794 resultados para . Public space
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The Belfast city center is fractured, divided by motorways, parking lots, empty buildings, and big box stores. Its 19th-century heyday put it on the international map of textile production, which transformed and enriched its built structure. This tight architectural fabric was slowly destroyed in the 1940s by the Blitz, in the 1970s by road plans and the troubles and in the 1990s by large retail buildings. Few pedestrian streets traverse Belfast, and among them, most are recently-developed conduits for the passage of shoppers from one chain store to the next.Within this seemingly bleak urban landscape, there remain a few areas that offer a richer, more architecturally and socially diverse, more memory-laden conception of public space. Current redevelopment plans, however, threaten the mere existence of these few remaining historic streets in Belfast.This reality inspired the current project of one of the Masters in Architecture design units at Queens University Belfast. Our team (led by urban designer Michael Corr and myself) has been exploring North Street, one of the main arteries in Belfast City Center. Although North Street has a reputation for being run-down, derelict, and in need of redevelopment, it is one of the few intact 19th-century streets left in the area, and as such is worthy of study as an example of public space that is not strictly synonymous with commercial space.
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Streets are key elements of urban space; they are in essence public spaces and connect diverse areas of the city weaving the urban fabric. Once motorways replace existing streets, they tear the fabric and transform the qualities of the urban landscape. As in many cities throughout the world, in Belfast during the 1960s the growth of private car ownership took over the development of the city. The Roads Authority developed plans (1964/1969) to build a ring road surrounding most of the city. This deeply affected the use and shape of the city until today. This plan focused on encouraging the move of population to the outskirts of the city. However, the connections between the city centre and its surrounding neighbourhoods were broken. Only the southern stretch of the motorway was not built. This allowed the connection between South Belfast and the city centre to remain seamless. The current possibility of building the southern stretch of motorway threatens this continuity. This paper will highlight the very high value of streets by analysing their physical qualities.
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This book, written when Walker was Visiting Professor at the Technical University Munich in 2011, describes his research on the effects of digital technology on architectural design and construction, and on the development of digital craft. The primary example given is The Swarm, a digitally designed and manufactured pavilion, produced with students while Walker was at TU Munich. It now stands outside the Bayerischen Architektenkammer (Bavarian Chamber of Architects) in Munich. Through such research-by-design, Walker asks larger questions: what can designers craft without a master craftsmans skills, and how can craft skills be recovered through digital fabrication? Another example in the book is the Swoosh Pavilion, one of two public-space-scale architectural pavilion prototypes Walker developed between 2008 and 2009 at the Architectural Association (AA), using applied digital modelling and CNC techniques to investigate methods of teaching and testing digital processes through making. Swoosh (2008) and a second AA pavilion, Driftwood (2009), were discussed by Walker and Martin Self, his co-investigator, in Fractal, bad hair, Swoosh and Driftwood pavilions of Intermediate Unit 2, 20062009, published in the AD reader, Manufacturing the Bespoke (2012), which includes essays by well-known critics and designers such as Mathias Kohler and Michael Stacey. Both AA pavilions were sponsored by FinnForest Merk, Arup, HOK and Building Design Magazine, and were seen by large international audiences in Bedford Square, London during the 20089 AA Projects Review shows. The book Making Pavilions (Walker and Self, AA Agenda No. 9, Architectural Association Press, 2011) also discusses their work over seven years of teaching at the Architectural Association. At the same time, Walker collaborated on a series of Serpentine pavilions, commissioned annually by the Serpentine Gallery, London, co-designing these experimental structures with internationally renowned architects Daniel Libeskind, Oscar Niemeyer, Toyo Ito and Alvaro Siza.
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Abhandlung ber Symbole verschiedener Religionen und deren mgliches Konfliktpotential (auch in Gerichtsverfahren in Deutschland). Auerdem findet sich eine Beschreibung von Rumen der Stille, welche, abhngig von ihrer Gestaltung und Ausrichtung, symbol-frei und daher offen fr alle Religionen gestaltet sein knnen.
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Tese de doutoramento, Geografia (Planeamento Regional e Urbano), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Territrio, 2015
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A criao do Centro Republicano Federal de Ponta Delgada em 1880 inscreve-se nos projectos republicanos federalistas e insere-se no quadro do seu movimento expansionista. Com a publicao do peridico A Republica Federal vinculado ao republicanismo portugus, o Centro instituiu o seu rgo de imprensa e principal elemento propagandstico. As suas pginas foram portadoras das novas concepes polticas e o elemento impulsionador das novas ideologias propagadas por Tefilo Braga, candidato a deputado e figura titular deste Centro. A sua leitura mostra-nos o percurso e o posicionamento poltico-ideolgico dos republicanos micaelenses, particularmente em Ponta Delgada. Enquanto espao pblico politizado, A Republica Federal foi o principal palco dos debates e disputas partidrias na luta contra as instituies monrquicas e no combate pela destituio dos poderes h muito implantados. Apresenta-nos um trajecto de contestao centralizao do poder, oposio e resistncia com que se depararam os republicanos na tentativa de por fim aos privilgios e prticas de corrupo que permitiam um controle pernicioso dos processos eleitorais, abalando inevitavelmente o conservadorismo das elites locais com costumes e preconceitos difceis de alterar. Foi no Centro Republicano Federal de Ponta Delgada e no seu jornal que convergiram os projectos de descentralizao administrativa, foram eles os promotores e foco disseminador do iderio republicano federal, aglutinando as aspiraes dos republicanos que pretendem instalar-se como sistema alternativo.
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Interior illumination is a complex problem involving numerous interacting factors. This research applies genetic programming towards problems in illumination design. The Radiance system is used for performing accurate illumination simulations. Radiance accounts for a number of important environmental factors, which we exploit during fitness evaluation. Illumination requirements include local illumination intensity from natural and artificial sources, colour, and uniformity. Evolved solutions incorporate design elements such as artificial lights, room materials, windows, and glass properties. A number of case studies are examined, including many-objective problems involving up to 7 illumination requirements, the design of a decorative wall of lights, and the creation of a stained-glass window for a large public space. Our results show the technical and creative possibilities of applying genetic programming to illumination design.
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Linstallation architecturale, lobjet de recherche central de cette thse, est un type dintervention architecturale qui chappe autant au discours professionnel qu celui des chercheurs en architecture lorsquil sagit de dfinir les limites de la profession et celles de la discipline. Prenant ses distances avec le dterminisme fonctionnaliste qui domine la pense et la pratique courantes de larchitecture, la recherche a pour but de montrer que linstallation architecturale sinscrit dans une tradition classique bien ancre dans la pratique et dans la thorie de larchitecture et que son rle dans la pense sur le projet architectural et urbain de la ville contemporaine a occup et occupe encore une place importante. Cest pour ces raisons que la recherche se prsente essentiellement comme une exploration guide avant tout par le souci de contribuer la reconnaissance de cette pratique particulire de larchitecture. Avant de poser lhypothse de recherche, nous avons prsum que linstallation architecturale agit comme une construction active dans lespace public, quelle comble certains manques quant la dfinition des enjeux urbains de la ville contemporaine, particulirement dans un contexte o les liberts de choix, de mouvances et dopportunits sont largement accompagns par des stratgies dorganisation, de contrle public et de constructions technologiques, defficacit nergtique et fonctionnelle. La recherche a galement suppos que cette valeur dagitation sociale et culturelle est lie certaines caractristiques inhrentes larchitecture, la ville et lindividu et quelle reprsente, par le fait mme, un objet de recherche important tout en offrant une porte dentre dans les questions plus larges qui traversent la discipline. Parmi celles-ci sont particulirement tudis des pratiques et des discours qui chappent aux dfinitions usuelles et qui offrent un regard critique quant aux limites de la discipline, des pratiques qui mettent en lumire des ides telles que linstable et lvnement, des notions dintervention et dthique, daction et dexploration. Cette thse cherche ainsi clairer la contribution potentielle de linstallation architecturale dans les problmatiques urbaines et architecturales et de montrer comment lexprience de la ville travers le dispositif architectural peut transformer nos manires daborder lespace construit.
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This study focuses on the engagement of children and youth in their communities and the ways they are included in and excluded from community life. Using a content analysis of a small town United States newspaper over a one-year period, examples of engagement were identified and classified into 12 categories: programs, clubs and special events; fundraising and community service; business and community support; participation in community events; school events; athletic and other performances; employment; involvement in local planning and decision making; serving as a community representative; visibility and recognition; criminal activity and accidents; and use of public space. Examples of community exclusion were identified as well. Young people were engaged primarily through activities that were adult-directed or supervised, or organized through schools, churches, and youth clubs. There was little involvement in local planning, decision making, or activism. Some evidence existed of peer teaching, leadership, and self-initiated activities, as well as intentional efforts by adults to give youth a greater voice in community activities. Implications include several ethical issues regarding the role of young people in community life, particularly young children, and the need for greater awareness on the part of communities of the contributions young people can make.
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Lthique du care est confronte un problme qui a des allures de paradoxe: bien que sa politisation paraisse ncessaire, lthique du care ne semble pas pouvoir trouver en elle-mme les ressources suffisantes la formulation dune thorie politique comprhensive. Il ne semble pas exister de thorie politique du care part entire. Cet article examine la fcondit dun rapprochement entre thique du care et thorie norpublicaine de la non-domination. Le rsultat, non ngligeable, serait de garantir des formes importantes de protections aux activits de care, mais il cela nempcherait pas ncessairement les reprsentations ngatives de ces activits, dont on peut supposer quelle est lun des facteurs de la marginalisation et de la rpartition ingale qui les affecte. Pour bloquer ces reprsentations dgradantes, il faudrait que le care soit discut et dfini dans lespace public non seulement comme un lieu possible de la domination, mais comme un aspect fondamental et positif de la vie individuelle et collective.
