A(s) igreja(s) face ao processo de recomposição do religioso; práticas e representações de jovens vinculados à estrutura da Igreja Católica romana

Com base num estudo empírico realizado entre 2001 e 2004, que incidiu sobre jovens leigos organizados formalmente na estrutura da Igreja Católica-romana e sujeitos a um processo de socialização religiosa institucional estruturado, propomo-nos discutir a incidência do processo de recomposição do religioso entre os jovens católicos praticantes no contexto português. Os resultados apontam, por um lado, para uma progressiva erosão das práticas e representações associadas à doutrina Católica-romana – o que se traduz numa heterogeneidade de posicionamentos que oscilam entre o integrismo intransigente e o progressismo radical – e por outro, verificámos que o envolvimento emocional, em detrimento do processo estruturado de formação, é neste caso o elemento central na vinculação ideológica confessional.

A estrutura do valor patrimonial

Este Artigo é o relato da descoberta de uma Estrutura do Valor Patrimonial . Independente quer dos «objectos» [documentos, colecções e museus] que foram sendo o Património, quer dos «usos» [expografias, representações, narrativas mediações e serviços] que lhe foram sendo dados nas épocas histórico - sociais que se sucederam no percurso humano. Este resultado remete, num primeiro momento, para a discussão de cinco qu estões - chave, cujas consequências para a Museologia se repercutem quer no plano teórico quer no plano prático. Sendo uma delas, a de substituir o «instinto de coleccionar» na teoria museológica

Inflammation, oxidative stress, glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria in elderly men : a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: The role of inflammation and oxidative stress in mild renal impairment in the elderly is not well studied. Accordingly, we aimed at investigating the associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and markers of different inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress in a community based cohort of elderly men. FINDINGS: Cystatin C-based GFR, ACR, and biomarkers of cytokine-mediated inflammation (interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein[CRP], serum amyloid A[SAA]), cyclooxygenase-mediated inflammation (urinary prostaglandin F2alpha [PGF2alpha]), and oxidative stress (urinary F2 isoprostanes) were assessed in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men(n = 647, mean age 77 years). RESULTS: In linear regression models adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and treatment with statins, ACE-inhibitors, ASA, and anti-inflammatory agents, eGFR was inversely associated with CRP, interleukin-6, and SAA (beta-coefficient -0.13 to -0.19, p < 0.001 for all), and positively associated with urinary F2-isoprostanes (beta-coefficient 0.09, p = 0.02). In line with this, ACR was positively associated with CRP, interleukin-6, and SAA (beta- coefficient 0.09-0.12, p < 0.02 for all), and negatively associated with urinary F2-isoprostanes (beta-coefficient -0.12, p = 0.002). The associations were similar but with lower regression coefficients in a sub-sample with normal eGFR (>60 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 514), with the exception that F2-isoprostane and SAA were no longer associated with eGFR. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that cytokine-mediated inflammation is involved in the early stages of impaired kidney function in the elderly, but that cyclooxygenase-mediated inflammation does not play a role at this stage. The unexpected association between higher eGFR/lower albuminuria and increased F2-isoprostanes in urine merits further studies.

Estimating individual glomerular volume in the human kidney : clinical perspectives

Background. Measurement of individual glomerular volumes (IGV) has allowed the identification of drivers of glomerular hypertrophy in subjects without overt renal pathology. This study aims to highlight the relevance of IGV measurements with possible clinical implications and determine how many profiles must be measured in order to achieve stable size distribution estimates.

Methods. We re-analysed 2250 IGV estimates obtained using the disector/Cavalieri method in 41 African and 34 Caucasian Americans. Pooled IGV analysis of mean and variance was conducted. Monte-Carlo (Jackknife) simulations determined the effect of the number of sampled glomeruli on mean IGV. Lin’s concordance coefficient (RC), coefficient of variation (CV) and coefficient of error (CE) measured reliability.

Results. IGV mean and variance increased with overweight and hypertensive status. Superficial glomeruli were significantly smaller than juxtamedullary glomeruli in all subjects (P < 0.01), by race (P < 0.05) and in obese individuals (P < 0.01). Subjects with multiple chronic kidney disease (CKD) comorbidities showed significant increases in IGV mean and variability. Overall, mean IGV was particularly reliable with nine or more sampled glomeruli (RC > 0.95, <5% difference in CV and CE). These observations were not affected by a reduced sample size and did not disrupt the inverse linear correlation between mean IGV and estimated total glomerular number.

Conclusions. Multiple comorbidities for CKD are associated with increased IGV mean and variance within subjects, including overweight, obesity and hypertension. Zonal selection and the number of sampled glomeruli do not represent drawbacks for future longitudinal biopsy-based studies of glomerular size and distribution.

A design-based method for estimating glomerular number in the developing kidney

Low glomerular (nephron) endowment has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease in adulthood. Nephron endowment in humans is determined by 36 wk of gestation, while in rats and mice nephrogenesis ends several days after birth. Specific genes and environmental perturbations have been shown to regulate nephron endowment. Until now, design-based method for estimating nephron number in developing kidneys was unavailable. This was due in part to the difficulty associated with unambiguously identifying developing glomeruli in histological sections. Here, we describe a method that uses lectin histochemistry to identify developing glomeruli and the physical disector/fractionator principle to provide unbiased estimates of total glomerular number (Nglom). We have characterized Nglom throughout development in kidneys from 76 rats and model this development with a 5-parameter logistic equation to predict Nglom from embryonic day 17.25 to adulthood (r2 = 0.98). This approach represents the first design-based method with which to estimate Nglom in the developing kidney.

Glomerular hypertrophy in subjects with low nephron number: contributions of sex, body size and race

Background. We have shown that low nephron number (Nglom) is a strong determinant of individual glomerular volume (IGV) in male Americans. However, whether the same pattern is present in female Americans remains unclear. The contributions of body surface area (BSA) and race to IGV in the context of Nglom also require further evaluation. Methods. Kidneys without overt renal disease were collected at autopsy in Mississippi, USA. The extremes of female Nglom were used to define high and low N glom for both sexes. Nglom and IGV were estimated by design-based stereology. A total of 24 African and Caucasian American females (n = 12 per race; 6 per Nglom extreme) were included. These subjects were subsequently matched to 24 comparable males by age and Nglom and to 18 additional males by age, Nglom and BSA. Results. IGV average and variance were very similar in female African and Caucasian Americans with high and low Nglom. Males with low Nglom from both races showed greater IGV average and variance than comparable females matched by age and Nglom. These differences in IGV between sexes were not observed in Caucasian Americans with low Nglom that were matched by age, Nglom and BSA. In contrast, glomeruli from African Americans were larger than those from Caucasian Americans, especially in subjects with high Nglom. Conclusions. While female Americans with low Nglom did not show glomerular hypertrophy, comparable males with low Nglom showed marked glomerular hypertrophy that was closely associated with high BSA. Glomerular size in African Americans may be confounded by multiple additional factors. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved.

A estrutura de organização da SAE em saúde coletiva

A atuação do enfermeiro em Saúde Coletiva deve estar voltada para o planejamento da assistência de enfermagem, num modelo capaz de, enfocar o ser humano como um todo, como a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE), caracterizada pelas etapas: histórico, diagnósticos, prescrição e evolução de enfermagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a estrutura de organização da SAE nos registros de prontuários dos usuários de risco atendidos em Saúde Coletiva, no Programa de Saúde da Família numa Unidade Básica de Saúde de um município da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. O método quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo com coleta de dados secundários foi utilizado para compreender a realidade estudada. A coleta de dados foi realizada em uma unidade de saúde da família da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Os registros realizados pelos enfermeiros em prontuários,utilizados como amostra deste estudo foram 116 prontuários de usuários acamados considerados de risco como, hipertensos e diabéticos. Os resultados foram divididos em três partes, nas quais houve a caracterização dos usuários, estrutura de registros de enfermagem no prontuário, e especificamente os elementos da SAE. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos registros relativos ao histórico, diagnóstico, prescrição e evolução de enfermagem não estiveram presentes nos prontuários de pacientes de risco atendidos. No entanto, a anotação de enfermagem estava presente em sua maioria. A conclusão é que a estrutura de organização da SAE nos registros de enfermagem apresentava-se muito deficitária e que deve ser revista e melhorada, considerando-se ser o papel da enfermeira.

Mudança na estrutura organizacional de empresas que alteraram significativamente seus modelos de negócios

Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul