869 resultados para evanescent-mode open-ended waveguide


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Språk både reflekterar och påverkar vår världssyn. Hur mottas då försök från gräsrotsnivå att introducera ett könsneutralt pronomen i ett språk som speglar den i samhället rådande könsdikotomin? Syftet med denna uppsats är att utifrån Hirdmans och Butlers respektive genusteorier undersöka vilken inställning användare på ett stort svenskt internetforum har till det könsneutrala personliga pronomenet hen. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av en internetbaserad enkät som besvarades av cirka 150 personer. För att analysera svaren till de slutna frågorna tog vi hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS och för att bearbeta de öppna frågorna har vi använt oss av en tematisk analys. Resultatet visar på starkt polariserade åsikter runt hen, där ungefär lika många personer är för som emot ordet. Bland dem som är emot användandet av hen uppfattar de flesta att syftet med ordet är att skapa ett könslöst samhälle, medan hen-förespråkarna ser det som ett komplement till hon och han. Vi har även kunnat se att det finns ett visst samband mellan individens attityd till hen och dennes syn på kön och genus, vilket bekräftar vår hypotes om att det finns en sådan korrelation.

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In general, patient participation is regarded as being informed and partaking in decision making regarding one’s care and treatment. This interpretation is common in legislation throughout the Western world and corresponding documents guiding health care professionals, as well as in scientific studies. Even though this understanding of the word participation can be traced to a growing emphasis on individuals’ autonomy in society and to certain dictionary defi nitions, there are other ways of understanding participation from a semantic point of view, and no trace of patients’ descriptions of what it is to participate can be found in these definitions. Hence, the aim of this dissertation was to understand patients’ experience of the phenomenon of patient participation. An additional aim was to understand patients’ experience of non-participation and to describe the conditions for patient participation and non-participation, in order to understand the prerequisites for patient participation. The dissertation comprises four papers. The philosophical ideas of Ricoeur provided a basis for the studies: how communication can present ways to understand and explain experiences of phenomena through phenomenological hermeneutics. The first and second studies involved a group of patients living with chronic heart failure. For the fi rst study, 10 patients were interviewed, with a narrative approach, about their experience of participation and non-participation, as defi ned by the participants. For the second study, 11 visits by three patients at a nurse-led outpatient clinic were observed, and consecutive interviews were performed with the patients and the nurses, investigating what they experience as patient participation and non-participation. A triangulation of data was performed to analyse the occurrence of the phenomena in the observed visits. For paper 3 and 4, a questionnaire was developed and distributed among a diverse group of people who had recent experience of being patients. The questionnaire comprised respondent’s description of what patient participation is, using items based on findings in Study 1, along with open-ended questions for additional aspects and general issues regarding situations in which the respondent had experienced patient participation and/or non-participation. The findings show additional aspects to patient participation: patient participation is being provided with information and knowledge in order for one to comprehend one’s body, disease, and treatment and to be able to take self-care actions based on the context and one’s values. Participation was also found to include providing the information and knowledge one has about the experience of illness and symptoms and of one’s situation. Participation occurs when being listened to and being recognised as an individual and a partner in the health care team. Non-participation, on the other hand, occurs when one is regarded as a symptom, a problem to be solved. To avoid non-participation, the information provided needs to be based on the individual’s need and with recognition of the patient’s knowledge and context. In conclusion, patient participation needs to be reconsidered in health care regulations and in clinical settings: patients’ defi nitions of participation, found to be close to the dictionaries’ description of sharing, should be recognised and opportunities provided for sharing knowledge and experience in two-way-communication.

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Background: In Chile, mothers and newborns are separated after caesarean sections. The caesarean section rate in Chile is approximately 40%. Once separated, newborns will miss out on the benefits of early contact unless a suitable model of early newborn contact after caesarean section is initiated. Aim: To describe mothers experiences and perceptions of a continuous parental model of newborn care after caesarean section during mother-infant separation. Methods: A questionnaire with 4 open ended questions to gather data on the experiences and perceptions of 95 mothers in the obstetric service of Sótero Del Rio Hospital in Chile between 2009 and 2012. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: One theme family friendly practice after caesarean section and four categories. Mothers described the benefits of this model of caring. The fathers presence was important to mother and baby. Mothers were reassured that the baby was not left alone with staff. It was important for the mothers to see that the father could love the baby as much as the mother. This model of care helped create ties between the father and newborn during the period of mother-infant separation and later with the mother. Conclusions: Family friendly practice after caesarean section was an important health care intervention for the whole family. This model could be stratified in the Chilean context in the case of complicated births and all caesarean sections. Clinical Implications: In the Chilean context, there is the potential to increase the number of parents who get to hold their baby immediately after birth and for as long as they like. When the mother and infant are separated after birth, parents can be informed about the benefits of this caring model. Further research using randomized control trials may support biological advantages.

