Respiratory rhythm of brainstem-spinal cord preparations: Effects of maturation, age, mass and oxygenation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos do exercício voluntario na recuperação de hemissecção da medula espinhal: mudanças na rede perineuronal e acetilação de histonas

A prática regular de exercícios físicos previne e combate várias doenças ao longo do tempo, destacando-se como excelente ferramenta terapêutica para o tratamento de lesões no sistema nervoso central (SNC). Após uma transecção (completa ou incompleta/hemissecção) da medula espinhal, células gliais reativas secretam substâncias inibitórias à regeneração axonal como, por exemplo, as moléculas de proteoglicanas de sulfato de condroitina (PGSCs) que exercem papel importante na formação de uma barreira físico-química, chamada cicatriz glial, que impede o crescimento dos axônios danificados pela lesão. Pesquisas que envolvem modelo experimental de lesão da medula espinhal e reabilitação por exercício físico têm obtido promissores resultados. No entanto, os mecanismos fisiológicos e moleculares pelos quais promovem esses resultados positivos ainda são pouco conhecidos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a recuperação da função motora da pata posterior após protocolo de exercício físico voluntario em modelo experimental de hemissecção da medula espinhal e investigar dois mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na recuperação funcional: a degradação de PGSCs nas redes perineuronais e acetilação de histonas. Para isso, vinte e quatro (24) ratos da linhagem Wistar (Rattus novergicus) foram utilizados e separados em 3 grupos (controle, treinados e não treinados). Com exceção do grupo controle, todos os animais foram habituados a rodas de corridas e em seguidas foram submetidos a uma cirurgia experimental de hemissecção da medula espinhal, na altura da 8a vertebra torácica. Nossos resultados demonstraram que o exercício voluntário em rodas de corrida após lesão experimental da medula espinhal promoveu recuperação da função motora da pata posterior afetada, porém não observamos diferenças qualitativas na acetilação de histonas e degradação de PGSCs entre os grupos.

Catecolaminas do aparelho reprodutor de ratos após simpatectomia química: metodologia analítica e comparação entre as variedades Wistar e Sprague-Dawley

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effects caused by the spinal administration of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives, using a single puncture, and located on the spinal cord and meninges in rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives and administered as a subarachnoid single puncture on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits.METHODS: Twenty young adult female rabbits, each weighing 3500-5000 g and having a spine length between 34 and 38 cm, were divided by lot into two groups (G): 0.9% saline in G1 and ketamine S (+) 5% in G2, by volume of 5 μg per cm column (0.18 mL). After intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the subarachnoid space was punctured at S1-S2 under ultrasound guidance, and a random solution was injected. The animals remained in captivity for 21 days under medical observation and were sacrificed by decapitation. The lumbosacral spinal cord portion was removed for immunohistochemistry to assess the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain.RESULTS:No histological lesions were found in the nervous tissue (roots and cord) or meninges in either group.CONCLUSION: The ketamine S (+) 5% unpreserved triggered no neurological or histological lesions in the spinal cord or meninges of rabbits.

O perfil da sexualidade em homens com lesão medular

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da funcionalidade de atletas de basquete sobre rodas com lesão medular na perspectiva da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF)

Introduction: Spinal cord injury occurs due to interuption in nerve stimuli and could caused from traumatic and non-traumatic illnes. After spinal cord, there are problems in personal life activities affecting ou modifying personal life and provoking impacts in his own life. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healthy (ICF) consider and analyse more than the illness ou injury and include informations about functionality in differents domains as activities, participation and enviroment. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate functionality wheelchair athlets with spinal cord injury using ICF. Metodology: For this research, it was evaluated 60 athlets with spinal cord injury who were practicing wheelchair basqketball, using the Checklist corresponding to the main ICF categories and othes Identity Protocol with personal datas, lesion time, lesion level and functional classification from bwheelchair basketball. Results: In analyses, we identify in quartis data, that in Body Fucntion, median was 56,67% from all athlets with light and moderate qualifications; In Body Strutucture, the median was 60% for light qualifications; in Activities and Participation, this median corresponded to 91% and in Enviroment Factors, 51,67% feel that this enviroment was facilitator... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Toxoplasmosis: morphological and morphometric evaluation of spinal cord neurons from nonsymptomatic seropositive dogs