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Le design urbain, dimension de la pratique urbanistique, consiste principalement en la manipulation de la forme urbaine selon une dmarche cible et encadre. Les approches sont aussi nombreuses que diversifies. On peut nanmoins les classer en deux catgories : les approches visant la forme urbaine en tant quobjet qui contient lorganisation formelle de la ville et celles qui visent le travail sur la forme urbaine afin dorganiser la dynamique urbaine humaine. Les deux types dapproches soutiennent diffrentes dmarches damnagement qui contribuent dvelopper la forme urbaine et la dynamique des lieux. Parmi celles-ci se trouve la vision de type empirique, laquelle vise lexprience urbaine lchelle du piton. Les crits et les thories ce sujet sont varis et pertinents. La prsente recherche porte sur la transposition des prescriptions empiriques dans la planification dun projet qui intgre une dmarche de design urbain. Au moyen dune tude de cas, la Cit multimdia Montral, il sagit de comprendre plus spcifiquement comment le canevas matre du design urbain, soit lespace public, est tudi et reformul et ce, en accordant une attention particulire pour la dimension empirique du futur amnagement. Quelles sont les balises ou les composantes qui permettent la dimension empirique de se dployer dans la conception dun projet urbain qui vise une reformulation de la forme urbaine?
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La prsente thse porte sur des mobilisations citoyennes qui ont court depuis quelques annes Saint-Ptersbourg, en Russie, contre la densification urbaine. La transformation de lespace urbain en commodit a entran une augmentation fulgurante des constructions et ce, tant dans les priphries quau centre-ville. La redfinition de lespace urbain, consquence de la chute du rgime communiste, a provoqu lrosion despaces considrs comme publics et de nombreux espaces verts. De nombreuses voix se sont leves pour dnoncer ce qui est souvent qualifi de catastrophe pouvant mener la disparition de Saint-Ptersbourg. Je me suis intresse trois aspects de la mobilisation citoyenne contre la densification urbaine : 1) lopposition de rsidents des projets de constructions qui menacent directement leur environnement immdiat; 2) les efforts de certaines organisations citoyennes pour sauver des espaces verts menacs et; 3) la mobilisation provoque par la dmolition du patrimoine historique. Jai tent de comprendre pourquoi la lutte contre la densification urbaine constitue la principale cause de mobilisation Saint-Ptersbourg en ce dbut de 21e sicle. Je me suis questionne sur le sens de cette mobilisation et sur les raisons qui poussent des citoyens se transformer momentanment en activistes. Jai examin lhistoire singulire de cette ville et son pass de rsistance qui ont contribu donner naissance une identit particulire qui a perdur au fil des sicles, malgr les guerres et les bouleversements politiques. Lanalyse des rcits et des actions des rsidents a rvl que la densification urbaine met en lumire plusieurs enjeux qui touchent la socit russe contemporaine, comme le foss grandissant entre les riches et les pauvres et la perte de confiance aux autorits. La densification urbaine reprsente, pour ses opposants, une perte de qualit de vie. Mais les Ptersbourgeois qui sunissent pour prserver leur ville craignent aussi que la densification urbaine mne la disparition de la mmoire et de la culture incarnes par tous ces lieux menacs. En exprimant leur dsaccord contre les divers projets qui envahissent la ville, les rsidents souhaitent aussi faire entendre leur voix et participer de manire active llaboration dune vision qui prendrait en compte les intrts non seulement de la classe dirigeante, mais de lensemble de la population. En ce sens, les mobilisations contre la densification urbaine constituent une tentative de (r)appropriation de la ville, tant sur le plan matriel que symbolique.
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Dans ce mmoire, lauteur part dun constat : deux commissions sont lances au Qubec et en France dans des contextes similaires dintense dbat social autour de la question de la lacit. Mme si la commission franaise rserve le rle principal au concept de lacit et que la commission qubcoise lexamine parmi dautres concepts, il est vident que la polmique qubcoise des accommodements raisonnables en matire sociale et religieuse fait cho au dbat du voile en France, les trames de lancement des commissions, une comparaison des concepts de lacit est ainsi pertinente. Des modles diffrents de lacit des commissions mises en parallle : une lacit ouverte mettant davantage laccent sur la libert de conscience et permettant le port de signes religieux pour le Rapport Bouchard-Taylor et une lacit ferme mettant en quilibre la libert de conscience et lgalit de traitement avec une ncessit de respect de lordre et de la neutralit dun espace public, alors que le port dobjet religieux ostensibles est exclu de lcole publique pour le Rapport Stasi. Les trajectoires historiques menant ces commissions permettent de dgager limportance de moments cls dans la formation de la lacit : les rvolutions, linstallation des idologies tatiques et linstitutionnalisation par le droit et lducation. Ces charnires par leur spcificit nationale contribuent faonner les lacits qubcoise et franaise.
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Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version lectronique de ce mmoire t dpouille de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intgrale du mmoire a t dpose au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Universit de Montral.
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Mmoire numris par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Universit de Montral
