A practical treatise on railway curves and location : for young engineers : containing a full description of the instruments, the manner of adjusting them, and the methods of proceeding in the field, new and simple formulae for compound and reverse curving, rules for calculating excavation and embankment, staking out work, &c., together with tables of natural sines and tangents, radii, chords, ordinates, and others of general use in the profession /

On spine: Shunk on railway curves &c.

The last military operation of General Riego : also, the manner in which he was betrayed and treated until imprisoned at Madrid : to which is added, a narrative of the sufferings of the author in prison /

"Printed by A.J. Valpy, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street."--T.p. verso.

Physiognomical portraits. One hundred distinguished characters from undoubted originals, engraved in the line manner, by the most eminent British artists.

Text in English and French.

A general history of the Ottoman Empire. Illustrated with useful notes and observations, after the manner of Mr. Sandys, Mr. Addison, & adorn'd with copper plates.

Mode of access: Internet.

The period of mourning. Disposed into sixe visions. In memorie of the late prince. Together with nuptiall hymnes, in honour of this happy marriage betweene .. Frederick, Count Palatine of the Rhene, and ... Elizabeth onely daughter to our soueraigne, his maiestie. Also thr manner of the solemnization of the marriage at White-Hall ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Die Ursachen der ungleichen Entlohnung von Manner- und Frauenarbeit : Kapitel I und II, 1. Teil.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat zu Berlin.

Anatomical investigations : comprising descriptions of various fasciae of the human body : the discoveries of the manner in which the pericardium is formed from the superficial fascia : the capsular ligament of the shoulder joint from the brachial fascia : and the capsular ligament of the hip joint from the fascia lata : to which is added an account of some irregularities of structure and morbid anatomy : with a description of a new anatomical table /

Includes A treatise on the minute anatomy of the bones, by Antonio Scarpa; transl. by J.D. Godman.

Providing a metric option : can laws and regulations be amended in a timely manner?

Item 1089

A grammar of the English language in a series of letters. Intended for the use of schools and of young persons in general ; but more especially for the use of soldiers, sailors, apprentices, and plough-boys. To which are added six lessons intended to prevent statesmen from using false grammar and from writing in an awkward manner.

Title on spine: Cobbett's grammar.

IGF-1 phosphorylates AMPK-alpha subunit in ATM-dependent and LKB1-independent manner

Serine/threonine protein kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key metabolic stress-responsive factor that promotes the adaptation of cells to their microenvironment. Elevated concentrations of intracellular AMP, caused by metabolic stress, are known to activate AMPK by phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit. Recently, the tumor suppressor serine/threonine protein kinase LKB1 was identified as an upstream kinases, AMPKKs. In the current study, we found that stimulation with growth factors also caused AMPK-alpha subunit phosphorylation. Interestingly, even an LKB1-nonexpressing cancer cell line, HeLa, exhibited growth factor-stimulated AMPK-alpha subunit phosphorylation, suggesting the presence of an LKB1-independent pathway for AMPK-alpha subunit phosphorylation. In the human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1, AMPK-alpha subunit phosphorylation promoted by IGF-I was suppressed by antisense ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) expression. We found that IGF-1 also induced AMPK-alpha subunit phosphorylation in the human normal fibroblast TIG103 cell line, but failed to do so in a human fibroblast AT2-KY cell line lacking ATM. Immunoprecipitates of ATM collected from IGF-1-stimulated cells also caused the phosphorylation of the AMPK-alpha subunit in vitro. IGF-1-stimulated ATM phosphorylation at both threonine and tyrosine residues, and our results demonstrated that the phosphorylation of tyrosine in the ATM molecule is important for AMPK-alpha subunit phosphorylation during IGF-1 signaling. These results suggest that IGF-1 induces AMPK-alpha subunit phosphorylation via an ATM-dependent and LKB1-independent pathway. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tertiapin-Q blocks recombinant and native large conductance K+ channels in a use-dependent manner

Tertiapin, a short peptide from honey bee venom, has been reported to specifically block the inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels, including G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK) 1 + GIRK4 heteromultimers and ROMK1 homomultimers. In the present study, the effects of a stable and functionally similar derivative of tertiapin, tertiapin-Q, were examined on recombinant human voltage-dependent Ca2+-activated large conductance K+ channel (BK or MaxiK; alpha-subunit or hSlo1 homomultimers) and mouse inwardly rectifying GIRK1 + GIRK2 (i.e., Kir3.1 and Kir3.2) heteromultimeric K+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes and in cultured newborn mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In two-electrode voltage-clamped oocytes, tertiapin-Q (1-100 nM) inhibited BK-type K+ channels in a use- and concentration-dependent manner. We also confirmed the inhibition of recombinant GIRK1 + GIRK2 heteromultimers by tertiapin-Q, which had no effect on endogenous depolarization- and hyperpolarization-activated currents sensitive to extracellular divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Ba2+) in defolliculated oocytes. In voltage-clamped DRG neurons, tertiapin-Q voltage- and use-dependently inhibited outwardly rectifying K+ currents, but Cs+-blocked hyperpolarization-activated inward currents including I-H were insensitive to tertiapin-Q, baclofen, barium, and zinc, suggesting absence of functional GIRK channels in the newborn. Under current-clamp conditions, tertiapin-Q blocked the action potential after hyperpolarization (AHP) and increased action potential duration in DRG neurons. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the blocking actions of tertiapin-Q are not specific to Kir channels and that the blockade of recombinant BK channels and native neuronal AHP currents is use-dependent. Inhibition of specific types of Kir and voltage-dependent Ca2+-activated K+ channels by tertiapin-Q at nanomolar range via different mechanisms may have implications in pain physiology and therapy.

L-carnosine affects the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a metabolism-dependent manner

The dipeptide L-carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) has been described as enigmatic: it inhibits growth of cancer cells but delays senescence in cultured human fibroblasts and extends the lifespan of male fruit flies. In an attempt to understand these observations, the effects of L-carnosine on the model eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were examined on account of its unique metabolic properties; S. cerevisiae can respire aerobically, but like some tumor cells, it can also exhibit a metabolism in which aerobic respiration is down regulated. L-Carnosine exhibited both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on yeast cells, dependent upon the carbon source in the growth medium. When yeast cells were not reliant on oxidative phosphorylation for energy generation (e.g. when grown on a fermentable carbon source such as 2% glucose), 10-30 mM L-carnosine slowed growth rates in a dose-dependent manner and increased cell death by up to 17%. In contrast, in media containing a non-fermentable carbon source in which yeast are dependent on aerobic respiration (e.g. 2% glycerol), L-carnosine did not provoke cell death. This latter observation was confirmed in the respiratory yeast, Pichia pastoris. Moreover, when deletion strains in the yeast nutrient-sensing pathway were treated with L-carnosine, the cells showed resistance to its inhibitory effects. These findings suggest that L-carnosine affects cells in a metabolism-dependent manner and provide a rationale for its effects on different cell types. © 2012 Cartwright et al.

Angiopoietin-1 induces migration of monocytes in a tie-2 and integrin-independent manner

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is an angiogenic growth factor that activates Tie-2 and integrins to promote vessel wall remodeling. The recent finding of the potential proatherogenic effects of Ang-1 prompted us to investigate whether Ang-1 promotes monocyte chemotaxis, endothelial binding, and transendothelial migration, key events in the progression of atherosclerosis. Here, we show that Ang-1 induces chemotaxis of monocytes in a manner that is independent of Tie-2 and integrin binding but dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase and heparin. In addition, Ang-1 promoted phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent binding of monocytes to endothelial monolayers and stimulated transendothelial migration. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that exogenous Ang-1 adheres directly to monocytes as well as to human umbilical endothelial cells, but neither Tie-2 mRNA nor protein were expressed by primary monocytes. Although Ang-1 binding to human umbilical endothelial cells was partially Tie-2 and integrin dependent, Ang-1 binding to monocytes was independent of these factors. Finally, preincubation of monocytes with soluble heparin abrogated Ang-1 binding to monocytes and migration, and partially prevented Ang-1 binding to human umbilical endothelial cells. In summary, Ang-1 induces chemotaxis of monocytes by a mechanism that is dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase and heparin but independent of Tie-2 and integrins. The ability of Ang-1 to recruit monocytes suggests it may play a role in inflammatory angiogenesis and may promote atherosclerosis.