Políticas europeas para la competitividad, salarios mìnimos y tutela del poder adquisitivo de las retribuciones en Italia tras el acuerdo de noviembre de 2012 [European Policies for competitiveness, minimum wages and purchasing power protection in Italy after the November 2012 agreement]. WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona”.INT – 99/2013

On the floor of the Global Wage Report 2012/2013 by ILO, entitled Wages and equitable growth, the A. thinks that the wage regulation has to take into account competitiveness without compressing global aggregate demand. Therefore, International and European rules are necessary to avoid the spiral towards the wages dampen, which is bad for the economic development. The rules in action at the different levels are inadequate. The A. proposes an interpretation of Article 153 and Article 155 TFEU that is more suitable for a European regulation promoting better minimum wages and more coherent with the current legal framework of the right to pay, which can be considered, even if partially, as a social right.

CAP Subsidies and the Productivity of EU Farms. Factor Markets Working Paper No. 37, March 2013

This paper investigates the impact of subsidies from the common agricultural policy on the total factor productivity of farms in the EU. We employ a structural, semi-parametric estimation algorithm, directly incorporating the effect of subsidies into a model of unobserved productivity. We empirically study the effects using samples from the Farm Accountancy Data Network for EU-15 countries. Our main findings are clear: subsidies had a negative impact on farm productivity in the period before the decoupling reform was implemented; after decoupling the effect of subsidies on productivity was more nuanced, as in several countries it turned positive.

Exports and Firm Productivity: The effect of US steel safeguards. Bruges European Economic Research (BEER) Papers 19/January 2011

This paper investigates possible negative effects of the 2002 US steel safeguards on productivity of Eurozone steel companies. The analysis is based on an extensive literature which predicts that exporting firms not only are bigger and more productive, but also that exporting itself has positive effects, improving efficiency and leading to better utilization of firm resources. The paper investigates a large sample of EU-13 steel producing firms, in the 1998 - 2005 period. Using three methods of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) estimation among which the Olley-Pakes semiparametric estimator, we first calculate the productivity levels of companies, and then check for any unusual fluctuation in this performance variable. We find that in 2002 there has been a significant drop in TFP. The paper is an invitation for further research in this field, given the possible important effects of safeguard measures on exporters.

Social statistics. Hourly wages and hours of work October 1966. 1967.8

In Dutch, French, German, Italian.

Phytoplankton and bacterial productivity in the Tugur Bay (Sea of Okhotsk) in July-August 1990

A study of quantitative characteristics: phytoplankton photosynthesis (Ph), bacterial assimilation of CO2 (BA), total abundance of bacteria (TAB) and organic matter destruction (D) was carried out in waters the Tugur Bay (tidal level fluctuations up to 7 m) in July-August 1990. Calculations were made of integral indices in some parts: Ph -10-630, BA - 8-29, D - 280-1015 and of total primary production (TPP) - 18-652 mg C/(m2 day). According to obtained data and TAB the ecosystem of the Tugur Bay can be regarded as oligotrophic-mesotrophic one. Dependence on spatial and temporal inhomogeneity of primary productional processes on tide-ebb cycles was found. The role of bacterial relations in the ecosystem of the bay was shown. Portion of ?A in TPP varied from 4 to 44% reaching the maximum in desalinated water during the tide-ebb.

Guatemala, development of the Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (ICTA) and its impact on agricultural research and farm productivity /

"PN-AAJ-178"--Cover.

Bilingual education : a new look at the research evidence : briefing report to the Chairman, Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives.

"B-225018."

United States-Latin American relations : United States business and labor in Latin America. A study

At head of title: 86th Cong., 2d sess. Committee print.

Technology and labor in pulp, paper, paperboard and selected converting industries.

Mode of access: Internet.

Outlook for technology and labor in telephone communications.

Bibliography: p. 15.