A functional variant in the Stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter enhances fatty acid desaturation in pork

There is growing public concern about reducing saturated fat intake. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the lipogenic enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of oleic acid (18:1) by desaturating stearic acid (18:0). Here we describe a total of 18 mutations in the promoter and 3′ non-coding region of the pig SCD gene and provide evidence that allele T at AY487830:g.2228T>C in the promoter region enhances fat desaturation (the ratio 18:1/18:0 in muscle increases from 3.78 to 4.43 in opposite homozygotes) without affecting fat content (18:0+18:1, intramuscular fat content, and backfat thickness). No mutations that could affect the functionality of the protein were found in the coding region. First, we proved in a purebred Duroc line that the C-T-A haplotype of the 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (g.2108C>T; g.2228T>C; g.2281A>G) of the promoter region was additively associated to enhanced 18:1/18:0 both in muscle and subcutaneous fat, but not in liver. We show that this association was consistent over a 10-year period of overlapping generations and, in line with these results, that the C-T-A haplotype displayed greater SCD mRNA expression in muscle. The effect of this haplotype was validated both internally, by comparing opposite homozygote siblings, and externally, by using experimental Duroc-based crossbreds. Second, the g.2281A>G and the g.2108C>T SNPs were excluded as causative mutations using new and previously published data, restricting the causality to g.2228T>C SNP, the last source of genetic variation within the haplotype. This mutation is positioned in the core sequence of several putative transcription factor binding sites, so that there are several plausible mechanisms by which allele T enhances 18:1/18:0 and, consequently, the proportion of monounsaturated to saturated fat.

Searching for targets for the systemic therapy of mesothelioma.

Malignant mesothelioma is an incurable disease associated with asbestos exposure arising in the pleural cavity and less frequently in the peritoneal cavity. Platinum-based combination chemotherapy with pemetrexed is the established standard of care. Multimodality approaches including surgery and radiotherapy are being investigated. Increasing knowledge about the molecular characteristics of mesothelioma had led to the identification of novel potential targets for systemic therapy. Current evidence suggests pathways activated in response to merlin deficiency, including Pi3K/mTOR and the focal adhesion kinase, as well as immunotherapeutic approaches to be most promising. This review elaborates on the rationale behind targeted approaches that have been and are undergoing exploration in mesothelioma and summarizes available clinical results and ongoing efforts to improve the systemic therapy of mesothelioma.

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 Controls CD8 T Cell Memory Differentiation in a Foxo1-Dependent Manner.

Upon infection, antigen-specific naive CD8 T cells are activated and differentiate into short-lived effector cells (SLECs) and memory precursor cells (MPECs). The underlying signaling pathways remain largely unresolved. We show that Rictor, the core component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), regulates SLEC and MPEC commitment. Rictor deficiency favors memory formation and increases IL-2 secretion capacity without dampening effector functions. Moreover, mTORC2-deficient memory T cells mount more potent recall responses. Enhanced memory formation in the absence of mTORC2 was associated with Eomes and Tcf-1 upregulation, repression of T-bet, enhanced mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, and fatty acid oxidation. This transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming is mainly driven by nuclear stabilization of Foxo1. Silencing of Foxo1 reversed the increased MPEC differentiation and IL-2 production and led to an impaired recall response of Rictor KO memory T cells. Therefore, mTORC2 is a critical regulator of CD8 T cell differentiation and may be an important target for immunotherapy interventions.

La freqüentació a la Tartera del Pedraforca.

La popularització del Pedraforca com a destinació d"excursionistes, escaladors i curiosos en general fa que la freqüentació hi sigui molt alta, cosa que comporta efectes negatius sobre el medi. Els més evidents i alhora preocupants són els que afecten els hàbitats més fràgils, com és cas dels de la conegudíssima tartera del Pedraforca o de Saldes

Nationalekonomi

Samlingen med signum HB VIb finns vid huvudbiblioteket och innehåller litteratur om nationalekonomi till och med år 1999. Bankhistoriker ingår i denna samling. Vid Institutionen för samhällsekonomi och statistik finns dessutom en samling nationalekonomiskt litteratur. Nationalekonomisk litteratur har ingått i bokdonationer såväl från hemlandet som från Sverige. Bland donatorerna kan nämnas Gösta Söderholm, Lars Wasastjerna, J.V.Tallqvist och Tor von Wright. Samlingen har kompletterats med friexemplar som erhållits från 1919. Den nationalekonomiska litteraturen söks i Alma med sökfunktionen Signum och söktermen HB VIb. En del litteratur tryckt före 1980 skall sökas manuellt i huvudbibliotekets systematiska kortkatalog, men retroaktiv inmatning i Alma av litteratur tryckt mellan 1830 och 1979 pågår. Från och med år 2000 ingår den nationalekonomiska litteraturen vid huvudbiblioteket i en numerus currens-samling.

