Evaluación de aspectos agronómicos, químicos-nutricionales y tecnológicos de lupinos y quínoas. Agronomic, chemical-nutritional and technological evaluation of lupin and quinoa grain crops.

Este proyecto desarrolla estudios multidisciplinarios para contribuir con información avalada por métodos científicos, a propuestas de desarrollos regionales agronómicos y de tecnología de alimentos en la provincia de Córdoba. Se propone realizar evaluaciones de factibilidad de cultivo de variedades de lupinos y quínoas en parcelas experimentales y huertas, verificar las características químico-nutricionales de los granos y establecer mecanismos tecnológicos, para poder presentar productos alimenticios viables de comercialización. Estos granos, poco conocidos en los hábitos nutricionales actuales, fueron considerados desde la antigüedad por distintas civilizaciones, como importantes fuentes de alimento vegetal. En la actualidad la necesidad de contar con nuevas fuentes de alimentos provenientes de sistemas auto-sustentables y manufacturación artesanal, ha llevado investigar alternativas de nuevos cultivos y a revalorizar aquellos que han sucumbido a las tecnologías modernas. Tanto los granos de quínoa como la de los lupinos han cobrado interés a nivel internacional por su alto valor nutricional, farmacológico y por sus cualidades de plantas rústicas a los manejos de cultivo. Es por esas razones, que se propone desarrollar un proyecto de investigación con transferencia de tecnología, para contar con experiencias que permitan establecer los lineamientos agronómicos y de tecnología de alimentos necesarios para promover los granos de lupinos y quínoas dentro de los planes nutricionales de nuestra sociedad. La importancia de este proyecto se fundamenta en la necesidad de buscar nuevas alternativas de cultivos que se adapten a los recursos de clima y suelo en áreas rurales de las sierras de Córdoba y promover nuevos emprendimientos relacionados con los sectores agrícolas y de la alimentación. Para su mejor desarrollo el proyecto está diagramado en tres módulos que cubren las siguientes áreas: Módulo 1, ensayos de cultivo en parcelas experimentales y huertas comunales; Módulo 2, análisis químicos-nutricionales; Módulo 3, diseño y adaptación de equipamiento para la manufacturación de alimentos. La metodología de investigación está ampliamente respaldada por la experiencia que cuenta el equipo de trabajo en los módulos propuestos y que puede ser verificada en la producción científica plasmada en trabajos publicados en revistas con referato nacionales e internacionales, presentaciones a congresos y direcciones de tesis.

Desarrollo tecnológico de germoplasma a partir de plantas nativas ornamentales: los casos de Glandularia y Solidago. Technological development of native ornamental germoplasm: the cases of Solidago and Glandularia genera.

Un importante número de especies ornamentales que se cultivan en el mundo derivan de germoplasma Sudamericano. El uso de Recursos Genéticos nativos para el desarrollo de plantas ornamentales ha sido escasamente explotado en Argentina, por lo que el país no ha tenido beneficio alguno. El sector depende de variedades desarrolladas en el exterior lo que implica el pago de regalías inclusive para el caso de variedades derivadas de especies nativas argentinas. Las poblaciones naturales (distintas especies de Glandularia, distintos ecotipos de Solidago) presentan, una considerable variabilidad en distintos caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos que les permiten sobrevivir en ambientes con distintas condiciones climáticas, edáficas, bióticas, etc. Es por ello que, a partir de dicha variabilidad existente en las poblaciones naturales, será posible seleccionar individuos con caracteres de alto valor ornamental. Si bien el valor ornamental de los géneros Glandularia y Solidago es reconocido, no se han realizado avances en el conocimiento de su biología floral o su potencialidad para generar variabilidad en el país, aunque se conoce el éxito económico de las variedades comerciales desarrolladas en el exterior. Los objetivos del presente proyecto serán lograr avances en la obtención de variedades ornamentales o clones noveles a partir de especies nativas a través de la selección de genotipos superiores e hibridaciones interespecíficas en Glandularia y la domesticación, caracterización y selección de clones superiores y/o noveles en Solidago. La metodología para lograr dichos objetivos será: recolección de germoplasma en zonas de distribución, identificación taxonómica, domesticación, caracterización y mejoramiento genético clásico. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán determinar la aptitud combinatoria de las especies del género Glandularia, como así también aportar elementos científicos básicos para encarar futuros trabajos de mejoramiento, entre ellos, se deberá poder identificar las barreras a la hibridación interespecífica (pre o post cigóticas). Estos conocimientos resultan básicos e indispensables en el momento de establecer estrategias racionales para la superación de las barreras a la hibridación. En el género Solidago, los resultados obtenidos son permitirán establecer una base genética lo suficientemente amplia como para establecer los lineamientos necesario para el logro de nuevas variedades ornamentales. A partir de este proyecto se podrá disponer de material con distintos grados de desarrollo: colecciones de los géneros Glandularia y Solidago caracterizadas, domesticadas y materiales avanzados en el mejoramiento. Estos productos contribuirán al mayor conocimiento de la flora nativa ornamental, colaborarán con la sustentabilidad del sistema agroecológico, permitirán la formación de recursos humanos, el fortalecimiento del grupo y su integración con el sector productivo.

Caracterización de moléculas de rizobacterias y de leguminosas con alto impacto productivo y tecnológico en la provincia de Córdoba. Characterization of rhizobacteria and legumes molecules with high production and technological impact in the province of Córdoba.

La provincia de Córdoba cuenta con alto desarrollo agrícola a base de cereales y leguminosas, como por ejemplo el maní. Pero este cultivo con los años ha trasladado su zona de siembra original y se ha extendido hacia otras áreas de mayor riesgo ambiental a raíz de la implantación de la soja. Diversas son las consecuencias de estas dos acciones y que se extienden desde lo agroecológico hasta lo científico-técnico. Este previo estado del arte y las referencias bibliográficas que apuntan a la necesitad de aumentar el valor agregado de los cultivos, nos ha llevado a formular una hipótesis de trabajo y es que las plantas de maní y soja así como las rizobacterias que se asocian con ellas, son productoras de diversas moléculas con potencial uso biológico en la productividad del cultivo y en aplicaciones tecnológicas, biológicas e industriales. Sumado a lo anterior y a las ideas gubernamentales de la necesidad de obtener conocimiento y capitalizarlo como riqueza, y la imperiosa urgencia de responder a demandas regionales, se presenta este proyecto cuyo objetivo general apunta a estudiar la producción de diversas moléculas de rizobacterias y leguminosas con el fin de mejorar la productividad de los cultivos y desarrollar nuevas aplicaciones tecnológicas en la provincia de Córdoba. Para cumplir dentro de los dos años de trabajo solicitados con lo expuesto anteriormente, la investigación será dividida en objetivos específicos y que consisten en investigar la producción de moléculas de raíces de maní y soja, analizar la respuesta microbiana a las rizodeposiciones de ambas leguminosas y evaluar el posible papel biológico y aplicación tecnológica de moléculas de ambos tipos de organismos. Nuestro grupo es de caracter multidisciplinar y ahondará en la diversidad molecular producida por raíces de maní y soja en direfentes días y la respuesta de las rizobacterias que se asocian ellas utilizando técnicas químicas (HPLC, GC, GC-masa) y herramientas microbiológicas y bioquímicas clásicas. Con fines de aplicación tecnológica se determinará la posible acción antioxidante de los extractos vegetales sobre sistemas modelos de ensayo así como la búsqueda de enzimas y hormonas microbianas aplicables en otros campos de la ciencia. De esta forma se pretende atender algunas demandas de diferentes sectores del centro sur de Córdoba y del país pero fundamentalmente posibilitar nuevas aplicaciones de las leguminosas y de las rizobacterias además de permitir la formación académicas de alumnos de grado y posgrado de la UNRC. The province of Cordoba has high agricultural development based on cereals and legumes such as peanuts. But the crop over the years has transferred his original planting area and has spread to other areas of greatest environmental risk following the introduction of soybeans. The previous state and regional art references that point to the necessity of increasing the value-added crops, has led us to formulate a working hypothesis is that the peanut and soybean plants and rhizobacteria associated with they are products of various biological molecules with potential use in crop productivity and biological technology and industrial applications. The general objective is aimed at studying the production of various molecules and legumes rhizobacteria to improve crop productivity and develop new technological applications in the Cordoba province. This form is intended to meet some demands of different sectors of the center south of Cordoba and the country but enabling new applications of legumes and rhizobacteria in addition to allowing the academic training of undergraduates and graduate of the UNRC.

