αvβ8 Integrin Interacts with RhoGDI1 to Regulate Rac1 and Cdc42 Activation and Drive Glioblastoma Cell Invasion

As an interface between the circulatory and central nervous systems, the neurovascular unit is vital to the development and survival of tumors. The malignant brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) displays invasive growth behaviors that are major impediments to surgical resection and targeted therapies. Adhesion and signaling pathways that drive GBM cell invasion remain largely uncharacterized. Here we have utilized human GBM cell lines, primary patient samples, and pre-clinical mouse models to demonstrate that integrin αvβ8 is a major driver of GBM cell invasion. β8 integrin is overexpressed in many human GBM cells, with higher integrin expression correlating with increased invasion and diminished patient survival. Silencing β8 integrin in human GBM cells leads to impaired tumor cell invasion due to hyperactivation of the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. β8 integrin associates with Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitor 1 (RhoGDI1), an intracellular signaling effector that sequesters Rho GTPases in their inactive GDP-bound states. Silencing RhoGDI1 expression or uncoupling αvβ8 integrin-RhoGDI1 protein interactions blocks GBM cell invasion due to Rho GTPase hyperactivation. These data reveal for the first time that αvβ8 integrin, via interactions with RhoGDI1, suppresses activation of Rho proteins to promote GBM cell invasiveness. Hence, targeting the αvβ8 integrin-RhoGDI1 signaling axis may be an effective strategy for blocking GBM cell invasion.

Funcionalidad de la articulación Glenohumeral en el golpe de Drive en pelota a paleta

El propósito de esta ponencia, es realizar un análisis del gesto técnico denominado "Drive", golpe determinante en la disciplina de Pelota a Paleta, a partir del estudio Anatómico y Biomecánico de la articulación Glenohumeral. Se destacará la importancia de los conocimientos anatomo-funcionales en la formación del Profesor en Educación Física, como base para el análisis del movimiento en cuestión, ya sea con fines de rendimiento deportivo o para mejorar la intervención docente. La articulación Glenohumeral es parte de un complejo de articulaciones que corresponde a la Cintura Escapular. Esta, posee 3 grados de libertad, lo que permite orientar al miembro superior en relación a los 3 planos del espacio, a disposición de tres ejes principales, y de esa manera, combinarlos gracias a su característica de articulación en esfera (Diartrosis-Enartrosis). A partir de Aquí, los movimientos principales que puede realizar son: La Flexión y la Extensión en el plano Sagital en torno al eje transversal; la Aducción y la Abducción en el plano frontal con su eje anteroposterior; la Rotación Interna y la Rotación Externa en el plano horizontal, alrededor del eje vertical, y por último, el movimiento de circunduccion, que resulta de la combinación de los precedentes. Los principios básicos para el desarrollo del golpe, establecen que éste debe comenzar desde la empuñadura de la paleta, la posición del cuerpo en sus diferentes instancias, hasta llegar al momento del golpe para realizar un correcto impacto. Este último momento se realiza llevando el miembro superior desde atrás hacia delante, con el codo extendido en el momento del golpeo y a la altura del hombro. Es un golpe para imprimir fuerza y dirección a la pelota

Funcionalidad de la articulación Glenohumeral en el golpe de Drive en pelota a paleta

El propósito de esta ponencia, es realizar un análisis del gesto técnico denominado "Drive", golpe determinante en la disciplina de Pelota a Paleta, a partir del estudio Anatómico y Biomecánico de la articulación Glenohumeral. Se destacará la importancia de los conocimientos anatomo-funcionales en la formación del Profesor en Educación Física, como base para el análisis del movimiento en cuestión, ya sea con fines de rendimiento deportivo o para mejorar la intervención docente. La articulación Glenohumeral es parte de un complejo de articulaciones que corresponde a la Cintura Escapular. Esta, posee 3 grados de libertad, lo que permite orientar al miembro superior en relación a los 3 planos del espacio, a disposición de tres ejes principales, y de esa manera, combinarlos gracias a su característica de articulación en esfera (Diartrosis-Enartrosis). A partir de Aquí, los movimientos principales que puede realizar son: La Flexión y la Extensión en el plano Sagital en torno al eje transversal; la Aducción y la Abducción en el plano frontal con su eje anteroposterior; la Rotación Interna y la Rotación Externa en el plano horizontal, alrededor del eje vertical, y por último, el movimiento de circunduccion, que resulta de la combinación de los precedentes. Los principios básicos para el desarrollo del golpe, establecen que éste debe comenzar desde la empuñadura de la paleta, la posición del cuerpo en sus diferentes instancias, hasta llegar al momento del golpe para realizar un correcto impacto. Este último momento se realiza llevando el miembro superior desde atrás hacia delante, con el codo extendido en el momento del golpeo y a la altura del hombro. Es un golpe para imprimir fuerza y dirección a la pelota

Funcionalidad de la articulación Glenohumeral en el golpe de Drive en pelota a paleta

El propósito de esta ponencia, es realizar un análisis del gesto técnico denominado "Drive", golpe determinante en la disciplina de Pelota a Paleta, a partir del estudio Anatómico y Biomecánico de la articulación Glenohumeral. Se destacará la importancia de los conocimientos anatomo-funcionales en la formación del Profesor en Educación Física, como base para el análisis del movimiento en cuestión, ya sea con fines de rendimiento deportivo o para mejorar la intervención docente. La articulación Glenohumeral es parte de un complejo de articulaciones que corresponde a la Cintura Escapular. Esta, posee 3 grados de libertad, lo que permite orientar al miembro superior en relación a los 3 planos del espacio, a disposición de tres ejes principales, y de esa manera, combinarlos gracias a su característica de articulación en esfera (Diartrosis-Enartrosis). A partir de Aquí, los movimientos principales que puede realizar son: La Flexión y la Extensión en el plano Sagital en torno al eje transversal; la Aducción y la Abducción en el plano frontal con su eje anteroposterior; la Rotación Interna y la Rotación Externa en el plano horizontal, alrededor del eje vertical, y por último, el movimiento de circunduccion, que resulta de la combinación de los precedentes. Los principios básicos para el desarrollo del golpe, establecen que éste debe comenzar desde la empuñadura de la paleta, la posición del cuerpo en sus diferentes instancias, hasta llegar al momento del golpe para realizar un correcto impacto. Este último momento se realiza llevando el miembro superior desde atrás hacia delante, con el codo extendido en el momento del golpeo y a la altura del hombro. Es un golpe para imprimir fuerza y dirección a la pelota

Direct-Drive Shock-Ignition for the Laser Megajoule.

We present a review of direct-drive shock ignition studies done as alternative for the Laser Mega-Joule to achieve high thermonuclear gain. One-dimensional analysis of HiPER-like Shock-ignited target designs is presented. It is shown that high gain can be achieved with shock ignition for designs which do not ignite only from the laser compression. Shock ignition is achieved for different targets of the fast ignition family which are driven by an absorbed energy between 100 kJ and 850kJ and deliver thermonuclear energies between 10-130 MJ. Shock-Ignition of Direct-Drive Double-Shell non-cryogenic target is also addressed. 2D results concerning the LMJ irradiation geometry are presented. Few systematic analyses are performed for the fuel assembly irradiation uniformity using the whole LMJ configuration or a part of the facility, and for the ignitor spike uniformity. Solutions for fuel assembly and shock ignition on LMJ using 2D calculations are presented. It is shown that high-gain shock-ignition is possible with intensity of each quad less than 1e15 W/cm2but low modes asymmetries displace the ignitor power in the spike towards higher powers.

Systematic Analysis of Direct-Drive Baseline Designs for Shock-Ignition with the Laser Megajoule

Direct-drive inertial confinement thermonuclear fusion consists in illuminating a shell of cryogenic Deuterium and Tritium (DT) mixture with many intense beams of laser light. Capsule is composed of DT gassurrounded by cryogenic DT as combustible fuel. Basic rules are used to define shell geometry from aspect ratio, fuel mass and layers densities. We define baseline designs using two aspect ratio (A=3 and A=5) who complete HiPER baseline design (A=7.7). Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of ice DT shell inner radius over DT shell thickness. Low aspect ratio improves hydrodynamics stabilities of imploding shell. Laser impulsion shape and ablator thickness are initially defined by using Lindl (1995) pressure ablation and mass ablation formulae for direct-drive using CH layer as ablator. In flight adiabat parameter is close to one during implosion. Velocitie simplosions chosen are between 260 km/s and 365 km/s. More than thousand calculations are realized for each aspect ratio in order to optimize the laser pulse shape. Calculations are performed using the one-dimensional version of the Lagrangian radiation hydrodynamics FCI2. We choose implosion velocities for each initial aspect ratio, and we compute scaled-target family curves for each one to find self-ignition threshold. Then, we pick points on each curves that potentially product high thermonuclear gain and compute shock ignition in the context of Laser MegaJoule. This systematic analyze reveals many working points which complete previous studies ´allowing to highlight baseline designs, according to laser intensity and energy, combustible mass and initial aspect ratio to be relevant for Laser MegaJoule.

John Deere 6190R Direct Drive, eficiencia y suavidad.

El día 10 de enero tuvimos la oportunidad de evaluar en Olías del Rey (Toledo), el nuevo tractor John Deere 6190R que dispone de recirculación externa refrigerada de gases de escape, y una muy interesante transmisión electromecánica,denominada Direct Drive, reconocida como NovedadTécnica en la última edición de Eima. Nos propusimos como meta verificar la idoneidad de este cambio automático y del sistema de gestión inteligente de potencia en condiciones de trabajo exigentes: con un apero de laboreo secundario accionado a la tdf y en transporte con un remolque de 17.940 kg en condiciones de desnivel acusado,comparándolos con el cambio manual con y sin gestión de potencia.Veamos los resultados.

Systematic analysis of direct-drive baseline designs for shock ignition with the Laser MégaJoule

We present direct-drive target design studies for the laser mégajoule using two distinct initial aspect ratios (A = 34 and A = 5). Laser pulse shapes are optimized by a random walk method and drive power variations are used to cover a wide variety of implosion velocities between 260 km/s and 365 km/s. For selected implosion velocities and for each initial aspect ratio, scaled-target families are built in order to find self-ignition threshold. High-gain shock ignition is also investigated in the context of Laser MégaJoule for marginally igniting targets below their own self-ignition threshold.

Low initial aspect-ratio direct-drive target designs for shock- or self-ignition in the context of the laser Megajoule

Analysis of low initial aspect ratio direct-drive target designs is carried out by varying the implosion velocity and the fuel mass. Starting from two different spherical targets with a given 300?g-DT mass, optimization of laser pulse and drive power allows to obtain a set of target seeds referenced by their peak implosion velocities and initial aspect ratio (A = 3 and A = 5). Self-ignition is achieved with higher implosion velocity for A = 5-design than for A = 3-design. Then, rescaling is done to extend the set of designs to a huge amount of mass, peak kinetic energies and peak areal densities. Self-ignition kinetic energy threshold Ek is characterized by a dependance of Ek ? v? with ?-values which depart from self-ignition models. Nevertheless, self-ignition energy is seen lower for smaller initial aspect ratio. An analysis of Two-Plasmons Decay threshold and Rayleigh?Taylor instability e-folding is carried out and it is shown that two-plasmon decay threshold is always overpassed for all designs. The hydrodynamic stability analysis is performed by embedded models to deal with linear and non-linear regime. It is found that the A = 5-designs are always at the limit of disruption of the shell.

Optimal laser intensity profiles for a uniform target illumination in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion

A numerical method providing the optimal laser intensity profiles for a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion scheme has been developed. The method provides an alternative approach to phase-space optimization studies, which can prove computationally expensive. The method applies to a generic irradiation configuration characterized by an arbitrary number NB of laser beams provided that they irradiate the whole target surface, and thus goes beyond previous analyses limited to symmetric configurations. The calculated laser intensity profiles optimize the illumination of a spherical target. This paper focuses on description of the method, which uses two steps: first, the target irradiation is calculated for initial trial laser intensities, and then in a second step the optimal laser intensities are obtained by correcting the trial intensities using the calculated illumination. A limited number of example applications to direct drive on the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) are described.

A resistance emulation approach to optimize the wave energy harvesting for a direct drive point absorber

In general, a major challenge for the exploitation of renewable energies is to improve their efficiency. In electricity generation from the energy of ocean waves, not unlike other technologies, the converter must be optimized to make the energy harvesting economically feasible. This paper proposes a passive tuning control strategy of a point absorber in which the power captured is maximized by controlling the electromagnetic force of the generator with a resistance emulation approach. The proposed strategy consists of mapping the optimal values for regular waves and applying them to irregular waves. This strategy is tested in a wave energy converter in which the generator is connected to a boost rectifier converter whose controller is designed to emulate a resistance. The power electronics system implemented is validated by comparing its performance with the case in which the generator is directly connected to a resistive load. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy as the maximum captured power is concentrated around the optimal values previously calculated and with the same behavior for both excitations.

Somatic polyploidization and cellular proliferation drive body size evolution in nematodes

Most of the hypodermis of a rhabditid nematode such as Caenorhabditis elegans is a single syncytium. The size of this syncytium (as measured by body size) has evolved repeatedly in the rhabditid nematodes. Two cellular mechanisms are important in the evolution of body size: changes in the numbers of cells that fuse with the syncytium, and the extent of its acellular growth. Thus nematodes differ from mammals and other invertebrates in which body size evolution is caused by changes in cell number alone. The evolution of acellular syncytial growth in nematodes is also associated with changes in the ploidy of hypodermal nuclei. These nuclei are polyploid as a consequence of iterative rounds of endoreduplication, and this endocycle has evolved repeatedly. The association between acellular growth and endoreduplication is also seen in C. elegans mutations that interrupt transforming growth factor-β signaling and that result in dwarfism and deficiencies in hypodermal ploidy. The transforming growth factor-β pathway is a candidate for being involved in nematode body size evolution.