Statskunskap och politik

Samlingen med signum HB VIc1 finns vid huvudbiblioteket och innehåller litteratur om statskunskap och politik till och med år 1999. Liknande litteratur finns i anslutning till ämnet Statskunskap. Litteratur om statskunskap och politik har ingått i bokdonationer såväl från hemlandet som från Sverige. Några donatorer av speciellt stora samlingar statsvetenskaplig litteratur kan nämnas, J.V. Brummer, J.A. Nordman, Rafael Erich, Ernst Estlander, Erik Ehrström och Tor von Wright. Politisk litteratur har donerats av Edvard Öhrnberg, Märta Björkenheim, Rafael Erich, Ernst Estlander, Hjalmar Crohn, Erik Ehrström, Carl von Bonsdorff, Jon Hartman, Allan Wallenius, Nils Källström och Hjalmar J. Procopé. Friexemplar som erhållits från och med år 1919 samt inköp har kompletterat samlingen. Litteraturen i samlingen söks med sökfunktionen Signum och söktermen HB VIc1. Litteratur tryckt före 1980 söks manuellt i den systematiska kortkatalogen. Retroaktiv inmatning i databasen Alma gör att litteratur tryckt mellan 1830 och 1979 med tiden blir sökbar i Alma. Från och med år 2000 ingår litteratur om statskunskap och politik i en numerus currens-samling.

Proceedings of JAC 2010. Journées Automates Cellulaires

The second Symposium on Cellular Automata “Journ´ees Automates Cellulaires” (JAC 2010) took place in Turku, Finland, on December 15-17, 2010. The first two conference days were held in the Educarium building of the University of Turku, while the talks of the third day were given onboard passenger ferry boats in the beautiful Turku archipelago, along the route Turku–Mariehamn–Turku. The conference was organized by FUNDIM, the Fundamentals of Computing and Discrete Mathematics research center at the mathematics department of the University of Turku. The program of the conference included 17 submitted papers that were selected by the international program committee, based on three peer reviews of each paper. These papers form the core of these proceedings. I want to thank the members of the program committee and the external referees for the excellent work that have done in choosing the papers to be presented in the conference. In addition to the submitted papers, the program of JAC 2010 included four distinguished invited speakers: Michel Coornaert (Universit´e de Strasbourg, France), Bruno Durand (Universit´e de Provence, Marseille, France), Dora Giammarresi (Universit` a di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy) and Martin Kutrib (Universit¨at Gie_en, Germany). I sincerely thank the invited speakers for accepting our invitation to come and give a plenary talk in the conference. The invited talk by Bruno Durand was eventually given by his co-author Alexander Shen, and I thank him for accepting to make the presentation with a short notice. Abstracts or extended abstracts of the invited presentations appear in the first part of this volume. The program also included several informal presentations describing very recent developments and ongoing research projects. I wish to thank all the speakers for their contribution to the success of the symposium. I also would like to thank the sponsors and our collaborators: the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, the French National Research Agency project EMC (ANR-09-BLAN-0164), Turku Centre for Computer Science, the University of Turku, and Centro Hotel. Finally, I sincerely thank the members of the local organizing committee for making the conference possible. These proceedings are published both in an electronic format and in print. The electronic proceedings are available on the electronic repository HAL, managed by several French research agencies. The printed version is published in the general publications series of TUCS, Turku Centre for Computer Science. We thank both HAL and TUCS for accepting to publish the proceedings.

Virtual Professional Network as a Value Creator in the Dental Business

The research of virtual professional networks has been enormous but the lack of research in the dental field was obvious. This study focuses on those uses and gratifications, and motives of participants that a virtual pro-fessional network should fulfil. The aim of this study is to understand the factors behind the successful virtual professional network, and motives of participants that support a particular business network’s building up for contributing its further success. In this study the focus is on particular mo-tives, needs and benefits of participants that are significant for the net-work’s further development. The study will explore relevant scientific research and theory that is char-acteristic in networking, and theories of user’s needs and motives. Empiri-cal data was collected from dental professionals by net based question-naire that was sent by e-mail. Data analysis was done by quantitative fac-tor analysis. The findings of this study were obvious that virtual knowledge of implantology is inadequate and knowledge is rather difficult to find in the Internet. Sharing of virtual knowledge, net-learning and communication were seen to improve the quality of impolantological professionalism and also the development of these areas was experienced essential. On the grounds of this study a host of a virtual professional network can focus on those aspects that serve the users at best, can develop professionalism in implantology and can profit in its own business operations.

