A novel study of the polymerisation process involved in the formation of the network component of polymer-stabilised liquid crystals within electro-optic cells using high performance liquid chromatography

Polymer-stabilised liquid crystals are systems in which a small amount of monomer is dissolved within a liquid crystalline host, and then polymerised in situ to produce a network. The progress of the polymerisation, performed within electro-optic cells, was studied by establishing an analytical method novel to these systems. Samples were prepared by photopolymerisation of the monomer under well-defined reaction conditions; subsequent immersion in acetone caused the host and any unreacted monomer to dissolve. High performance liquid chromatography was used to separate and detect the various solutes in the resulting solutions, enabling the amount of unreacted monomer for a given set of conditions to be quantified. Longer irradiations cause a decrease in the proportion of unreacted monomer since more network is formed, while a more uniform LC director alignment (achieved by decreasing the sample thickness) or a higher level of order (achieved by decreasing the polymerisation temperature) promotes faster reactions.

Determinação de corantes de cabelo e derivados em água e tintura comercial por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Development and validation of a simple, rapid and stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of norfloxacin in a pharmaceutical product

A stability-indication high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of norfloxacin in tablet dosage forms. Optimum separation was achieved in less than 7 minutes using Eclipse Plus Zorbax C18 Agilent, 150 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size column. The analyte was resolved by using a mobile phase 5% acetic acid aqueous solution and methanol (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min on an isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic system at a wavelength of 277 nm. Linearity, system suitability, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, specific, and robustness were established by International Conference Harmonization guidelines. For stress studies the drug was subjected to photolysis, oxidation, acid, alkaline and neutral conditions. The analytical conditions and the solvent developed provided good resolution within a short analysis time and economic advantages. The proposed method not required sophisticated and expensive instrumentation.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR QUANTITATION OF THE DRUG BEVACIZUMAB BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR QUANTITATION OF THE DRUG BEVACIZUMAB BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. In this study, an analytical method was developed and validated for quantitation of the drug bevacizumab (Avastin (R)) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC column was a BioSuite 250 (R) HR SEC, 300 x 7.8 mm x 5 mu m (Waters, USA). The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The results revealed that the method was specific, precise. accurate, robust and linear (r(2) = 0.998) from 5 to 75 mu g mL(-1). Therefore, this method can be used in drug release studies or in quality control ampoules of the drug.

Analysis of llicit and illicit drugs in waste, surface and lake water samples using large volume direct injection high performance liquid chromatography – Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS)

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653510008891

RNA analysis by ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography

Ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IP RP HPLC) is presented as a new, superior method for the analysis of RNA. IP RP HPLC provides a fast and reliable alternative to classical methods of RNA analysis, including separation of different RNA species, quantification and purification. RNA is stable under the analysis conditions used; degradation of RNA during the analyses was not observed. The versatility of IP RP HPLC for RNA analysis is demonstrated. Components of an RNA ladder, ranging in size from 155 to 1770 nt, were resolved. RNA transcripts of up to 5219 nt were analyzed, their integrity determined and they were quantified and purified. Purification of mRNA from total RNA is described, separating mouse rRNA from poly(A)+ mRNA. IP RP HPLC is also suitable for the separation and purification of DIG-labeled from unlabeled RNA. RNA purified by IP RP HPLC exhibits improved stability.

Otimização e validação de métodos empregando DLLME, SPE, HPLC-DAD e LC-ESI-MS/MS para determinação de agrotóxicos em água subterrânea

A preocupação com a poluição das águas por agrotóxicos tem aumentado, visto que aumentou o número de detecções de agrotóxicos em águas. A falta de avaliação da qualidade da água consumida pela população de áreas rurais onde não existe o abastecimento público de água potável, deve ser considerada, pois essas águas se encontram próximo a áreas de cultivo, onde há intensa aplicação de agrotóxicos. Nessas regiões, o abastecimento de água para as residências e para a irrigação é feito geralmente através das águas de poços. Neste trabalho, um método para determinação dos agrotóxicos carbofurano, clomazona, 2,4-D e tebuconazol em água subterrânea foi desenvolvido e validado. O método utilizou a Extração em Fase Sólida (SPE) e determinação por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta eficiência com Detecção por Arranjo de Diodos (HPLC-DAD) e confirmação por Cromatografia Líquida tandem Espectrometria de Massas (LC-MS/MS). Para a SPE utilizou-se cartuchos C18 de 200 mg, e eluição com 1 mL de metanol. Após a otimização dos parâmetros de extração e separação dos compostos, o método foi validado avaliando-se curva analítica, linearidade, limites de detecção e quantificação, precisão (repetitividade e precisão intermediária) e exatidão (recuperação). Todas as curvas analíticas apresentaram valores de r maiores que 0,99. Os LOQs para o método, considerando a etapa de pré-concentração de 250 vezes, foram de 0,2 µg L -1 para todos os agrotóxicos por HPLC-DAD e, por LC-MS/MS, 4,0 ng L -1 para clomazona, carbofurano e tebuconazol e de 40,0 ng L -1 para 2,4-D. As recuperações foram entre 60,3 e 107,7% para a repetitividade e entre 67,5 e 115,3% para a precisão intermediária, com RSD de 0,8 a 20,7% para todos os compostos por HPLC-DAD. Para o LC-MS/MS a precisão em termos de repetitividade, variou entre 0,97 e 20,7%, e as recuperações entre 67,0 e 108,9%. O método foi aplicado na determinação de agrotóxicos em amostras de águas subterrâneas durante um ano. Nas amostras foram detectados agrotóxicos em níveis de µg L -1 . Dentro do contexto atual da Química Analítica, de desenvolver métodos mais rápidos, que utilizem menor quantidade de solvente, de amostra e com altos fatores de enriquecimento, foi otimizado um método de extração para os agrotóxicos carbofurano, clomazona e tebuconazol utilizando a Microextração Líquido-Líquido Dispersiva (DLLME) e determinação por LC-MS/MS. Foram otimizados alguns parâmetros que influenciam no processo de extração, como: tipo e volume dos solventes dispersores e extratores, tempo de extração, força iônica e velocidade de centrifugação. Nas condições otimizadas, as recuperações para os níveis de concentração entre 0,02 e 2,0 g L -1 variaram entre 62,7 e 120,0%, com valores de RSD entre 1,9 e 9,1%. O LOQ do método foi de 0,02 µg L -1 para todos os compostos. Quando comparado com a SPE se demonstrou rápido, simples, de baixo custo, além de necessitar de menores volumes de amostra para determinação de agrotóxicos em águas. O método mostrou-se adequado à análise dos agrotóxicos em água subterrânea e todos os parâmetros de validação obtidos estão dentro dos limites sugeridos para validação de métodos cromatográficos

Spectrum-effect relationships between high performance liquid chromatography fingerprints and bioactivities of charred areca nut

Purpose: To investigate the spectrum-effect relationships between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and duodenum contractility of charred areca nut (CAN) on rats. Methods: An HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprint of charred areca nut (CAN). The promoting effect on contractility of intestinal smooth was carried out to evaluate the duodenum contractility of CAN in vitro. In addition, the spectrum-effect relationships between HPLC fingerprints and bioactivities of CAN were investigated using multiple linear regression analysis (backward method). Results: Fourteen common peaks were detected and peak 3 (5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, 5-HMF) was selected as the reference peak to calculate the relative retention time of 13 other common peaks. In addition, the equation of spectrum-effect relationships {Y = 3.818 - 1.126X1 + 0.817X2 - 0.045X4 - 0.504X5 + 0.728X6 - 0.056X8 + 1.122X9 - 0.247X13 - 0.978X14 (p < 0.05, R2 = 1)} was established in the present study by the multiple linear regression analysis (backward method). According to the equation, the absolute value of the coefficient before X1, X2, X4, X5, X6, X8, X9, X13, X14 was the coefficient between the component and the parameter. Conclusion: The model presented in this study successfully unraveled the spectrum-effect relationship of CAN, which provides a promising strategy for screening effective constituents of areca nut.

Identification of metabolites of kurarinone from Sophora flavescens Ait in rat urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry

Purpose: To study the in vivo metabolism of kurarinone, a lavandulyl flavanone which is a major constituent of Kushen and a marker compound with many biological activities, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap- MS). Methods: Six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. First, kurarinone was suspended in 0.5 % carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) aqueous solution, and was given to rats (n = 3, 2 mL for each rat) orally at 50 mg/kg. A 2 mL aliquot of 0.5 % CMC-Na aqueous solution was administered to the rats in the control group. Next, urine samples were collected over 0-24 h after the oral administrations and all urine samples were pretreated by a solid phase extraction (SPE) method. Finally, all samples were analyzed by a UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry coupled with an electrospray ionization source (ESI) that was operated in the negative ionization mode. Results: A total of 11 metabolites, including the parent drug and 10 phase II metabolites in rat urine, were first detected and interpreted based on accurate mass measurement, fragment ions, and chromatographic retention times. The results were based on the assumption that kurarinone glucuronidation was the dominant metabolite that was excreted in rat urine. Conclusion: The results from this work indicate that kurarinone in vivo is typically transformed to nontoxic glucuronidation metabolites, and these findings may help to characterize the metabolic profile of kurarinone.