Collaboration process design for ideation in distributed environments : approaches to support collaborative ideation in global virtual groups using technological support

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Informatik, Diss., 2012

Effects of anthropogenic impacts on benthic macroinvertebrates assemblages in subtropical mountain streams

The nature of the riparian and surrounding landscape has been modified by anthropogenic activities, which may subsequently alter the composition and functional structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages. The effect of these changes on function of benthic fauna is difficult to assess due to the scarce knowledge on functional structures in tropical streams. In this study we evaluate whether sites impacted and unimpacted by anthropogenic alterations differed in assemblage composition and density, richness and diversity of each functional feeding group. The selection of the sites was related to their distinct riparian characteristics, following the QBRy riparian quality index. Collector-gatherer was the dominant functional feeding group, comprising 91% of total density, whereas the proportion of shredders was very low, representing less of 0.5% of total density. Asemblage composition of macroinvertebrates differed between impacted and unimpacted sites. Predators were dominant in taxa number, representing about 60% of total taxa richness. In addition, the diversity and richness of collector-gatherers differed significantly between degraded and unimpacted sites, reflecting the sensitivity of this group to environmental changes and the utility to be used in the assessment of anthropogenic modifications. The results of this study reinforce the idea that riparian corridor management is critical for the distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages as well as functional organization of lotic streams.

Science policy : USA/USSR / [report prepared for National Science Foundation, Directorate for Scientific, Technological and International Affairs, Division of International Programs].

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Collaboration strategies and technological innovation: a contractual perspective of the relationship between firms and techonological centers

In this paper, a theoretical framework for analyzing the selection of governance structures for implementing collaboration agreements between firms and Technological Centers is presented and empirically discussed. This framework includes Transaction Costs and Property Rights’ theoretical assumptions, though complemented with several proposals coming from the Transactional Value Theory. This last theory is used for adding some dynamism in the governance structure selection. As empirical evidence of this theoretical explanation, we analyse four real experiences of collaboration between firms and one Technological Center. These experiences are aimed to represent the typology of relationships which Technological Centers usually face. Among others, a key interesting result is obtained: R&D collaboration activities do not need to always be organized through hierarchical solutions. In those cases where future expected benefits and/or reputation issues could play an important role, the traditional more static theories could not fully explain the selected governance structure for managing the R&D relationship. As a consequence, these results justify further research about the adequacy of the theoretical framework presented in this paper in other contexts, for example, R&D collaborations between firms and/or between Universities or Public Research Centers and firms.

Ecological and Economic Impacts within the Environmental Input-Output Framework

The environmental input-output approach reveals the channels through which the environmental burdens of production activities are transmitted throughout the economy. This paper uses the input-output framework and analyses the changes in Spanish emission multipliers during the period 1995-2000. By decomposing the global changes in multipliers into different components, it is possible to evaluate separately the economic and ecological impacts captured by the environmental input-output model. Specifically, in this study we distinguish between the effects on multipliers caused by changes in emission coefficients (the ecological impacts) and the effects on multipliers caused by changes in technical coefficients (the economic impacts). Our results show a significant improvement in the ecological impacts of production activities, which contributed negatively to changes in emission multipliers. They also show a deterioration in the economic impacts, which contributed positively to changes in emission multipliers. Together, these two effects lead to a small reduction in global multipliers during the period of analysis. Our results also show significant differences in the individual behaviour of different sectors in terms of their contribution to multiplier changes. Since there are considerable differences in the way individual sectors affect the changes in emission levels, and in the intensity of these effects, this means that the final effects will basically depend on the activity considered. Keywords: emission multipliers, multipliers' changes, ecological impacts, economic impacts.

Technological trampolines for new venture creation in Catalonia: the case of the University of Girona

Recent trends in technology transfer show an intensification of spin-off creation as a modality of university research commercialisation, complementary to the conventional ones, contract research and licensing. In this paper we analyse the evolution, objectives, resources and activities of a specialised unit –Technological Trampoline (TT) - in charge of new venture creation at the University of Girona (Catalonia-Spain). Based on two theoretical frameworks, Resource-based-view and Institutional Theory, we adopt a multi-dimensional approach to study the strategy of spinning-off new ventures at the University of Girona in terms of resources and activities, how this process is organised and if the outputs fit with this UdG’s objectives and the local environment. Our main contribution is an in-depth analysis of the spin-off creation unit with special emphasis on its variety of resources and activities. The results have a series of implications and recommendations at both university and TT level.

Economic impacts of alternative water policy scenarios in the Spanish production system: an input-output analysis

The objective of this paper is to analyse the economic impacts of alternative water policies implemented in the Spanish production system. The methodology uses two versions of the input-output price model: a competitive formulation and a mark-up formulation. The input-output framework evaluates the impact of water policy measures on production prices, consumption prices, intermediate water demand and private welfare. Our results show that a tax on the water used by sectors considerably reduces the intermediate water demand, and increases the production and consumption prices. On the other hand, according to Jevons' paradox, an improvement in technical efficiency, which leads to a reduction in the water requirements of all sectors and an increase in water production, increases the amount of water consumed. The combination of a tax on water and improved technical efficiency takes the pressure off prices and significantly reduces intermediate water demand. JEL Classification: C67 ; D57 ; Q25. Keywords: Production prices; Consumption prices; Water uses; Water policy; Water taxation.

Socio-economic impacts and assessment biological invasions

Biological invasions have been object of ecological research for years. As one objective, natural scientists investigate the effects of invasive species on ecosystems and their functioning (Levine et al. 2003). However, impacts on ecosystems are also of relevance for society. Changes in ecosystems affect humans in so far as ecosystems provide goods and services, such as fresh water, food and fibbers or recreation, which might be altered due to invasive species. Therefore impacts of biological invasions should be an object of socio-economic interest, which is also demanded by the Convention on Biological Diversity

Between specialization and globalization. The marketing of agrarian products and its environmental impacts seen from a historical perspective: the province of Barcelona in the mid-nineteenth century

Ecological economics has five good reasons to consider that economic globalisation, spurred by commercial and financial fluxes, to be one of the main driving forces responsible for causing environmental degradation to our planet. The first, is the energy consumption and the socio-environmental impacts which long-distance haulage entails. The second, is the ever-increasing flow of goods to far-away destinations which renders their recycling practically impossible. This is particularly significant, because it prevents the metabolic lock of the nutrients present in food and other agrarian products from taking place. The third, is that the high degree of specialization attained in agriculture, forestry, cattle, mining and industry in each region, generates deleterious effects not only on the eco-landscape structure of the uses of the soil, but on the capability to provide habitat and environmental functions to maintain biodiversity as well

The Appraisal of projects with environmental impacts. Efficiency and Sustainability

It is usually assumed that the appraisal of the impacts experienced by present generations does not entail any difficulty. However, this is not true. Moreover, there is not a widely accepted methodology for taking these impacts into account. Some of the controversial issues are: the appropriate value for the discount rate, the choice of the units for expressing the impacts, physical or monetary units -income, consumption or investment- and the valuation of tangible and intangible goods. When approaching the problem of very long term impacts, there is also the problem of valuing the impacts experienced by future generations, through e.g., the use of an intergenerational discount rate. However, if this were the case, the present generation perspective would prevail, as if all the property rights on the resources were owned by them. Therefore, the sustainability requirement should also be incorporated into the analysis. We will analyze these problems in this article and show some possible solutions.

The keys to success: the social, sporting, economic and communications impact of Barcelona'92

This book is a collection of articles which analyze the sporting, social, political, communicative, urban, technological and economic impacts of the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games.