Diplomacia, integração e desenvolvimento: Brasil e Argentina (1950-1962)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação técnica de tubos emissores para irrigação localizada

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

A Educação Rumo à Parceria Público Privada

O processo do neoliberalismo revela, no seu momento mais intenso, a submissão de todos os níveis da vida humana a transações mercantis, a inclinação capitalista à mercantilização mundial. Desse modo, as propostas neoliberais objetivam, sobretudo, a criação de um sentimento único para garantir o sucesso de seus ideais de globalização, de livre-economia e de Estado mínimo, não interventor nas políticas sociais, mas servidor do mercado. Dentre os artifícios utilizados pelos propositores neoliberais encontram-se as Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs) com as quais este artigo se ocupa. A partir da conceituação e da caracterização do instrumento Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs), foram analisados projetos nacionais e europeus desenvolvidos através das PPPs.Os temas desses projetos envolvem Tecnologia de Informática e Comunicação e eLearning (ensino + tecnologia + a distância). As reflexões evidenciaram que as parcerias entre governos e empresas multinacionais podem levar a uma perda de controle por parte do Estado sobre a formação educacional dos cidadãos e da perda de identidade de seus currículos. Por outro lado, essas parcerias trazem ganhos políticos aos Estados e econômicos às empresas.

Substituição de importações e as origens da indústria petrolífera no Brasil

The aim of this article is to introduce the context when was created the Brazilian oil industry during the period known as “process of substitution of importation”, under influence of the 1930´s Liberal Revolution. The absence of national private capital, ally to disinterest of multinationals oil companies for developing this sector, particularly during the 1930´s, forced Brazilian State to structuralize a system to regulate and to stimulate oil production from a new entity: the National Oil Council, which takes for itself the task to building the Brazilian oil industry during the period 1938-1953.

Estudo da malha urbana e proposta de implantação de um parque tecnológico na cidade de Jacareí

The city of Jacareí above average presents a economic growth of the State of São Paulo, fact that comes if reflecting in the quality of life of the citizens, due to lack of infrastructure to hold the growth rhythm. Today the commercial center of the city, presents diverse urban conflicts with its narrow streets and sidewalk making it difficult to the locomotion and the access the areas and building of public interest gifts in this region. Aiming at the arrival of four multinationals that already make gratings investments in the city and the promise of growth and dinamização of the still bigger economy for the next years, this work studies the urban mesh of the city for a possible implantation of a Technological Park that serves of inductive element of the development of the region north of the city of Jacareí. Place, in which, they are being constructed the multinationals and where, according to Managing Plan of the city, the city hall intends to urbanizar in the next years, with the objective to minimize the areas of urban conflict in the commercial center and of form to absorb the growth of the city. From the study of old experiences, of works carried through on the subject, interviews with city planners of the e region after visits to the place, we will go to argue the possibility of implantation of the Technological Park in Jacareí and optimum place for its installation

Bioimperialismo e direito de propriedade intelectual: disputas pelo acesso ao cupuaçu e ao conhecimento tradicional

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

A política externa estadunidense no atual quadro político sul-americano

The central thesis that we aim to survey in this paper is that the present South-American political scene has required of the American imperialism a strategical redesign, in the sense of the neutralization, weakening and, if it is possible, destruction of regional political experiences/tendencies not aligned to its foreign politics. Under the mask of the defense of democracy and beneath the argument that Latin American "market oriented politics" are at stake, due to questions that goes back from the "delin-quency" —in Mexico—, the global terrorism, the organized international crime up to the worldwide drug traffic, the global strategy of American imperialism then sets up the definition of a new doctrine of preventive war that justifies the utilization of hard power against any country, in the name of its own defense. At the heart of the question what —actually— is in the agenda is the defense (and reproduction) of the benefits of its multinationals corporations and financial capital, by means of the international sub-traction of profitable assets, such as financial, energetic, communicational and natural resources, in addition to the domination of local markets, beyond facilitating capital flee amongst others.

Is production the core competence for the internationalization of emerging country firms?

The rise of new multinationals in countries like Brazil provides an opportunity to revisit and carefully construct theories of how firms internationalize, a topic on which extant theory is weak. Brazilian firms are "infant multinationals", unlike developed country firms that are "mature multinationals". They are also internationalizing in a very different global context, and can do so on the basis of different competitive advantages than multinationals that came before. Therefore, this study aims at creating subsidies for theory building about early-stage internationalization. Emerging country firms have Production competences as main competitive asset to internationalize, what reflects their competitive positioning in home markets and their entry strategy in international markets. In the case of early-entrants - Western multinationals in the 1950s and Japanese in the 1980s - the Production competence played a key role for successful internationalization. Thus, the focus of the study is the role that the Production competence plays in the internationalization of late-entrants, the emerging country multinationals. The research design considers not only the position of the headquarters but also the initiatives of the subsidiaries and the dynamic interplay between both. The paper allows a better understanding of internationalization processes and the role of Production, when firms start building their own international networks. It brings relevant insights about the paths that are being followed by emerging country multinationals, the difficulties they find, the solutions they develop. These are important inputs not only for new theory building but also for managerial practice. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

IINTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR AN EMERGING MULTINATIONAL IN BRAZIL: THE CASE OF JBS

The focus of this study is on questioning whether the traditional theories of internationalization are adequate to explain the international expansion of multinationals from emerging countries. Looking forward on this issue, we investigate the internationalization strategies adopted by JBS, a Brazilian multinational of the beef industry. The results show that the company adopted two of the five generic strategies specific to the context of emerging countries suggested by Ramamurti and Singh (2009): global consolidator and vertical integrator. Moreover, when analyzing the internationalization of the company under study, the speed of the process is highlighted when compared to traditional multinationals. It is concluded that the main mode of entry that allowed the international expansion was the acquisition and that this strategy has advantages to the company, such as access to strategic resources and rapid growth, possibly overcoming the liability of foreignness, the opportunity to compete globally and the diversification of segments that generate synergies to the company's activities.

