932 resultados para cognitive development
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT
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Pós-graduação em Música - IA
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS
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Estudos têm investigado a aplicação de procedimentos de correção, como o ensino de cópia, ditado e oralização na promoção da leitura recombinativa em pessoas com e sem atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo. A utilização de técnicas de apoio, como o fading, ainda não foram testadas nesses procedimentos como mais uma variável que poderia estar favorecendo de forma imediata, a leitura recombinativa generalizada. A presente pesquisa relata dois estudos. O estudo 1 com duas etapas, tendo como participantes dois alunos com atraso do desenvolvimento cognitivo. Na Etapa A, os alunos foram submetidos ao ensino das relações entre palavras ditadas e palavras impressas (AC) e em seguida, aos testes de equivalência entre figuras e palavras impressas (BC) e palavras impressas e figuras (CB). Após estes testes, foram aplicados os testes de leitura das palavras de ensino (MALA, PATO e BOCA) e das palavras de generalização (formadas a partir da recombinação entre as sílabas das palavras de ensino). Os participantes apresentaram apenas a leitura das palavras de ensino, após ter sido documentado a formação de classes de equivalência entre figuras, palavras ditadas e palavras impressas. Em seguida, foram aplicadas as sondas de controle pelas unidades silábicas, e após essas sondas, aplicou-se um procedimento de correção com destaque das sílabas específicas (sílabas identificadas após a aplicação das sondas de controle pelas unidades silábicas) durante o ensino de combinado de cópia, ditado e oralização. Após quatro exposições ao procedimento de correção, os participantes continuaram a apresentar somente a leitura das palavras de ensino. Na Etapa B, introduziu-se, no procedimento de correção, um fading in nas sílabas específicas. O participante MAR apresentou a leitura correta de todas as palavras de generalização após a segunda aplicação do procedimento de correção e o participante CLA após a terceira aplicação. Os participantes apresentaram a transferência de função para as novas formas verbais AB, AC, BC, CB, AB, AC, BC e CB. Estes resultados indicaram a necessidade de avaliar os dois procedimentos de correção de forma isolada. No Estudo 2, foram selecionados dois participantes com atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo. Foi aplicado o mesmo delineamento experimental do Estudo 1, sendo que um participante foi submetido ao procedimento de correção e um outro, ao procedimento de correção com fading in. O participante FER foi submetido a procedimento de correção com fading in e o participante JOS ao procedimento de correção com destaque das silabas. Os dois participantes apresentaram a leitura recombinativa generalizada após a condução do procedimento de correção com fading in. Apresentaram ainda a transferência de função para as novas formas verbais AB, AC, BC, CB, AB, AC, BC e CB. Os resultados sugerem que o procedimento com fading in favorece de forma imediata a leitura recombinativa generalizada em pessoas com atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo.
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE
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O desenvolvimento de modelos animais para o estudo de problemas no desenvolvimento cognitivo humano pressupõe como fator principal a existência de certa homologia de processos comportamentais entre os repertórios do modelo e dos humanos. A Escola Experimental de Primatas (EEP) tem utilizado o macaco-prego (Cebus ssp.) como um modelo animal para investigar a aquisição de repertórios relacionais generalizados em humanos. Este trabalho avaliou os estudos empíricos da EEP no sentido de verificar a coerência entre seus pressupostos teóricos e sua prática empírica, especialmente no que diz respeito à existência de homologias de processos comportamentais entre macacos-prego e seres humanos. Ao se analisar a 1) origem dos objetivos e dos procedimentos dos estudos (a maioria provém de estudos com animais); 2) se os resultados esperados foram alcançados ou não (de forma geral, resultados positivos em relação aos objetivos propostos); e 3) se nos estudos da EEP é discutida a questão do modelo animal e/ou a aplicabilidade dos procedimentos utilizados nos estudos para humanos (não é), verificou-se que não são apresentados dados empíricos que sustentem a homologia sugerida na proposta teórica norteadora da EEP. Esses resultados demonstram que a prática científica da EEP tem avançado enquanto pesquisa básica sobre a aprendizagem de repertórios relacionais generalizados para macacosprego, mas ainda sem evidências de transferência para o estudo desse fenômeno em humanos. Sugere-se que o caminho a seguir pode ser: 1) desenvolver estudos empíricos que validem a homologia de processos comportamentais entre alguns repertórios dos macacos-prego e humanos; e 2) dar início à aplicação dos achados da pesquisa básica da EEP no desenvolvimento de procedimentos para ensinar repertórios relacionais para pessoas com atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo.
