977 resultados para constituent ordering


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Cover title: Brazilian pamphlet on the abolition of the slave trade, and the gradual emancipation of slaves.

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In: Mém. Math. & Phys. de l'Inst. Paris, 1811, pt. 2:1-88. [1812].

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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The relation between the fragility of glass-forming systems, a parameter which describes many of their key physical characteristics, and atomic scale structure is investigated by using neutron diffraction to measure the topological and chemical ordering for germania, or GeO2, which is an archetypal strong glass former. We find that the ordering for this and other tetrahedral network-forming glasses at distances greater than the nearest neighbor can be rationalized in terms of an interplay between the relative importance of two length scales. One of these is associated with an intermediate range, the other with an extended range and, with increasing glass fragility, it is the extended range ordering which dominates.

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Atomic ordering in network glasses on length scales longer than nearest-neighbour length scales has long been a source of controversy(1-6). Detailed experimental information is therefore necessary to understand both the network properties and the fundamentals of glass formation. Here we address the problem by investigating topological and chemical ordering in structurally disordered AX2 systems by applying the method of isotopic substitution in neutron diffraction to glassy ZnCl2. This system may be regarded as a prototypical ionic network forming glass, provided that ion polarization effects are taken into account(7), and has thus been the focus of much attention(8-14). By experiment, we show that both the topological and chemical ordering are described by two length scales at distances greater than nearest-neighbour length scales. One of these is associated with the intermediate range, as manifested by the appearance in the measured diffraction patterns of a first sharp diffraction peak at 1.09( 3) angstrom(-1); the other is associated with an extended range, which shows ordering in the glass out to 62( 4) angstrom. We also find that these general features are characteristic of glassy GeSe2, a prototypical covalently bonded network material(15,16). The results therefore offer structural insight into those length scales that determine many important aspects of supercooled liquid and glass phenomenology(11).

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The problem of a finding of ranging of the objects nearest to the cyclic relation set by the expert between objects is considered. Formalization of the problem arising at it is resulted. The algorithm based on a method of the consecutive analysis of variants and the analysis of conditions of acyclicity is offered.

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A Közgazdasági Szemle márciusi számában Telcs és szerzőtársai [2013] a felvételizők preferenciái alapján új megközelítést javasolt a felsőoktatási intézmények rangsorolására. Az alábbi írás új szempontokat biztosít ezen alapötlet gyakorlati megvalósításához. Megmutatja, hogy az alkalmazott modell ekvivalens az alternatívák egy aggregált páros összehasonlítási mátrix révén végzett rangsorolásával, ami rávilágít a szerzők kiinduló hipotéziseinek vitatható pontjaira. A szerző röviden áttekinti a hasonló feladatok megoldására javasolt módszereket, különös tekintettel azok axiomatikus megalapozására, majd megvizsgálja a Telcs és szerzőtársai [2013] által alkalmazott eljárásokat. Végül említést tesz egy hasonló megközelítéssel élő cikkről, és megfogalmaz néhány, a vizsgálat továbbfejlesztésére vonatkozó javaslatot. _____ In the March issue of Közgazdasági Szemle, Telcs et al. suggested a new approach to university ranking through preference ordering of applicants. The paper proposes new aspects to the implementation of this idea. It is shown that the model of these is equivalent to the ranking of alternatives based on paired comparisons, which reveals the debatable points in their hypotheses. The author reviews briefly the methods proposed in the literature, focusing on their axiomatic properties, and thoroughly examines the procedures of Telcs et al. [2013]. The paper presents an article which applied a similar approach and suggests some improvements to it.