbers, only the animals in group 3 showed significant increase compared to group 1 in the skin sample of the transition line. LED and LLLT with the same total energies were effective in increasing viability of random skin flaps. LED was more effective in increasing the number of mast cells and blood vessels in the transition line of random skin flaps.

An EORTC phase I study of capecitabine (Xeloda) in combination with fixed doses of cyclophosphamide and epirubicin (cex) as primary treatment for large operable or locally advanced/inflammatory breast cancer.

In breast cancer, chemotherapy regimens that include infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) lead to high response rates, but require central venous access and pumps. To avoid these inconveniences, we substituted infusional 5-FU with capecitabine. The main objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of capecitabine when given in combination with fixed doses of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (100 and 600 mg/m(2) day 1 every (q) 3 weeks) as primary treatment for large operable or locally advanced/inflammatory breast cancer without distant metastasis. Capecitabine was escalated from 750 mg/m(2) twice a day (bid) to 1250 mg/m(2) bid from day 1 to day 14 in four dose levels. Dose escalation was permitted if 0/3 or 1/6 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). A total of 23 patients were included and 117 courses were administered. At dose level 4, 2 of 2 patients presented DLTs defining the MTD. A high rate of capecitabine treatment modification was required with capecitabine 1050 mg/m(2) bid (dose level 3). 19 patients achieved an objective response (83%). In conclusion, we believe that capecitabine 900 mg/m(2) bid (dose level 2) is the recommended dose in combination with epirubicin 100 mg/m(2) and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m(2). The acceptable toxicity profile and encouraging activity of this regimen warrant further evaluation.