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This paper presents an assessment of an educational game for teaching the efficient use of electricity. Developed with Adobe Flash (R), it is a virtual board game where participants choose a car that starts the path and reaches the same final goal, going through a number of track steps defined in terms of a dice that each player rolls in turn. The car moves if the participant is able to correctly answer a question that is randomly generated by the software. The objective of the game is to answer questions related to energy efficiency promoting a healthy and attractive learning process for participants on concepts related to energy efficiency such as: the rational use of energy, the basic concepts of forms of energy generation, among others. The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the application of this virtual game in the teaching and learning process of high school students. Therefore, the game was applied in the discipline of physics in a class of junior high public school in the state of Sao Paulo. Initially, the class that had 43 students was divided into 10 groups of 4 students, and 1 group of 3 students. Each student group competed with one another. The idea was that each of them should indicate a student who was the representative of this group until only 4 group leaders were selected for the finals. At this stage, each student could interact with a group of up to ten students that acted as advisers. The adopted assessment process is based on the model proposed by Savi [7]. Then, at the end of the game, the students answered a prepared questionnaire based on the model proposed by Savi. According to Savi, although there are significant studies that show the importance of educational games for the process of cognitive development and learning concepts of students, there are few papers that present forms of assessing the potential of these resources. Thus, the assessment criteria proposed by Savi are based on the model of training evaluation by Kirkpatrick [3], taken as a reference to measure the efficiency of processes of continuing education courses for professionals. The authors assert that the metric of the evaluation proposed to assess the game is based on the first level of the model proposed by Kirkpatrick.
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Introduction: Studies about human cognition represent a relevant perspective in information science, considering the subjective actions of information professionals and dialogic process that should permeate the activity of subjects dealing with the organization and representation of information. Objective: Explore the approach of the cognitive perspective in information science and their new settings by contemporary needs of information to reflect on the process of meeting the professional information through the social reality that permeates the contexts of information. Methodology: Reflection on theoretical aspects that deal with the cognitive development to discuss the implications of the cognitive approach in information science and its evolution in the scope of the representation and processing of information. Results: Research in Information Science must consider issues of cognitive and social order that underlie information processing and the process of knowing the information professional as knowledge structures must be explained from the social context of knowing subjects. Conclusions: There is a need to investigate the process of knowing the information professional in the bias of socio-cognitive approach, targeting new elements for the understanding of the relationship information (cognitive manifestations) and its implications on the social dimension.
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In a previous research, it was observed that are symbolic exchanges established between the persons and the environment they live in that allow them to interact with others, leading them to reorganize their internal cognitive structures, reaching more elaborated stages. In the case of a person with deafness, the possibility of exchange can be compromised and knowledge about the construction of the temporal notion seems to be essential to enable a path of explanation about the difficulties they have regarding their cognitive development. Thus, based on the theory of Jean Piaget, the study intended to understand how the temporal notion constitutes as possible subject to the process of building the real, and examine, through empirical evaluation, if the difficulty in establishing symbolic exchanges caused by deafness would compromise the development of this notion. For this purpose, bibliographical research and empirical research were made, by the comparative evaluating between the performance of deaf and hearing subjects in relation to the construction of temporal notion. Two groups of subjects aged between 10 and 12 years were composed: one with three deaf subjects and another with 3 listeners. The assessment and analysis of the data were based on an experiment created by Piaget and his staff. The results showed that the listeners present responses from operative level, compatible with the age range in which they found themselves. In contrast, the deaf subjects showed responses of transition level, which indicates a situation of cognitive delay. We conclude that the potential compromise linguistic presented by deaf people, can hinder the activity representative causing delay in construction of temporal notion and consequently the development of thought. We conclude that the possible linguistic committal presented by deaf people can hinder the representative activity, causing delay in construction of temporal notion and consequently in the development of thought. In this sense, it seems that the Sign Language constitutes an important tool for deaf people because it allows symbolic exchanges that favor the cognitive development.
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The marginalized children’s psychosocial and educational issues, in this essay, are referred to the theoretical debate upon knowledge development and the possible solutions for those children.This issue will be addressed through the analysis of structures or forms of knowledge organization and from the necessary differentiation of social and individual cognitive development. Basedontheseobjectives, we will analyzethe classical theoriesrelated to cognitive developmentofdisadvantaged children, discussindividual andsocialcognitive developmentand, based on our empirical research, postulatean explanationforthese children’s cognitive development. Finally we will discuss and propose some educational solutions.
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Given that the auditory system is rather well developed at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy, it is likely that couplings between acoustics and motor activity can be integrated as early as at the beginning of postnatal life. The aim of the present mini-review was to summarize and discuss studies on early auditory-motor integration, focusing particularly on upper-limb movements (one of the most crucial means to interact with the environment) in association with auditory stimuli, to develop further understanding of their significance with regard to early infant development. Many studies have investigated the relationship between various infant behaviors (e.g., sucking, visual fixation, head turning) and auditory stimuli, and established that human infants can be observed displaying couplings between action and environmental sensory stimulation already from just after birth, clearly indicating a propensity for intentional behavior. Surprisingly few studies, however, have investigated the associations between upper-limb movements and different auditory stimuli in newborns and young infants, infants born at risk for developmental disorders/delays in particular. Findings from studies of early auditory-motor interaction support that the developing integration of sensory and motor systems is a fundamental part of the process guiding the development of goal-directed action in infancy, of great importance for continued motor, perceptual, and cognitive development. At-risk infants (e.g., those born preterm) may display increasing central auditory processing disorders, negatively affecting early sensorymotor integration, and resulting in long-term consequences on gesturing, language development, and social communication. Consequently, there is a need for more studies on such implications.