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Over 20,000 Swedish lower high school students are currently learning mathematics in English but little research has been conducted in this area. This study looks into the question of how much second language learner training teachers teaching mathematics in English to Swedish speaking students have acquired and how many of those teachers are using effective teaching practices for second language learners. The study confirms earlier findings that report few teachers receive training in second language learning but indicates that some of the teaching practices shown to be effective with second language learners are being used in some Swedish schools

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BACKGROUND: Pregnancies among young women force girls to compromise education, resulting in low educational attainment with subsequent poverty and vulnerability. A pronounced focus is needed on contraceptive use, pregnancy, and unsafe abortion among young women. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore healthcare providers' (HCPs) perceptions and practices regarding contraceptive counselling to young people. DESIGN: We conducted 27 in-depth interviews with doctors and midwives working in seven health facilities in central Uganda. Interviews were open-ended and allowed the participant to speak freely on certain topics. We used a topic guide to cover areas topics of interest focusing on post-abortion care (PAC) but also covering contraceptive counselling. Transcripts were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The main theme, HCPs' ambivalence to providing contraceptive counselling to sexually active young people is based on two sub-themes describing the challenges of contraceptive counselling: A) HCPs echo the societal norms regarding sexual practice among young people, while at the same time our findings B) highlights the opportunities resulting from providers pragmatic approach to contraceptive counselling to young women. Providers expressed a self-identified lack of skill, limited resources, and inadequate support from the health system to successfully provide appropriate services to young people. They felt frustrated with the consultations, especially when meeting young women seeking PAC. CONCLUSIONS: Despite existing policies for young people's sexual and reproductive health in Uganda, HCPs are not sufficiently equipped to provide adequate contraceptive counselling to young people. Instead, HCPs are left in between the negative influence of social norms and their pragmatic approach to address the needs of young people, especially those seeking PAC. We argue that a clear policy supported by a clear strategy with practical guidelines should be implemented alongside in-service training including value clarification and attitude transformation to equip providers to be able to better cater to young people seeking sexual and reproductive health advice.

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O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o processo de implementação da Licença Compulsória no caso do anti-retroviral efavirenz. Esta pesquisa é de caráter descritivo, o meio de investigação foi o estudo de caso e foi conduzido com entrevistas semi-estruturadas contendo questões abertas para um conjunto de atores representativos da área da Saúde Pública que participaram do processo da licença compulsória residentes nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo e no Distrito Federal durante os meses de outubro a dezembro de 2009. Permitiu-se que esses indivíduos se expressassem mais ou menos livremente de forma que eles produzissem discursos. Para a análise dos discursos, utilizou-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os resultados demonstraram que o Brasil possui capacitação tecnológica para desenvolver e produzir anti-retrovirais em um prazo relativamente curto. Os resultados mostram ainda que a Licença Compulsória ajudou a refrear os gastos com anti-retrovirais e que o instrumento pode ser utilizado para garantir o acesso da população a medicamentos anti-retrovirais de alto custo e estratégicos para o Sistema Único de Saúde em um ambiente de recursos limitados sempre que se chegar a um impasse na negociação para redução de preços com os laboratórios farmacêuticos transnacionais.

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Este trabalho observa a experiência de filhas herdeiras em cargos gerenciais de empresas familiares brasileiras, usando o modelo tridimensional de desenvolvimento da empresa familiar de Gersick & aI. (1997) e adotando gênero como referencial de an álise. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com doze teriosa análise de conteúdo dos discursos. Tendo em vista as trajetórias e as estratégias usadas pelas filhas para alterar sua visibilidade no sistema da empresa familiar, abordam-se, aqui, as contradições entre os papéis de profissional e o de herdeira, assim como a dificuldade que elas enfrentam para conciliar o anseio por igualdade entre os gêneros com a busca de identidade no sistema, Ressalta-se ainda a caracteristica conservadora do modo de inserção profissional das filhas e como essa forma pode afetar a continuidade da empresa familiar.

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Os propósitos do presente estudo objetivaram levantar o estado e a natureza do controle gerencial por responsabilidade e as medidas de avaliação do desempenho em quatro entidades estatais estaduais do Rio de Janeiro: uma sociedade de economia mista, uma empresa pública, uma autarquia e uma fundação e analisá-las à luz dos fundamentos teóricos existentes na literatura sobre o assunto, em termos de proximidade ou afastamento em relação aos aspectos vistos como relevantes nesta área do conhecimento. específica A revisão da literatura e fundamentos teóricos, que compõe o Capítulo 11, procurou amoldar o plano de referência sob o controle por responsabilidade em função das características das entidades estatais estaduais para ser testado nesta pesquisa. A metodologia que foi utilizada neste trabalho exploratório vem apresentada e justificada, a razão de seu uso no Capítulo III. Com um questionário que continha em sua maior parte perguntas abertas, foi possível a obtenção de informações mais detalhadas que proporcionaram uma descrição do estado e da natureza do controle existente nas entidades estatais estaduais do Rio de Janeiro, que está contida no Capítulo IV. A análise dos resultados obtidos no trabalho de campo, compõe o Capítulo V e vem mostrando o que existe em termos de controle gerencial por responsabilidade, frente ao plano de referência básico da pesquisa. No Capítulo Final (VI), apresentam-se as conclusões e as sugestões para novas pesquisas, nessa área tão carente.

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o objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a relação existente entre a li teratura sobre procedimentos de auditoria de PED e os procedimentos efetivamente utilizados pelas seis empresas de auditoria contábil no Brasil. Bus cou-se identificar a diferença entre os procedimentos de auditoria de PED utilizados pelas empresas nacionais e os utilizados pelas empresas de ori gem estrangei ra (Capitulo I). Na revisão de literatura, apresentam-se os atuais conhecimentos so bre a auditoria externa em empresas que utilizam sistemas complexos de com putador e as perspectivas previsiveis para o futuro (Capltulo 11). A seguir, apresenta-se a metodologia utilizada, justificando-se as razões de seu emprego neste tipo de estudo exploratório (Capltulo lU). Entrevistas utilizando um questionário contendo,em sua maioria, que~ tões abertas, possibilitaram uma descrição dos procedimentos de auditoria externa empregados pelas empresas de auditoria em clientes que utilizam computador (Capitulo IV). Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram uma análise dos procedimentos de auditoria de PED utilizados pelas seis empresas de auditoria pesquis~ das (Capitulo V). Finalmente, relacionando-se os resultados ã literatura existente, sao apresentadas conclusões, formuladas recomendações e sugeridos novos es tudos (Capitulo VI).

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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a percepção dos empregados sobre a relação da legislação de compras com o desempenho da Embrapa Semiárido com base no critério de eficiência após a implantação do Pregão como uma nova modalidade licitatória. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográfica, documental, de campo, e para assegurar a validade das informações foi utilizada uma triangulação de técnicas de coleta de dados de análise documental, observação direta e entrevistas semiabertas, realizadas com empregados que atuam ou atuaram no Setor de Compras a mais de 10 anos e que fossem pregoeiros, e pesquisadores da Unidade, também com mais de 10 anos de experiência, que tivessem projetos aprovados com orçamento do Tesouro Nacional, com execução nos períodos anteriores e após à implantação do Pregão. De acordo com a documentação analisada e na ótica dos empregados do Setor, foi identificado que após a implantação do Pregão, a unidade tem conseguido economia de recursos nas contratações em média de 20% abaixo do valor de referência estabelecido nos Editais, o que poderia indicar eficiência. Entretanto, ficou evidente que o índice de erro nos processos passou a ser muito maior em relação aos processos realizados antes do pregão, e que apesar de tal modalidade ser apontada como benéfica, tem-se a impressão de que está sendo utilizada de maneira inadequada generalizadamente para toda e qualquer contratação sem uma análise prévia da modalidade licitatória mais adequada. Nessa mesma linha, no tocante aos relatórios de pesquisa e à opinião dos pesquisadores, foi evidenciado que tem havido perdas orçamentárias por não entrega de processos feitos em fim de ano, implicando em não cumprimento de metas, etapas ou tarefas dos experimentos, bem como, muitos atrasos nas entregas, e desperdícios de recursos por conta de aquisições de má qualidade que não servem para o trabalho de pesquisa. Por fim, a título de contribuição, este estudo apontou que a legislação de compras públicas atual influencia diretamente no desempenho da Embrapa Semiárido, e não atende às suas necessidades enquanto instituição de pesquisa, indicando que a instituição não pode seguir as mesmas regras, normas e legislação dos processos de aquisições dos demais órgãos da administração pública, e precisa de um novo aparato legal, que lhe proporcione maior flexibilidade para tocar seus projetos e cumprir sua missão institucional

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Os investimentos em longo prazo são importantes para os fundos de pensão, visto a longevidade de seus compromissos. A maior parte dos investimentos dessas entidades está alocada no segmento de renda fixa; contudo, os fundos de pensão são identificados como potenciais investidores em empreendimentos relacionados à inovação por seus interesses de longo prazo. Em setembro de 2009, por meio da Resolução do Conselho Monetário Nacional, os fundos de pensão foram autorizados a investirem em fundos de investimentos em participação – fundos em private equity. Esses investimentos são caracterizados por retornos de longo prazo e ganhos reais atrativos; apesar disso, esses investimentos ainda são inexpressivos em comparação aos mercados tradicionais. Nesse sentido, este estudo teve por objetivo compreender as dificuldades de se realizar investimento de longo prazo por meio de capital intelectual e, a partir de um caso específico, verificar como este investidor vem realizando a análise desse tipo de investimento. Para este fim, foi realizado um estudo exploratório em um fundo de pensão de médio porte por meio de análise documental, entrevistas abertas e não estruturadas e observação no processo decisório de investimento. Esse fundo está localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e foi escolhido pelo critério não probabilístico de acessibilidade. Verificou-se que, embora haja atratividade em termo de retorno financeiro, os investimentos em participações – private equity - ainda estão abaixo do limite da regulamentação, devido aos altos riscos relacionados à confiança, ao prazo e à autonomia no processo decisório de investimento em inovação.

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Physical therapy has suffered of a mechanistic influence, with the superspecialization and fragmentation of learning, which interfers directly in the professional s understanding of the body, besides affecting his therapeutic performance. Worried about this reality, this research analyzed perceptions of Physical therapy students from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte and Universidade Potiguar about the human body. This is a descriptive study where 167 students were evaluated through objective and subjective responses to questionnaires designited QUEB Questionnare of understanding body evaluation. Searching the complement of the datas the QUEB open-ended was created, which gives freedom to students to answer freely. This questionnnaire was applicated on a subgroup composed by 21 students of the Health Sociology subject of the Physical therapy course. The validation process of these questionnaires included strategies of a panel of experts and face validity. The theorical reference analyzed based on the studies which favor the rejoining of knowledge represented by transdisciplinary support. The analysis of the results were performed quantitativavely and qualitatively through categorization of the responses selectioning key-words and the most expressive discourses , besides using descritive statistics interpretation. According to the responses, the body thought only thought biologically, ignoring the understanding of man as a cultural and social construction, confirming the presence of the reductionist model, with overvalorization of early specialization, technical training and purely biological and mechanical considerations of the body and its mobility. Probably, the dialogic knowledge of the body human inside Physical Therapist s learning can promote a growth of health s concept and a true activeness of Physical therapy on it, being the body a link with social environment. So, through understanding of the body as a complex form, the physical therapy will be able to attend your patients considerating their biological characteristics, but so the religious, political, social and ethics. Finally, this reflection suggests a search for a less technical vision, which allows the professional to discern more than segments of the body and which will contribute to a wider understanding of the patient and his social context, leading to greater humanization of the body , improvement in services and consequently, in the quality of life of these patients

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This thesis aims to build a panoramic analysis with the intention of providing the theoretical initial a thought articulated educational of podcast, a technology orality distributed demand. This joint search considering the various spheres that educational technology in Brazilian use, both in school and non-school contexts, including scenarios and distance. This study unites questions addressed piecemeal in the area to new perspectives about the podcast, in order to characterize its nature, examining such technology from a perspective of educational technology itself, as well as unveiling its main potentials and implications. The survey was conducted from the combined use of quantitative and qualitative categories, with emphasis on the last one. The method of participant observation was followed by immersion of the researcher in the audience groups of Brazilians podcasts. Data collection with sources held in non-school contexts, from a look at targeted interactions given the blogs of Brazilian productions, as well as from open-ended interviews with producers - made online - besides giving themselves from the hearing itself about five hundred podcasts of Brazil. In the school context, the research focused on a literature review of the literature of the study area. Were added to the corpus described statistics derived mainly from "Podpesquisa 2009," Numerical major survey on the use of podcasts in Brazil. The articulation and analysis of the collected data, we used the concept of Education Paulo Freire (1971, 1987), so that, understanding it as synonymous to communication - understood this concept in Freire - were able to reveal the various ramifications educational podcast Brazilian atmosphere permeated by a dialogic between its participants. Moreover, the ideas of Célestin Freinet (1998) about the cooperation, while education practice, conducted the analyzes productive technology addressed in this work. The philosophical thought of Andrew Feenberg (2003) on the notion of "technologies" buoyed technological design elaborate. Such consideration provided the foundation for the reflections and proposals offered in this study, which, in the characterization of the oral nature of the podcast - especially their version for the deaf - appropriated the placements Luis Antonio Marcuschi (2001) about the relationship between orality and writing. In addition to these references, several other authors were considered, dealing with issues that pervade the theme here delimited, contemplating discussions on topics such as educational interest, online production, inclusive education, among other aspects. At the end, there was the podcast as a technology, while still reproducing social asymmetries Brazilian fairly directed at promoting mitigations hierarchical and open production in digital orality promotes. In view of its technical and educational implications in national use, the technology study has revealed potential relevant to the sophistication of teaching practices with orality, in various contexts, and proved adequate to serve as a motto to the revision of school practices, to even the very role of the school. This, by the prospects unveiled here, can, through the podcast, mitigate their questions reproductivist to constitute themselves as under privileged communication, boosted by critical rescue and sophistication of management through the most basic education component: speech

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Relations between the meaning attributed to work by first year university students and their academic and professional choice were analyzed. The participants were 921 students, 17-52 years old (M = 22; SD = 4.9), enrolled in 16 courses common to two college level institutions of the city of Natal, RN, one public, the other private. A questionnaire was designed for collecting data about the academic-professional choice, with open-ended and multiple choice questions. Work meaning was obtained by means of two questions on centrality and two scales pertaining to the Inventory of Motivation and Work Meaning: value and descriptive attributes. A socio-demographic set of questions ended the questionnaire. Data was entered in a SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) database, allowing for the pertinent statistical analyses, such as frequency, t test, chi square, factor analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA. Results indicated that the decision about academic-professional career was made by the majority of the participants (in first option, N = 921) without the adequate consideration of the socio-professional reality (80.7%) and personal internal resources (98.5%). When considering the second option (N = 654), only the first criterion was taken into account, but only by 12.5% of the sample. The main difficulties faced by students during the choosing process were, then, made apparent in the data. 46.8% of the participants were unsatisfied with the course they had started and were anticipating unpromising perspectives in relation to it. The first year students took work as the second most important aspect of their lives and demonstrated an idealized vision about it. Five patterns of work meaning were identified. In relation to centrality and the value and descriptive attributes, the university students displayed differentiation in the attribution of work meaning according to course and area of knowledge

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As novas demandas sociais e as diretrizes curriculares brasileiras para os cursos de odontologia colocam desafios à prática docente nas instituições de educação superior. Nesse contexto, investigam-se as concepções de qualidade de ensino universitário de professores que atuam como coordenadores de graduação nas faculdades de odontologia do Estado de São Paulo que possuem pós-graduação stricto-sensu, para refletir sobre os desafios da formação docente na área. Como instrumentos de levantamento de dados utilizou-se questionário, contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas e entrevista semi-estruturada, organizada para possibilitar o aprofundamento da discussão. Os dados foram descritos e discutidos mediante análise quantitativa e qualitativa, a partir das três dimensões da prática docente analisadas por Cunha (1995): político-estrutural, curricular e pedagógica. Para este artigo, focalizaram-se apenas os aspectos da dimensão pedagógica, na qual os pontos que expressam posturas mais contraditórias referem-se a métodos de ensino-aprendizagem, participação do aluno e tutoria. Os resultados apontam para concepções de ensino-aprendizagem que oscilam entre modelos tradicionais e inovadores, sinalizando pontos de conflito em relação a paradigmas que se articulam diretamente a questões curriculares e político-estruturais.