Zoneamento agroecológico do Município de Bom Jardim, região serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

O uso sustentável dos agroecossistemas requer a formulação de modelos de desenvolvimento conservacionistas, compreendendo um conjunto de práticas de conservação do solo, da água e da biodiversidade, analisados de forma integrada. O zoneamento agroecológico é um destes modelos conservacionistas e busca a definição de zonas homogêneas com base na combinação das características dos solos, da paisagem e do clima. O Município de Bom Jardim encontra-se em área de relevo movimentado e a atividade agropecuária desenvolvida em sua maioria por pequenos produtores encontra-se sobre terras com elevada vulnerabilidade ambiental. Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar o zoneamento agroecológico de Bom Jardim, RJ, em escala regional, para fins de ordenamento territorial. As zonas agroecológicas recomendadas para o uso com lavouras (intensivas e semi-intensivas) somam 14,3 km2, o que equivale a aproximadamente 3,7% da área total do município. As zonas agroecológicas recomendadas para o uso com pastagens e pastagens especiais somam 7,7 km2, o equivalente a 2% da área total do município. As áreas identificadas como zonas recomendadas para conservação/preservação dos recursos naturais somam 362 km2, as quais constituem áreas de alta fragilidade ambiental e/ou apresentam restrições legais de uso, como as áreas de preservação permanente.

Efeito da disponibilidade de alimento no investimento maternal de Volatinia jacarina (Aves : Thraupidae)

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2016.

Biologia de Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em diferentes fontes de alimento.

2015

Parâmetros fitossociológicos e produção de biomassa de plantas herbáceas associadas às práticas agrícolas em roçado agroecológico.

Para a manutenção da biodiversidade no meio rural do semiárido faz-se necessário a elaboração e uso de técnicas e práticas ecológicas, destacando a importância de não realizar as práticas da broca e queima. As florestas agroecológicas buscam a interação das espécies cultivadas para produção e preservação da vegetação nativa, mantendo a estabilidade nas interações entre planta e solo. Objetivou-se determinar a produção de biomassa e quantificar parâmetros fitossociológicos em função das práticas agrícolas em agroecossistemas de base familiar.

CAMPESINATO, RESISTÊNCIA E EMANCIPAÇÃO: O MODELO AGROECOLÓGICO ADOTADO PELO MST NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

Nos últimos 50 anos, configurou-se o padrão técnico e organizacional da “Revolução Verde” e da Agrobiotecnologia, que provocaram transformações sociais, econômicas, políticas, técnicas e ambientais no meio rural do Estado do Paraná (Brasil), gerando graves impactos ambientais, econômicos e sociais. No último quarto de século, o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) tem mobilizado uma grande quantidade de trabalhadores tanto na luta pela terra mas também organiza a luta na terra. Nestas lutas para entrar e para produzir na terra, o MST tem negado o padrão de desenvolvimento agrícola existente no País, colocando em evidência a necessidade da preservação e reconstrução da agricultura camponesa pela via da Reforma Agrária, além de propor formas de gestão e participação do campesinato em sistemas cooperativizados e também sistemas agroecológicos de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o conjunto dos resultados de nossa Tese de Doutorado, explicitando o conjunto de informações e compreensões práticas e teóricas resultante das metodologias desenvolvidas a campo em vários assentamentos paranaenses, além de discussões geográficas condizentes com o desenvolvimento da agricultura camponesa, reforma agrária, e a potencialidade da agroecologia nos assentamentos rurais, temas pouco a pouco incorporados à produção acadêmica em Geografia Agrária. 

Construção do conhecimento agroecológico a partir de sistemas agroflorestais em assentamentos rurais no estado de São Paulo.

2008

Doenças transmitidas por alimento: infecção por salmonellas

Doença infecciosa, autolimitante causada por alimentos infectantes, salmonela, que acomete o homem e os animais cujos sintomas são: febre, diarreia, vômitos, escalofrios, dores abdominais, cólicas. Apresenta um período de incubação em media de 18 horas podendo variar entre 8 e 42 horas. O agente etiológico, salmonela, na maioria das vezes pode ser encontrada em alimentos de origem animal, com uma maior frequência os ovos. Dentre as toxiinfecções, gastroenterites, as causadas por salmonelas são as mais incidentes.

Competição larval em Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): efeitos de diferentes níveis de agregação larval sobre estimativas de peso, fecundidade e investimento reprodutivo

In insects that utilize patchy and ephemeral resources for feeding and egg laying, the outcome of larval competition for food resources depends on the amount of resources and the spatial distribution of immatures among patches of food. In the present study, the results of larval competition for food in Chrysomya megacephala, in traits such as female weight, fecundity and reproductive investment, were different in situations where the level of larval aggregation (proportion of competitors per amount of food) was the same, but with densities of competitors and amounts of food proportionally different. These results are indicative that the larval competition may depend both on the larval density and the amount of food, in different situations with the same proportion of larvae per gram of food.

Indicadores de bem-estar baseados em reações comportamentais de matrizes pesadas

Knowing the importance that the poultry industry represents for the Brazilian economy, this work, searched to understand and to identify new welfare pointers inherent to the animal that contributed for the increase of the productive effectiveness, studying different behavior reactions in broiler breeders, in climatic chamber. The experiment was delineated as a Latin Square 3x3x3, where the variable: temperature of air, birds ration and birds age had been controlled. The birds of different ages had been lodged in distinct boxes. Observations of the behavior of the birds in two schedules of the day had been made, being one in the morning and the other one in the afternoon, during a period of 15 minutes each through video cameras, installed in the ceiling of the climatic chamber, having no interference of human being in the register of the data. It was verified the influence of the controlled variables in diverse observed behaviors where it was concluded that the presence of food resulted in bigger occurrences of aggressiveness reactions.

Determinação da difusividade efetiva de raiz de chicória

Inulin is a fructooligosacharide found in diverse agricultural products, amongst them garlic, banana, Jerusalem artichoke and chicory root. Inulin generally is used in developed countries, as a substitute of sugar and/or fat due to its characteristics of fitting as functional and dietary food. Chicory root is usually used as source and raw material for commercial extration of inulin. The experiments consisted on drying sliced chicory roots based on a factorial experimental design in a convective dryer whose alows the air to pass perpendicularly through the tray. Effective diffusivity (dependent variable) has been determined for each experimental combination of independent variables (air temperature and velocity). The data curves have been fitted by the solution of the second Fick law and Page's model. Effective difusivity varied from 3.51 x 10-10 m² s-1 to 1.036 x 10-10 m² s-1. It is concluded that, for the range of studied values, air temperature is the only statistically significant variable. So, a first order mathematical model was obtained, representing effective diffusivity behavior as function of air temperature. The best drying condition was correspondent to the trial using the highest drying air temperature.

Uso de redes neurais artificiais na identificação de vocalização de suínos

Animal welfare has been an important research topic in animal production mainly in its ways of assessment. Vocalization is found to be an interesting tool for evaluating welfare as it provides data in a non-invasive way as well as it allows easy automation of process. The present research had as objective the implementation of an algorithm based on artificial neural network that had the potential of identifying vocalization related to welfare pattern indicatives. The research was done in two parts, the first was the development of the algorithm, and the second its validation with data from the field. Previous records allowed the development of the algorithm from behaviors observed in sows housed in farrowing cages. Matlab® software was used for implementing the network. It was selected a retropropagation gradient algorithm for training the network with the following stop criteria: maximum of 5,000 interactions or error quadratic addition smaller than 0.1. Validation was done with sows and piglets housed in commercial farm. Among the usual behaviors the ones that deserved enhancement were: the feed dispute at farrowing and the eventual risk of involuntary aggression between the piglets or between those and the sow. The algorithm was able to identify through the noise intensity the inherent risk situation of piglets welfare reduction.

Reproductive biology of Davilla kunthii A. St-Hil. (Dilleniaceae) in Central Amazonia

This survey aimed at describing the interactions of floral visitors and Davilla kunthii A. St.-Hil. as well as characteristics of its reproductive biology in Itacoatiara, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Tests of the breeding system were performed. The guild of visitors was described according to richness, abundance, relative frequency and constancy. The breeding system tests indicated that D. kunthii is self-compatible. The pollination system was characterized as generalist, with 39 visitor species, from three different orders. Bees were the main group of pollinators, thus some behavioural aspects were described. Th e period of highest foraging activity was between 7 and 10 am. Some species presented agonistic and monopolistic behaviour. Given the behaviour and destructive potential, the Curculionidae seem to have a greater impact as seed predators than pollinators.

O extrato de maracujá sobre a morfometria de hepatócitos da tilápia do Nilo

Avaliaram-se os efeitos do extrato de maracujá veiculado na dieta (0, 50, 100 e 200mg kg-1) sobre o consumo de alimento, o ganho em peso e os níveis de glicose e cortisol plasmático de juvenis de tilápias do Nilo (87,0±6,6g). Ao final do experimento (28 dias), os peixes foram eutanasiados para remoção do fígado, visando à avaliação da área citoplasmática, contagem de células e verificação dos estoques de glicogênio hepático. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA unidirecional, comparando-se as médias pelo Teste de Tukey (P<0,05), com posterior estudo de regressão, buscando estabelecer as curvas das áreas citoplasmáticas, em função das diferentes doses do extrato. A inclusão do extrato na dieta não afetou o consumo de alimento e o crescimento e todos os peixes apresentaram aumento da glicose e redução do cortisol plasmático, porém sem diferenças entre os tratamentos. As curvas de regressão indicaram aumento quadrático da área citoplasmática com a elevação da doses do extrato, principalmente para 100mg kg-1, resultando em uma curva dose-resposta em forma de "U" invertido. O aumento da área do citoplasma decorreu de um acúmulo de glicogênio hepático, conforme comprovado pela prova da amilase salivar. Concluiu-se que o extrato de maracujá pode ser fornecido na dieta de juvenis de tilápia, sem prejudicar o consumo alimentar e o crescimento dos animais e que o produto altera a morfometria dos hepatócitos, sugerindo a atividade de flavonóides sobre o metabolismo de carboidratos.

Minas-type fresh cheese developed from buffalo milk with addition of L. acidophilus

Effective incorporation of a probiotic into foods requires the culture to remain viable all along processing and storage, without adverse alterations to sensory characteristics. The objective of this work was developing Minas-type fresh cheese with probiotic properties from buffalo milk. Four batches of Minas-type fresh cheese were prepared using buffalo milk: batch T1 in which neither culture nor lactic acid added; batch T3 in which only lactic acid added; batches T2 and T4 , both added of Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC 4, but T4 was also acidified. Resulting cheeses were evaluated for probiotic culture stability, texture profile, sensory acceptance, and changes in pH. The T4 probiotic cheese presented hardness, gumminess, and chewiness significantly lower than the other treatments. However, values for springiness and cohesiveness did not differ between all cheeses, and no sensory differences (p > 0.05) were found between treatments for texture, taste, and overall acceptance. The addition of probiotic to the acidified cheese (T4) yielded best aroma. The populations of L. acidophilus were greater than 10(6) CFU g-1 after 28 days of storage all products. Minas-type fresh cheese from buffalo milk is a suitable food for the delivery of L. acidophilus, since the culture remained viable during the shelf life of the products and did not negative affect analysed parameters.

Changes in ruminal fermentation and mineral serum level in animals kept in high temperature environments

In order to evaluate the effect of environmental temperature on ruminal fermentation and on mineral levels of growing ruminants, it was used 12 male calves (initial average weight 82.9 ± 7.7 kg, 100 days of age), were employed in a randomized block design (by weight) experiment, with repeated weight measurement and two environmental temperatures: thermoneutral (24ºC) and heat-stressed (33ºC), during 38 days. The animals exposed to 33ºC presented lower dry matter ingestion, lower T3 (triiodothyronine) serum level, higher ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) level in the rumen liquid, and higher rectal and body temperatures during all the experimental period when compared to the animals kept in thermoneutral environment (24ºC). The animals kept under heat stress environment (33ºC) presented higher calcium serum level, which was the highest on 31st day and the lowest on the 38th day of the experiment; phosphorus level was the lowest during all the experimental period; sodium level was lower on the 17th, 31st and 38th experimental days. Potassium and zinc levels were lower after 24 days; copper level was lower until the 24th day; magnesium level was higher until the 17th day, if compared to the ones from the animals kept in thermoneutral environment (24ºC). The heat-stressed animals presented higher levels of ammoniacal nitrogen in the ruminal liquid and a decrease in the phosphorus, sodium, potassium and zinc serum levels. These results show the necessity of changes on feed management to ruminants in temperatures over the thermal comfort limits so that performance loss is decreased.