624 resultados para ferrugem de Capsicum


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Para avaliar o efeito residual de fungicidas para o controle da ferrugem asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) em sementes de soja do cultivar BRS-133 utilizaram-se 13 tratamentos (Testemunha, Priori + Nimbus, Aproach + Nimbus, Priori Xtra + Nimbus, Sphere + Aureo, Opera, Stratego + Aureo, Nativo + Aureo, Impact Duo + Oppa, Celeiro + Iharol, Battle + Oppa, Aproach Prima + Nimbus, Folicur ). O experimento foi conduzido em campo experimental em Paulínia-SP, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O efeito residual dos fungicidas nas sementes foi analisado pelos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, germinação em areia e pelo teste de sanidade das sementes. Conclui-se que os tratamentos não influenciaram na qualidade das sementes e que o tratamento Battle + Oppa foi eficiente no controle do patógeno Cercospora kikuchii nas sementes.

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Condições climáticas desfavoráveis, durante o período final de maturação da soja, têm ocasionado problemas na qualidade das sementes, o que pode resultar no aparecimento de sementes esverdeadas. No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência da aplicação foliar de fungicidas e da doença ferrugem asiática na produção e na qualidade de sementes, com destaque para a ocorrência de sementes esverdeadas em soja. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela testemunha e aplicações dos fungicidas flutriafol + tiofanato metílico, pyraclostrobina + epoxiconazol e metconazol, sendo os produtos aplicados nos estádios fenológicos R2 e R5.1, individualmente e, também, em aplicações combinadas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, em Londrina-PR, durante os anos agrícolas de 2007/08 e 2008/09. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações de campo: severidade da doença ferrugem asiática, por meio de escala diagramática, produtividade, massa de mil sementes e porcentagem de sementes esverdeadas, avaliadas visualmente. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada por meio dos testes de germinação, tetrazólio, envelhecimento acelerado e condutividade elétrica, imediatamente após a colheita e após 6 meses de armazenamento, e pelo teste de fluorescência de clorofila nas sementes do segundo ano agrícola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, aos 5% de probabilidade. Os fungicidas foliares, que controlam de forma eficiente a doença ferrugem asiática, não interferem na produção, na qualidade das sementes e na ocorrência de sementes esverdeadas. Em condições climáticas favoráveis à maturação das sementes, a alta severidade da doença ferrugem asiática interfere na produtividade, mas não influencia no seu potencial fisiológico. A ferrugem asiática associada às condições climáticas desfavoráveis na fase final de maturação proporciona a ocorrência de sementes esverdeadas que compromete o vigor das sementes após o armazenamento.

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Background and aims Unilateral incompatibility (UI) occurs when pollinations between species are successful in one direction but not in the other. Self-incompatible (SI) species frequently show UI with genetically related, self-compatible (SC) species, as pollen of SI species is compatible on the SC pistil, but not vice versa. Many examples of unilateral incompatibility, and all those which have been studied most intensively, are found in the Solanaceae, particularly Lycopersicon, Solanum, Nicotiana and Petunia. The genus Capsicum is evolutionarily somewhat distant from Lycopersicon and Solanum and even further removed from Nicotiana and Petunia. Unilateral incompatibility has also been reported in Capsicum; however, this is the first comprehensive study of crosses between all readily available species in the genus. Methods All readily available (wild and domesticated) species in the genus are used as plant material, including the three genera from the Capsicum pubescens complex plus eight other species. Pollinations were made on pot-grown plants in a glasshouse. The number of pistils pollinated per cross varied (from five to 40 pistils per plant), depending on the numbers of flowers available. Pistils were collected 24 h after pollination and fixed for 3-24 h. After staining, pistils were mounted in a drop of stain, squashed gently under a cover slip and examined microscopically under ultra-violet light for pollen tube growth. Key results Unilateral incompatibility is confirmed in the C. pubescens complex. Its direction conforms to that predominant in the Solanaceae and other families, i.e. pistils of self-incompatible species, or self-compatible taxa closely related to self-incompatible species, inhibit pollen tubes of self-compatible species. Conclusions Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum does not seem to have arisen to prevent introgression of self-compatibility into self-incompatible taxa, but as a by-product of divergence of the C. pubescens complex from the remainder of the genus. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company.

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The genus Capsicum has 20-30 species, of which only a few are cultivated. Capsicum annuum L. is the best known Capsicum all around the world, while the other species are not common outside Latin America. Since it is the best known and commercially the most valuable species, many breeding programs have been conducted on C annuum L., especially on the non-pungent vegetable types. Breeding of other species has received less attention. Therefore, this work was conducted on two species other than C. annuum that are rarely studied-C. baccatum and C. cardenasii. Other results concern linkage groups and association of the marker genes or linkage groups with the chromosomes involved in an interchange. Linkage was detected for two pairs of genes only; these were between Got-1 and Idh-1, and between Pgi-2 and Est-5. No gene was found to show a statistically significant association with chromosomes with interchanged segments.

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Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) were thus named because they facilitate the transfer of lipids between membranes in vitro. This study was triggered by the characterization of a 9-kDa LTP from Capsicum annuum seeds that we call Ca-LTP(1). Ca-LTP(1) was repurified, and in the last chromatographic purification step, propanol was used as the solvent in place of acetonitrile to maintain the protein`s biological activity. Bidimensional electrophoresis of the 9-kDa band, which corresponds to the purified Ca-LTP(1), showed the presence of three isoforms with isoelectric points (pIs) of 6.0, 8.5 and 9.5. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis suggested a predominance of alpha-helices, as expected for the structure of an LTP family member. LTPs immunorelated to Ca-LTP(1) from C. annuum were also detected by western blotting in exudates released from C. annuum seeds and also in other Capsicum species. The tissue and subcellular localization of Ca-LTP(1) indicated that it was mainly localized within dense vesicles. In addition, isolated Ca-LTP(1) exhibited antifungal activity against Colletotrichum lindemunthianum, and especially against Candida tropicalis, causing several morphological changes to the cells including the formation of pseudohyphae. Ca-LTP(1) also caused the yeast plasma membrane to be permeable to the dye SYTOX green, as verified by fluorescence microscopy. We also found that Ca-LTP(1) is able to inhibit mammalian alpha-amylase activity in vitro.