962 resultados para heory of constraints
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This thesis is the result of a study on the role of technical assistance in the process of agroecological transition, which are under way in rural settlements in the territory of Mato Grande, Rio Grande do Norte. Your goal is, from the Technical Assistance Program, Social and Environmental (ATES), launched in 2004 by INCRA understand to what extent this action accomplished their goal of doing a job with a focus on agroecology. To this end, we chose to work with a qualitative methodology, through interviews with settlers, advisors and representatives of INCRA. They also contributed to developing this thesis, the direct observations, which offer visits to settlements and advisory bodies in the Rede Pardal, apart from participation in meetings and activities in which they were being discussed the issues of advice, agroecology and rural settlements. The thesis is divided into five chapters, plus introduction and conclusion. The first three refer to a theoretical analysis and historical about the process of land reform, and as a result the establishment of rural settlements, the importance of peasant tradition for the design of agro-ecological design and the relationship between agricultural models and proposals advice to the countryside. In two subsequent chapters, there was a panoramic picture of the territory of Mato Grande, settlements and groups that make up this research, for then analyze the performance of advisory services in these settlements, with the parameter, agroecology. It was found that the advice in this perspective, suffers a series of constraints, causing a gap between the ideal proposed in the manual and the actual practiced in their daily lives. Still, it is concluded that the ATES has contributed to innovations in productive groups who are experiencing agroecological processes, which can be regarded as shoots for the transition to a new dynamic of development.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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A set of constraints on the performance of motor skills is a determinant factor of success in many sport modalities that require from the athlete continuous adaptation to changes in the game context. Taking into account Newell's model of organism (or performer), task and environmental constraints in the acquisition of motor skills (NEWELL, 1986), the focus of this study is the set of changes that take place in motor behavior from the beginner to the high level athlete. In specific, the focus is toward changes in sports settings in which the ball is the center of the game, responsible for the relationship among athletes of the same team as well as between opponents, as in volleyball. The ball, in its trajectory, carries on a set of constraints to the player's behavior. To be able of imposing constraints on the opponent's behavior is so important as to know how to deal with a ball sent to you by the opponent in an unpredictable trajectory.
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Constrained systems in quantum field theories call for a careful study of diverse classes of constraints and consistency checks over their temporal evolution. Here we study the functional structure of the free electromagnetic and pure Yang-Mills fields on the front-form coordinates with the null-plane gauge condition. It is seen that in this framework, we can deal with strictu sensu physical fields.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Na conjuntura atual, eliminação de custos, satisfação dos clientes e aumento da produtividade é algo, no mínimo, desejável para as organizações. Exatamente neste viés, a presente pesquisa aborda a utilização de técnicas e filosofias amplamente abordadas e difundidas em gestão de operações; porém, em vez de usá-las isoladamente, propõe-se sua utilização conjunta. Neste contexto, integram-se o Mapeamento de Processos, a Gestão da Capacidade, a Teoria das Restrições (TOC) e o Empowerment. Por meio de entrevistas junto aos funcionários, da coleta de dados e da observação direta do processo produtivo, foi possível mapear os processos, definir as capacidades, identificar os gargalos, levantar o nível de maturidade dos funcionários e propor soluções por meio da aplicação do Empowerment. Como resultado, contatou-se a possibilidade de melhoria no sistema de concessão de créditos da empresa pesquisada (Banco), possibilitando um aumento da produtividade em 27,78% e uma redução de custos da ordem de 4,5 milhões de reais.
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Recentes aplicações da Teoria das Restrições em Gestão de Operações têm adotado o chamado método Tambor-Pulmão-Corda Simplificado (S-DBR - Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope) como padrão para planejamento e controle da produção. Contudo, poucas são as referências bibliográficas, especialmente em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, que relatam seus principais conceitos e premissas. Este artigo se propõe a apresentar o método S-DBR para planejamento da produção e sua correspondente abordagem de controle da produção denominado Gerenciamento do Pulmão, aqui abordados em ambientes de produção sob encomenda (MTO - make to order), suas principais características, pressupostos e diferenças em relação ao método DBR clássico. É também apresentada uma proposta complementar ao método S-DBR para estabelecer promessas de entregas urgentes mantendo elevada probabilidade de entrega no prazo.
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This paper presents a new approach to the resolution of the Optimal Power Flow problem. In this approach the inequality constraints are treated by the Modified Barrier and Primal-Dual Logarithmic Barrier methods. The inequality constraints are transformed into equalities by introducing positive auxiliary variables, which are perturbed by the barrier parameter. A Lagrangian function is associated with the modified problem. The first-order necessary conditions are applied to the Lagrangian, generating a nonlinear system which is solved by Newton's method. The perturbation of the auxiliary variables results in an expansion of the feasible set of the original problem, allowing the limits of the inequality constraints to be reached. Numerical tests on the Brazilian CESP and South-Southeast systems and a comparative test indicated that the new approach efficiently resolves of the Optimal Power Flow problem. © 2007 IEEE.
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This work presents the application of the relaxed barrier-Lagrangian function method to the optimal reactive dispatch problem, which is a nonlinear nonconvex and large problem. In this approach the inequality constraints are treated by the association of modified barrier and primal-dual logarithmic barrier method. Those constraints are transformed in equalities through positive auxiliary variables and are perturbed by the barrier parameter. A Lagrangian function is associated to the modified problem. The first-order necessary conditions are applied generating a non-linear system which is solved by Newton's method. The auxiliary variables perturbation result in an expansion of the feasible set of the original problem, allowing the limits of the inequality constraints to be reach. Numeric tests with the systems CESP 53 buses and the south-southeast Brazilian and the comparative test with the primal-dual logarithmic barrier method indicate that presented method is efficient in the resolution of optimal reactive dispatch problem.
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Includes bibliography
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG