Identificación de los posibles riesgos contractuales en el desarrollo de franquicias de la empresa Bon Pan

BON PAN es una empresa creada en el año 2009, dedicada principalmente a la panificación y desayunos con producción y puntos de venta propios. Actualmente está presente en Colombia con cinco puntos de venta en las ciudades de Manizales y Pereira. Gracias a su imagen, productos y servicio se ha convertido en uno de los lugares de consumo preferidos por los habitantes de la región. Se ha detectado el potencial de crecimiento que tiene esta empresa y se pretende aumentar su market share o participación en el mercado colombiano principalmente. Sin embargo, el limitado capital propio disponible para incrementar la cantidad de puntos de venta en el país dificulta su crecimiento, así entonces se propuso el franquiciamiento de puntos de venta. El objetivo de éste documento fue identificar los riesgos que puedan existir en la relación contractual franquiciante - franquiciado y que deben ser protegidos por el contrato de franquicias. Se diagramo el Subsistema Estrictamente Coordinado de Bon Pan como franquiciante, se encontró que los activos específicos de mayor riesgo son: la formulación de productos, manual de operaciones, marca y ubicación de los locales. También, que sus responsabilidades como franquiciante son: elaboración de materias primas, alianzas, benchmarking, proyecciones del negocio y apoyo al franquiciado. Las funciones del franquiciado son: operación del punto de venta, transferencias y otros referentes al contrato, gestión y ejecución de estrategias, contratación de personal, pagos y reportes de ventas al franquiciante. Finalmente se analizaron los riesgos relacionados con todos los activos específicos hallados y los relacionados a las funciones de franquiciante y franquiciado.

Association of fever and severe clinical course in bronchiolitis

Little attention has been given to the relation between fever and the severity of bronchiolitis. Therefore, the relation between fever and the clinical course of 90 infants (59 boys, 31 girls) hospitalised during one season with bronchiolitis was studied prospectively. Fever (defined as a single recording > 38.0°C or two successive recording > 37.8°C) was present in 28 infants. These infants were older (mean age, 5.3 v 4.0 months), had a longer mean hospital stay (4.2 v2.7 days), and a more severe clinical course (71.0%v 29.0%) than those infants without fever. Radiological abnormalities (collapse/consolidation) were found in 60.7% of the febrile group compared with 14.8% of the afebrile infants. These results suggest that monitoring of body temperature is important in bronchiolitis and that fever is likely to be associated with a more severe clinical course and radiological abnormalities.

Quantitative Analysis of Adsorbate Concentrations by Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR

Fully quantitative analyses of DRIFTS data are required when the surface concentrations and the specific rate constants of reaction (or desorption) of adsorbates are needed to validate microkinetic models. The relationship between the surface coverage of adsorbates and various functions derived from the signal collected by DRIFTS is discussed here. The Kubelka-Munk and pseudoabsorbance (noted here as absorbance, for the sake of brevity) transformations were considered, since those are the most commonly used functions when data collected by DRIFTS are reported. Theoretical calculations and experimental evidence based on the study of CO adsorption on Pt/SiO2 and formate species adsorbed on Pt/CeO2 showed that the absorbance (i.e., ) log 1/R������¢, with R������¢ ) relative reflectance) is the most appropriate, yet imperfect, function to give a linear representation of the adsorbate surface concentration in the examples treated here, for which the relative reflectance R������¢ is typically > 60%. When the adsorbates lead to a strong signal absorption (e.g., R������¢ < 60%), the Kubelka-Munk function is actually more appropriate. The absorbance allows a simple correction of baseline drifts, which often occur during time-resolved data collection over catalytic materials. Baseline corrections are markedly more complex in the case of the other mathematical transforms, including the function proposed by Matyshak and Krylov (Catal. Today 1995, 25, 1-87), which has been proposed as an appropriate representation of surface concentrations in DRIFTS spectroscopy.

Color preferences in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Color plays an important biological role in the lives of many animals, with some species exhibiting preferences for certain colors over others. This study explored the color preferences of two species of ape, which, like humans, possess trichromatic color vision. Six western lowland gorillas, and six chimpanzees, housed in Belfast Zoological Gardens, were exposed to three stimuli (cloths, boxes, sheets of acetate) in red, blue, and green. Six stimuli of the same nature, in each of the three colors, were provided to both species for 5 days per stimulus. The amount of interest that the animals showed toward each stimulus of each color was recorded for 1 hr. Results showed that the apes, both when analyzed as two separate groups, and when assessed collectively, showed significant color preferences, paying significantly less attention to the red-, than to the blue- or green-colored stimuli. The animals' interest in the blue- and green-colored stimuli did not differ significantly. Overall, the findings suggest that gorillas and chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, may harbor color preferences comparable to those of humans and other species. © 2008 American Psychological Association.


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GALEX AND PAN-STARRS1 DISCOVERY OF SN IIP 2010aq: THE FIRST FEW DAYS AFTER SHOCK BREAKOUT IN A RED SUPERGIANT STAR

We present the early UV and optical light curve of Type IIP supernova (SN) 2010aq at z = 0.0862, and compare it to analytical models for thermal emission following SN shock breakout in a red supergiant star. SN 2010aq was discovered in joint monitoring between the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Time Domain Survey (TDS) in the NUV and the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey (PS1 MDS) in the g, r, i, and z bands. The GALEX and Pan-STARRS1 observations detect the SN less than 1 day after the shock breakout, measure a diluted blackbody temperature of 31,000 +/- 6000 K 1 day later, and follow the rise in the UV/optical light curve over the next 2 days caused by the expansion and cooling of the SN ejecta. The high signal-to-noise ratio of the simultaneous UV and optical photometry allows us to fit for a progenitor star radius of 700 +/- 200R(circle dot), the size of a red supergiant star. An excess in UV emission two weeks after shock breakout compared with SNe well fitted by model atmosphere-code synthetic spectra with solar metallicity is best explained by suppressed line blanketing due to a lower metallicity progenitor star in SN 2010aq. Continued monitoring of PS1 MDS fields by the GALEX TDS will increase the sample of early UV detections of Type II SNe by an order of magnitude and probe the diversity of SN progenitor star properties.

Bronchiolitis

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants, occurring in a seasonal pattern, with highest incidence in the winter in temperate climates and in the rainy season in warmer countries. Bronchiolitis is a common reason for attendance at and admission to hospital.

METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of prophylactic interventions for bronchiolitis in high-risk children? What are the effects of measures to prevent transmission of bronchiolitis in hospital? What are the effects of treatments for children with bronchiolitis? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

RESULTS: We found 59 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.

CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antibiotics, bronchodilators (oral, inhaled salbutamol, inhaled adrenaline [epinephrine], hypertonic saline), chest physiotherapy, continuous positive airway pressure, corticosteroids, fluid management, heliox, montelukast, nasal decongestants, nursing interventions (cohort segregation, hand washing, gowns, masks, gloves, and goggles), oxygen, respiratory syncytial virus immunoglobulins, pooled immunoglobulins, or palivizumab (monoclonal antibody), ribavirin, or surfactants.