Relações radiométricas no terço superior da copa de cafeeiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Condutância estomática como indicador de estresse hídrico em feijão

O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os indicadores de estresse hídrico, bem como seu efeito na cultura do feijão, por meio da condutância estomática. O experimento foi realizado na Área Experimental de Irrigação da Universidade Estadual Paulista - Jaboticabal, no ano agrícola de 2000. Foram estudados quatro tratamentos de irrigação com níveis crescentes de ETm: (T1) ETm acumulada = 22 mm; (T2) ETm acumulada = 33 mm; (T3) ETm acumulada = 44 mm; (T4) ausência de irrigação. Nas plantas com suprimento adequado de água, os maiores valores de condutância estomática ocorreram por volta do meio-dia solar, atingindo cerca de 159 e 174 mmol m-2 s-1, para T1 e T2, respectivamente, enquanto nos tratamentos T3 e T4, os maiores valores encontrados foram de 83 e 52 mmol m-2 s-1, respectivamente. A condutância estomática ao longo do ciclo apresentou valor máximo de 165 mmol m-2 s-1 para o tratamento T4, enquanto para T1 e T2 os valores máximos obtidos variaram de 179 a 183 mmol m-2 s-1. A temperatura da folha e a transpiração apresentaram estreita relação com a resistência estomática, enquanto a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa não diferiu entre os tratamentos.

Irradiance stress responses of gas exchange and antioxidant enzyme contents in pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.] plants

We evaluated the growth and development of the medicinal species Pothomorphe umbellata ( L.) Miq. under different shade levels ( full sun and 30, 50, and 70 % shade, marked as I(100), I(70), I(50), and I(30), respectively) and their effects on gas exchange and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Photosynthetically active radiation varied from 1 254 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) at I(100) to 285 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) at I(30). Stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and relative chlorophyll (Chl) content were maximal in I(70) plants. Plants grown under I(100) produced leaves with lower Chl content and signs of chlorosis and necrosis. These symptoms indicated Chl degradation induced by the generation of reactive oxygen species. Stress related antioxidant enzyme activities ( Mn-SOD, Fe-SOD, and Cu/Zn-SOD) were highest in I(100) plants, whereas catalase activity was the lowest. Hence P. umbellata is a shade species ( sciophyte), a feature that should be considered in reforestation programs or in field plantings for production of medicinal constituents.

Water productivity assessment by using MODIS images and agrometeorological data in the Petrolina municipality, Brazil

The municipality of Petrolina, located in the semi-arid region of Brazil, is highlighted as an important agricultural growing region, however the irrigated areas have cleared natural vegetation inducing a loss of biodiversity. To analyze the contrast between these two ecosystems the large scale values of biomass production (BIO), evapotranspiration (ET) and water productivity (WP) were quantified. Monteithś equation was applied for estimating the absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), while the new SAFER (Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving) algorithm was used to retrieve ET. The water productivity (WP) was analysed by the ratio of BIO by ET at monthly time scale with four bands of MODIS satellite images together with agrometeorological data for the year of 2011. The period with the highest water productivity values were from March to April in the rainy period for both irrigated and not irrigated conditions. However the largest ET rates were in November for irrigated crops and April for natural vegetation. More uniformity of the vegetation and water variables occurs in natural vegetation, evidenced by the lower values of standard deviation when comparing to irrigated crops, due to the different crop stages, cultural and irrigation managements. The models applied with MODIS satellite images on a large scale are considered to be suitable for water productivity assessments and for quantifying the effects of increasing irrigated areas over natural vegetation on regional water consumption in situations of quick changing land use pattern. © 2012 SPIE.

Radiciações e frações solares UV, PAR, IV em estufa de polietileno: evolução anual média mensal diária e equações de estimativa

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Medida e modelos da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa global, direta na incidência e horizontal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação agrometeorológica do cultivo de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) em ambientes protegido e a campo, em ciclos de outono-inverno e primavera-verão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modelagem das radiações global, difusa e fotossinteticamente ativa em ambiente protegido e suas relações com o crescimento e produtividade da cultura de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Crescimento de grama-esmeraldo em diferentes exposições e declinvidades

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Functional traits of selected mangrove species in Brazil as biological indicators of different environmental conditions

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

PEBD difusor nas características produtivas e fisiológicas de pimenteiro enxertado em função da densidade de plantas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Diverse urban plantings managed with sufficient resource availability can increase plant productivity and arthropod diversity

Buildings structures and surfaces are explicitly being used to grow plants, and these "urban plantings" are generally designed for aesthetic value. Urban plantings also have the potential to contribute significant "ecological values" by increasing urban habitat for animals such as arthropods and by increasing plant productivity. In this study, we evaluated how the provision of these additional ecological values is affected by plant species richness; the availability of essential resources for plants, such as water, light, space; and soil characteristics. We sampled 33 plantings located on the exterior of three buildings in the urban center of Brisbane, Australia (subtropical climatic region) over 2, 6 week sampling periods characterized by different temperature and rainfall conditions. Plant cover was estimated as a surrogate for productivity as destructive sampling of biomass was not possible. We measured weekly light levels (photosynthetically active radiation), plant CO2 assimilation, soil CO2 efflux, and arthropod diversity. Differences in plant cover were best explained by a three-way interaction of plant species richness, management water regime and sampling period. As the richness of plant species increased in a planter, productivity and total arthropod richness also increased significantly likely due to greater habitat heterogeneity and quality. Overall we found urban plantings can provide additional ecological values if essential resources are maintained within a planter such as water, light and soil temperature. Diverse urban plantings that are managed with these principles in mind can contribute to the attraction of diverse arthropod communities, and lead to increased plant productivity within a dense urban context.

Influência de protetores físicos coloridos nas trocas gasosas de Canafístula (Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.)

The aim of this experiment was to study the influence of transparent, blue and red tree shelters on gas exchanges of canafístula’s (Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.) seedlings. This study was carried out in Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, U ESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experiment design was randomized blocks, with 5 replications, each one containing 6 units of each treatment (nonsheltered, transparent tree shelters, blue tree shelters and red tree shelters). The evaluations of gas exchanges were made through an infrared gas analyzer. It follows that the tree shelters use may limit the photosynthesis, increase the transpiration and stomatal opening, besides reducing the water use efficiency. The colored tree shelters use created unfavorable conditions for the development, reducing the photosynthesis, because they reflected the blue and red wavelengths, allowing only the passage of the other components of the white light or of the photosynthetically active radiation

Intensidades luminosas e profundidade de Semeadura na emergência e desenvolvimento de espécies de plantas daninhas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aplicação de biofertilizante, composto e uréia na produção de capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) sob irrigação

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV