947 resultados para cerrado sensu stricto


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The Ocean Drilling Program Leg 126 sites may be classified into two categories depending on the presence (Group I: Sites 787, 792, and 793) or absence (Group II: Sites 788, 790, and 791) of steep concentration gradients. Shipboard X-ray diffraction analyses of bulk sediments from Group I sites revealed the presence of a number of diagenetic minerals (some of which are incompatible), but no systematic diagenetic zonation. The results of the chemical analyses of the pore waters from Group I have been used to estimate the activities of dissolved species. Thermodynamic analyses of the composition of the pore waters and the stability of authigenic minerals (gypsum, zeolites, feldspars, smectites, chlorites, and micas) show that the pore waters are close to equilibrium with most of the observed phases. Thus, only a small perturbation of the system (substitution in minerals and fluctuations in pore-water composition, in particular, in pH and SiO2 activity) will cause any of these phases to precipitate. Therefore, one would not expect mineralogical observations to show systematic vertical zonations at these sites. It is suggested that chlorites and high-temperature zeolites are not diagenetic sensu stricto, but were eroded from volcaniclastic highs. The absence of concentration gradients at the Group II sites has been analyzed in terms of reaction kinetics, hydrothermal advection, and temperature distribution. The absence of diagenetic imprints on the pore-water concentration profiles at these sites is probably caused by the slow nucleation of silica phases.

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The sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical Indian Ocean is a major component of global climate teleconnections. While the Holocene SST history is documented for regions affected by the Indian and Arabian monsoons, data from the near-equatorial western Indian Ocean are sparse. Reconstructing past zonal and meridional SST gradients requires additional information on past temperatures from the western boundary current region. We present a unique record of Holocene SST and thermocline depth variations in the tropical western Indian Ocean as documented in foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios and d18O from a sediment core off northern Tanzania. For Mg/Ca and thermocline d18O, most variance is concentrated in the centennial to bicentennial periodicity band. On the millennial time scale, an early to mid-Holocene (~7.8-5.6 ka) warm phase is followed by a temperature drop by up to 2°C, leading to a mid-Holocene cool interval (5.6-4.2 ka). The shift is accompanied by an initial reduction in the difference between surface and thermocline foraminiferal d18O, consistent with the thickening of the mixed layer and suggestions of a strengthened Walker circulation. However, we cannot confirm the expected enhanced zonal SST gradient, as the cooling of similar magnitude had previously been found in SSTs from the upwelling region off Sumatra and in Flores air temperatures. The SST pattern probably reflects the tropical Indian Ocean expression of a large-scale climate anomaly rather than a positive Indian Ocean Dipole-like mean state.

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The Australian-Indonesian monsoon is an important component of the climate system in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. However, its past variability, relation with northern and southern high-latitude climate and connection to the other Asian monsoon systems are poorly understood. Here we present high-resolution records of monsoon-controlled austral winter upwelling during the past 22,000 years, based on planktic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes and faunal composition in a sedimentary archive collected offshore southern Java. We show that glacial-interglacial variations in the Australian-Indonesian winter monsoon were in phase with the Indian summer monsoon system, consistent with their modern linkage through cross-equatorial surface winds. Likewise, millennial-scale variability of upwelling shares similar sign and timing with upwelling variability in the Arabian Sea. On the basis of element composition and grain-size distribution as precipitation-sensitive proxies in the same archive, we infer that (austral) summer monsoon rainfall was highest during the Bølling-Allerød period and the past 2,500 years. Our results indicate drier conditions during Heinrich Stadial 1 due to a southward shift of summer rainfall and a relatively weak Hadley cell south of the Equator. We suggest that the Australian-Indonesian summer and winter monsoon variability were closely linked to summer insolation and abrupt climate changes in the northern hemisphere.

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Results from sediment trap experiments conducted in the seasonal upwelling area off south Java from November 2000 until July 2003 revealed significant monsoon-, El Niño-Southern Oscillation-, and Indian Ocean Dipole-induced seasonal and interannual variations in flux and shell geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera. Surface net primary production rates together with total and species-specific planktonic foraminiferal flux rates were highest during the SE monsoon-induced coastal upwelling period from July to October, with three species Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma dex., and Globigerinita glutinata contributing to 40% of the total foraminiferal flux. Shell stable oxygen isotopes (d18O) and Mg/Ca data of Globigerinoides ruber sensu stricto (s.s.), G. ruber sensu lato (s.l.), Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, and Globorotalia menardii in the sediment trap time series recorded surface and subsurface conditions. We infer habitats of 0-30 m for G. ruber at the mixed layer depth, 60-80 m (60-90 m) for P. obliquiloculata (N. dutertrei) at the upper thermocline depth, and 90-110 m (100-150 m) for G. menardii in the 355-500 mm (>500 µm) size fraction corresponding to the (lower) thermocline depth in the study area. Shell Mg/Ca ratio of G. ruber (s.l. and s.s.) reveals an exponential relationship with temperature that agrees with published relationships particularly with the Anand et al. (2003) equations. Flux-weighted foraminiferal data in sediment trap are consistent with average values in surface sediment samples off SW Indonesia. This consistency confirms the excellent potential of these proxies for reconstructing past environmental conditions in this part of the ocean realm.

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Climatic and oceanographic changes, as occurring at a glacial-interglacial scale, may alter the environmental conditions needed for the development of prolific cold-water coral reefs and mounds. Studies constraining the temporal distribution of cold-water corals in the NE Atlantic suggested the cyclic changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation as the main driver for the development and dispersal of cold-water coral ecosystems. However, conclusions were hindered by lack of data from the NW Atlantic. Aiming to overcome this lack of data, the temporal occurrence of cold-water corals in the Cape Lookout area along the southeastern US margin was explored by U-series dating. Furthermore, the local influence of the regional water masses, namely the Gulf Stream, on cold-water coral proliferation and occurrence since the Last Glacial Maximum was examined. Results suggest that the occurrence of cold-water corals in the Cape Lookout area is restricted to interglacial periods, with corals being present during the last ~7 kyr and also during the Eemian (~125 ka). The reconstructed local environmental conditions suggest an offshore displacement of the Gulf Stream and increased influence from the Mid-Atlantic Bight shelf waters during the last glacial period. During the deglacial sea level rise, the Gulf Stream moved coastward providing present-day-like conditions to the surface waters. Nevertheless, present-day conditions at the ocean sea floor were not established before 7.5 cal ka BP once the ultimate demise of the Laurentide ice-sheet caused the final sea level rise and the displacement of the Gulf Stream to its present location. Occasional presence of the Gulf Stream over the site during the Mid- to Late Holocene coincides with enhanced bottom current strength and a slightly higher bottom water temperature, which are environmental conditions that are favorable for cold-water coral growth.

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The advection of relatively fresh Java Sea water through the Sunda Strait is presently responsible for the low-salinity "tongue" in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean with salinities as low as 32 per mil. The evolution of the hydrologic conditions in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean since the last glacial period, when the Sunda shelf was exposed and any advection via the Sunda Strait was cutoff, and the degree to which these conditions were affected by the Sunda Strait opening are not known. Here we have analyzed two sediment cores (GeoB 10042-1 and GeoB 10043-3) collected from the eastern tropical Indian Ocean off the Sunda Strait that cover the past ~40,000?years. We investigate the magnitude of terrigenous supply, sea surface temperature (SST), and seawater d18O (d18Osw) changes related to the sea level-driven opening of the Sunda Strait. Our new spliced records off the Sunda Strait show that during the last glacial, average SST was cooler and d18Osw was higher than elsewhere in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Seawater d18O decreased ~0.5 per mil after the opening of the Sunda Strait at ~10 kyr B.P. accompanied by an SST increase of 1.7°C. We suggest that fresher sea surface conditions have persisted ever since due to a continuous transport of low-salinity Java Sea water into the eastern tropical Indian Ocean via the Sunda Strait that additionally increased marine productivity through the concomitant increase in terrigenous supply.

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Currently, it is accepted that there are three species that were formerly grouped under Candida parapsilosis : C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis , and Candida metapsilosis . In fact, the antifungal susceptibility profiles and distinct virulence attributes demonstrate the differences in these nosocomial pathogens. An accurate, fast, and economical identification of fungal species has been the main goal in mycology. In the present study, we searched sequences that were available in the GenBank database in order to identify the complete sequence for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 region, which is comprised of the forward and reverse primers ITS1 and ITS4. Subsequently, an in silico polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to differentiate the C. parapsilosis complex species. Ninety-eight clinical isolates from patients with fungaemia were submitted for analysis, where 59 isolates were identified as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 37 were identified as C. orthopsilosis, and two were identified as C. metapsilosis. PCR-RFLP quickly and accurately identified C. parapsilosis complex species, making this method an alternative and routine identification system for use in clinical mycology laboratories.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2016.

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Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul - USCS

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PRIMO, Paschoal Palombino. Gestão estratégica de pessoas para pesquisadores que atuam nos programas de pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em administração de IES Privadas da Região Metropolitana da Grande São Paulo. 2012. 116f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, 2012.

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A qualidade do ensino superior - graduação e pós-graduação - tem sido, nas últimas décadas, alvo de maciços questionamentos. Com relação, especificamente, à qualidade do ensino de pós-graduação stricto sensu - categoria de análise desta dissertação -, algumas correntes educacionais percebem-na, exclusivamente, como a absorção ou a projeção profissional, pelo mercado de trabalho, do novo Mestre ou Doutor. Isto significa, à luz da critica apresentada por Einsten in; Claret (1986), entender o sistema educacional como encarregado de incutir uma atitude exageradamente competitiva em estudantes, educando-os para a idolatria do êxito lucrativo. Outras correntes insurgem-se a essa visão, pela compreensão de que a dimensão e a relevância da qualidade deste ensino não pode ser reduzida a sua subordinação à esfera do capital, vale dizer, numa perspectiva meramente pragmática e mercadológica e, ainda, pelo entendimento de que a educação tem como fim precípuo estimular no egresso do Mestrado ou Doutorado: (i) a potencialização de habilidades de análise reflexiva e de problematização da realidade que se apresenta ou, como indicado por Kosik (1976), não como um abstrato sujeito cognoscente, de uma mente pensante que examina a realidade especulativamente, porém a de um ser que age objetiva e praticamente, de um indivíduo histórico que exerce a sua atividade prática no trato com a natureza e com os outros homens; (ii) a atuação profissional de forma consciente e responsável, voltada ao autêntico respeito à dignidade e à valorização do ser humano, alicerçada na percepção da possibilidade de se produzir e reproduzir riquezas sem se produzir e reproduzir infelicidade humana. Com relação às variáveis preponderantes à obtenção da qualidade do ensino de pós-graduação stricto sensu, verificam-se, também, divergências de opiniões. Dentre elas, são percebidas como variáveis altamente conducentes ou inibidoras da promoção da qualidade desse ensino: (i) o processo motivacional - motivação, comportamento e satisfação motivacional - do professor; e (ii) a gestão de pessoas- princípios, valores, modalidades e ações - adotada nas instituições de ensino superior (lES's), constitui fator exógeno promotor da satisfação ou da contra-satisfação motivacional do corpo docente. A sinergia motivacional do professor, ou seja, a escolha da profissão do magistério como possibilidade de sua auto-realização ou, segundo o conceito atribuído pelo Doutor em Psicologia pela FGV - Fundação Getulio Vargas e professor de Psicologia Social da UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Wilson Moura como possibilidade de realização de seu constructo existencial. constitui, indubitavelmente, a âncora para a obtenção da qualidade deste ensino. Segundo Frigotto (2000). o sentido que o professor atribui ao magistério determina seu comportamento na busca de suas realizações profissionais e na sua contribuição para formação de cidadãos como totalidade - ser humano. classe social e força de trabalho. numa dimensão de comprometimento social coletivo. Não obstante, à luz de diversas teorias organizacionais depreende-se que fatores exógenos (vindos de fora do intelecto, fornecidos pela gestão) conducentes à promoção da satisfação ou da contra-satisfação motivacional do corpo docente exercem influência na obtenção da qualidade do ensino. Admiti-se, também. ser a motivação do professor uma variável capaz de neutralizar os efeitos negativos dos fatores exógenos de contra-satisfação moti\acional ou. segundo Herzberg a ausência dos fatores motivacionais ou satisfacientes e dos fatores higiênicos ou insatisfacientes. Com base nestas assertivas e contrapondo-se aos métodos quantitativos como única modalidade de avaliação do curso de pós-graduação strito sensu a questão fundamental investigada por meio deste estudo - quer pela pesquisa bibliográfica, quer pela pesquisa empírica realizada junto aos sujeitos - gestores. professores e mestrandos - de dois programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em nível de Mestrado - Psicologia Social e Serviço Social - da UERJ refere-se às reais influências do processo motivacional - motivação, comportamento e satisfação - do corpo docente sobre a qualidade do ensino de pós-graduação stricto sensu.

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This study approaches bureaucratic organizational structures with the aim to understand the adherence procedure to virtual technologies in the stricto sensu educational administrative process. Thus, the author navigates through the formation of these organizations in Brazil with the intent to demonstrate the bureaucratic organizational culture and the consequent form of domination of those who detain power. In this epistemological construction, the author explores the culture s bureaucratic environment and the organizational power. In the analyses, it was observed the technological phenomenon in the ODL s administrative environment, which can explain the adherence procedure to structures and technological instruments for stricto sensu courses that, hypothetically, dilutes the traditional inherited organizational axiom. Therefore, it was utilized as object of study the Professional Master s degree in National Scale Public Administration PROFIAP, hence analyzing the documental content and the legislation related to institutionalization as well as the positioning of professors/coordinators and of the director of CAPES/MEC. Considering this axioms, it was concluded that the bureaucratic structures can admit ODL in the stricto sensu s environment. However, this can only be done as long as the adherence does not imply in a dilution of the traditional forms of power and institutional bureaucratic inherited dominance, as well as the alleged hegemony of the governmental structure in the educational administration adopted in person by the stricto sensu courses in Brazil

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JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O número de Programas de Pós-Graduação em Anestesiologia stricto sensu existente no país ainda é muito pequeno. Com a finalidade de incentivar a pós-graduação em Anestesiologia no Brasil, é apresentada a experiência acumulada em dez anos de atividades do programa da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). CONTEÚDO: O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anestesiologia stricto sensu da UNESP foi credenciado pela CAPES, desde a sua criação em 1994, nos Cursos de Mestrado e Doutorado. O Programa é desenvolvido em três Áreas de Concentração: Risco e Proteção de Órgãos e Sistemas em Anestesia e Cirurgia; Qualidade e Segurança em Anestesiologia; e Modelos Clínicos e Experimentais em Terapia Antálgica, com as suas respectivas linhas de pesquisa, em número de 14. O número de alunos regulares do Programa é compatível com o número de orientadores (12), com proporção média de três alunos por orientador. Desde o seu início até setembro de 2004, ocorreram 45 Dissertações de Mestrado e 24 de Doutorado, perfazendo 69 defesas, a maioria com bolsas e financiamentos de Órgãos de Fomento à Pesquisa. Após a conclusão do doutorado, 65% dos alunos têm atividade de docência e pesquisa em instituições públicas e privadas do ensino universitário do país. A maioria das publicações do programa tem sido realizada em revistas nacionais com Qualis A, com menor número de publicações em revistas internacionais Qualis A ou B. O programa recebeu da CAPES o conceito 4,0 numa escala de 1 a 7, em suas três últimas avaliações. CONCLUSÕES: O programa tem se desenvolvido muito bem nos 10 anos de sua existência, alcançando os principais objetivos, como a formação de professores e pesquisadores na área de Anestesiologia para as instituições universitárias do país.