Jääkiekko-ottelutapahtuman palvelun laatu : case : TuTo Hockey

Tämä tutkielma tehtiin toimeksiantona TuTo Hockeylle. Tutkielmassa tutkitaan palvelun laatua suomalaisessa jääkiekko-ottelutapahtumassa. Sen kartoittamiseksi ja palvelun laadun ymmärtämiseksi asetettiin seuraavat kolme osaongelmaa: • Mistä suomalaisen jääkiekko-ottelutapahtuman palvelun laatu koostuu? • Mitkä palvelun laadun ulottuvuudet ovat tärkeimpiä asiakkaille eli katsojille? • Miten palvelun laatu ja sen ulottuvuudet vaikuttavat kokonaistyytyväisyyteen? Tutkielmassa käydään läpi palvelun laadun mittaamisen eri menetelmiä. Palvelun laatua on tutkittu paljon, mutta urheilukontekstissa kovin vähän ja etenkin katsojaurheiluun liittyviä tutkimuksia on vain muutama. Tutkielman empiirinen osio toteutettiin kvantitatiivisena kyselytutkimuksena TuTo Hockeyn kahdessa kotiottelussa, jotka olivat 12.3.2008 TuTo – SaPKo ja 18.3.2008 TuTo – KooKoo ja internetissä Webrolpol-ohjeman avulla. Tutkimukseen hyväksyttyjä vastauksia tuli kaiken kaikkiaan 327 kappaletta. Näistä Webropolin kautta tuli 182 kappaletta ja loput 145 kpl kerättiin otteluissa TuTo Hockeyn kotiotteluissa. Suomalaisen jääkiekko-ottelutapahtuman palvelun laatu koostuu useista eri asioista. Tutkimusta hankaloitti aiemman tutkimustiedon puute. Koska muut aiemmat tutkimukset oli tehty eri lajeissa ja eri maissa, suora vertaaminen ja aiempien kyselyiden toistaminen ei lajien ja kulttuurien erojen vuoksi ollut mahdollista. Tutkimuksen tuloksista käy ilmi, että TuTo Hockeyn palvelun laatu on korkealla tasolla. Tärkeimpinä palvelun laadun ulottuvuuksina katsojat pitivät Halli- ja Saavutettavuus-ulottuvuuksia. Kokonaistyytyväisyyden kanssa jokainen palvelun laadun ulottuvuus korreloi positiivisesti. Regressioanalyysillä saatiin lisäksi selvitettyä, että suurimmat vaikutukset kokonaistyytyväisyyteen oli Lisäpalvelut ja ohjelma-, Tiedotus- ja Halli-ulottuvuuksilla.

Morfologia e morfometria da traqueia da preguiça (Bradypus variegatus): conhecimentos para procedimentos de emergência

Por ser uma espécie pouco estudada, principalmente do ponto de vista morfológico, objetivou-se conhecer a anatomia da traqueia da preguiça (Bradypus variegatus) a fim de fornecer informações para facilitar a eleição de tubo endotraqueal adequado, máscara laríngea ou cânula de traqueostomia para anestesia e procedimentos de emergência, uma vez que a mesma revelou-se possuidora de uma morfologia especial. Foram investigados 11animais jovens de idades diferentes, sendo quatro machos e sete fêmeas, provenientes do Museu Emilio Goeldi e doados a UFRA. Os exemplares foram perfundidos via intramuscular com solução aquosa de formol a 10% para fins de conservação e posteriormente foram dissecados em nível cervico-torácico, por meio de mesoscopia, expondo-se desde a laringe até os brônquios principais direito e esquerdo ao nível do hilo pulmonar. As traqueias foram divididas em cinco regiões (região cervical, região da primeira flexura, região da segunda flexura, região da terceira flexura e região da carina) as quais foram mensuradas altura e largura, assim como o comprimento traqueal total e parte do material foi submetido à técnicas de rotina histológica. Macroscopicamente, destacou-se a presença de sinuosidades acentuadas em porção médio caudal, contemplando a carina. O comprimento médio traqueal foi de 14,6cm. Microscopicamente, a traqueia era constituída por placas separadas de cartilagem hialina constituindo cada anel, sendo revestido por epitélio estratificado ciliado. Apesar da traqueia da preguiça comum apresentar revestimento padrão encontrado na traqueia de outros animais, na literatura não há registros de outras espécies que tenham morfologia macroscópica nas condições descritas, o que nos leva a sugerir, quando necessário acesso para ventilação de emergência, a prática da IOT e não a de traqueostomia.

Libri Armeniaci Bibliothecae Universitatis Helsingiensis: catalogum ordine litterarum, II [M-Z]

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Catalogus librorum Georgianorum Bibliothecae Universitatis Helsingiensis: catalogum ordine litterarum

Valokopio koneella kirjoitetusta käsikirjoituksesta.

Catalogus librorum Georgianorum Bibliothecae Universitatis Helsingiensis: catalogum ordine litterarum

Valokopio koneella kirjoitetusta käsikirjoituksesta.

Libri Armeniaci Bibliothecae Universitatis Helsingiensis: catalogum ordine litterarum, IV

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