Challenges for Brazilian MNCs' international human resources management

Multinationals from emerging countries such as Brazil now take the path of internationalisation where early movers have already been. However, these companies have to develop new tools to deal with their own challenges, since they come from countries with different historical backgrounds and specificities. This paper explores challenges for Brazilian MNCs in terms of HRM when operating abroad. It presents the results of six cases of Brazilian MNCs through a grounded theory study. Results show these companies had to deal with their former economic turbulence, shortage of qualified workforce to work internationally and the need to develop HRM competencies to operate globally.

Estratégia internacional de uma multinacional emergente brasileira: o caso JBS

Este estudo preocupa-se em questionar se as teorias tradicionais de internacionalização são adequadas para explicar a expansão internacional das multinacionais de países emergentes. Procurando avançar nessa questão, investigam-se as estratégias de internacionalização adotadas pela JBS, multinacional brasileira do setor frigorífico. Os resultados evidenciam que a empresa adotou duas das cinco estratégias genéricas específicas ao contexto de países emergentes sugeridas por Ramamurti e Singh (2009): consolidador global e integrador vertical. Além disso, ao analisar a internacionalização da empresa em estudo, chama atenção a velocidade do processo, em comparação às multinacionais tradicionais. Conclui-se que o principal modo de entrada que possibilitou a expansão internacional foi a aquisição e que essa trouxe vantagens à empresa, como o acesso a recursos estratégicos, o crescimento rápido, a possível superação da liability of foreignness, a oportunidade para competir globalmente e a diversificação dos segmentos de atuação que geram sinergias às atividades da empresa.

Industrial Restructuring in the Budapest agglomeration

The major 'motor' of the recent Hungarian industrial development has been foreign direct investment, particularly by multinational companies. This has stimulated the development process, as shown by the dynamism of production, exports and profitability of industry in Budapest. On the other hand, this has also led to a split of the industrial sphere into its foreign and domestic sections, or into foreign-owned companies and domestic SMEs. The major question asked in this project is where is Hungarian industry heading and will the gap between the contracting domestic part and the foreign multinationals continue to widen or will they be joined in a much more favourable scenario. Barta sees this as a question of whether Hungary can avoid the 'dead-end street' of South Asian industrialising countries, and instead move towards a new Eastern European or Hungarian model. He concludes that Budapest industry does not follow any given model and indeed its development probably cannot be seen as a 'model' proper in itself, but is, or will be, a mixture of different elements. This would be a welcome fusion of Hungary's rich human resources of accumulated knowledge with foreign direct investment. Budapest would play an exceptional role in such a process, as the gateway for foreign output to the rest of the country. The share of industry in the Budapest economy will continue to decrease, but it will become a more modern and profitable sector. It will also fulfil a technological transfer role between the developed world and the Hungarian countryside (or even a larger region of central and eastern Europe). Barta predicts that Budapest industry will develop a special structure, with a large subcontractor network supporting the large foreign enterprises, and alongside this industrial districts formed by SMEs.

No lo hagas : análisis semiótico del afiche Identidad Corporativa de Ricardo Colombano

Análisis semiótico del afiche Identidad Corporativa de la serie No Logos o Multinacionales, del diseñador Ricardo Colombano, realizado en el año 2005 como integrante del Grupo Grapo. Estudio sintáctico, semántico y pragmático que permite conocer cómo el autor usa el lenguaje del Diseño Gráfico, con un fuerte mensaje de liberación e independencia, para convencer a sus lectores de lo contrario que venden las empresas multinacionales en sus anuncios publicitarios.

Industrial Policy in Asia

This paper examines three types of industrialization that have occurred in East Asia: the Japanese, Chinese and generic Asian models. Industrial policies in Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK) initially protected local companies from foreign investors by imposing high tariffs on foreign investors. But Japan began introducing liberalization policies to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in the 1960s, and the ROK began to welcome foreign technology in the 1970s. Meanwhile, the governments of the ASEAN countries and Taiwan established export-processing zones (EPZ) to invite FDI by offering preferential treatment, such as tax deductions and exemptions. China adopted similar industrial policies and also established EPZs, attracting the capital and know-how of multinationals and thereby strengthening the international competitiveness of local enterprises. This paper reaches the following three conclusions. First, it would have been difficult for East Asian countries to grow without FDI. Second, central governments were a crucial factor in these countries' growth strategies. Third, EPZs offering preferential treatment can effectively enhance aggregate growth in developing countries, and the Asian experience shows that this strategy can be applied to other countries that satisfy certain preconditions.

Tax differentials and inflow of foreign direct investments : evidence from foreign operations of U.S. multinational companies

This paper concerns the measurement of the impact of tax differentials across countries on inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) by using comprehensive data on the foreign operations of U.S. multinational corporations that has been collected by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), the U.S. Department of Commerce. In particular, this research focuses on examining: (1) how responsive FDI locations are to tax differentials across countries, (2) how different the tax effect on FDI inflow is between developed and developing countries, and (3) whether investment location decisions have become more or less sensitive to tax differences between countries over time ranging from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. Estimation results suggest that high rates of corporate income taxation are associated with reduced foreign assets of U.S. multinational firms in all industries by decreasing the return to foreign asset investment. Further, foreign assets of U.S. multinationals in all industries have become more responsive to non-income tax differentials across countries than to income tax differences from 1999 to 2004. Empirical estimates also indicate that foreign investment by American firms is associated with higher tax sensitivity more in developed countries than in those that are developing.