The aim of this work was to analyze the neuron morphology and morphometry of cervical, thoracic and lumbar areas of nonsymptomatic seropositive dogs’ spinal cord for toxoplasmosis. Twenty indefinite-breed adult dogs were used; ten dogs were healthy, with negative serology for toxoplasmosis, and were used as the control group (group 1), and ten dogs were nonsymptomatic but seropositive for toxoplasmosis (group 2). After the microtomy, with interval of 100 micrometers (µm), the histological 5-µm-thick cuts were dyed by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome techniques. The glass slides were analyzed under light microscope to examine the neuron morphology. The parameters considered for the morphometric analysis were area, perimeter, maximum diameter, minimum diameter and shape factor of cytoplasm and nucleus of neuron. The results were statistically analyzed by Student’s t test at 5% probability level. The morphological characteristics between the two groups were similar and according to literature. The morphometric results showed that there were changes in neurons size and structure, and increase and loss of star shape were noticed in seropositive animals. The results suggest that the neurons of these dogs, yet nonsymptomatic, can have lost their conductor function.

IL-12p40 Deficiency Leads to Uncontrolled Trypanosoma cruzi Dissemination in the Spinal Cord Resulting in Neuronal Death and Motor Dysfunction

Chagas' disease is a protozoosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi that frequently shows severe chronic clinical complications of the heart or digestive system. Neurological disorders due to T. cruzi infection are also described in children and immunosuppressed hosts. We have previously reported that IL-12p40 knockout (KO) mice infected with the T. cruzi strain Sylvio X10/4 develop spinal cord neurodegenerative disease. Here, we further characterized neuropathology, parasite burden and inflammatory component associated to the fatal neurological disorder occurring in this mouse model. Forelimb paralysis in infected IL-12p40KO mice was associated with 60% (p<0.05) decrease in spinal cord neuronal density, glutamate accumulation (153%, p<0.05) and strong demyelization in lesion areas, mostly in those showing heavy protein nitrosylation, all denoting a neurotoxic degenerative profile. Quantification of T. cruzi 18S rRNA showed that parasite burden was controlled in the spinal cord of WT mice, decreasing from the fifth week after infection, but progressive parasite dissemination was observed in IL-12p40KO cords concurrent with significant accumulation of the astrocytic marker GFAP (317.0%, p<0.01) and 8-fold increase in macrophages/microglia (p<0.01), 36.3% (p<0.01) of which were infected. Similarly, mRNA levels for CD3, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, iNOS, IL-10 and arginase I declined in WT spinal cords about the fourth or fifth week after infection, but kept increasing in IL-12p40KO mice. Interestingly, compared to WT tissue, lower mRNA levels for IFN-gamma were observed in the IL-12p40KO spinal cords up to the fourth week of infection. Together the data suggest that impairments of parasite clearance mechanisms in IL-12p40KO mice elicit prolonged spinal cord inflammation that in turn leads to irreversible neurodegenerative lesions.

Impaired blood-brain/spinal cord barrier in ALS patients

Vascular pathology, including blood-brain/spinal cord barrier (BBB/BSCB) alterations, has recently been recognized as a key factor possibly aggravating motor neuron damage, identifying a neurovascular disease signature for ALS. However, BBB/BSCB competence in sporadic ALS (SALS) is still undetermined. In this study, BBB/BSCB integrity in postmortem gray and white matter of medulla and spinal cord tissue from SALS patients and controls was investigated. Major findings include (1) endothelial cell damage and pericyte degeneration, (2) severe intra- and extracellular edema, (3) reduced CD31 and CD105 expressions in endothelium, (4) significant accumulation of perivascular collagen IV, and fibrin deposits (5) significantly increased microvascular density in lumbar spinal cord, (6) IgG microvascular leakage, (7) reduced tight junction and adhesion protein expressions. Microvascular barrier abnormalities determined in gray and white matter of the medulla, cervical, and lumbar spinal cord of SALS patients are novel findings. Pervasive barrier damage discovered in ALS may have implications for disease pathogenesis and progression, as well as for uncovering novel therapeutic targets. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.