La influencia del género en la cultura digital del estudiantado universitario.

The main goal of this paper is to analyse gender differences in the use of ICT among university students. We present the results of a study about the uses and the perception in relation to ICT in everyday life and in academia. The study is based on a statistical simple of 1042 students from 5 different universities. The results show gender differences, both with respect to use as their perception of technology.

Identification of Research Portfolio for the Development of Filtration Equipment

This piece of work which is Identification of Research Portfolio for Development of Filtration Equipment aims at presenting a novel approach to identify promising research topics in the field of design and development of filtration equipment and processes. The projected approach consists of identifying technological problems often encountered in filtration processes. The sources of information for the problem retrieval were patent documents and scientific papers that discussed filtration equipments and processes. The problem identification method adopted in this work focussed on the semantic nature of a sentence in order to generate series of subject-action-object structures. This was achieved with software called Knowledgist. List of problems often encountered in filtration processes that have been mentioned in patent documents and scientific papers were generated. These problems were carefully studied and categorized. Suggestions were made on the various classes of these problems that need further investigation in order to propose a research portfolio. The uses and importance of other methods of information retrieval were also highlighted in this work.

Metsäteollisuuden lentotuhkien laadun vaikutus hyötykäyttösovellutuksiin

Työn tavoitteena oli kartoittaa metsäteollisuuden tuotantolaitoksissa syntyvän lentotuhkan laadun vaikutusta hyötykäyttökohteisiin. Hyötykäyttökohteista tarkasteltiin tuhkien soveltumista maarakentamiseen, päällystettyyn- ja peitettyyn rakenteeseen, pelto- ja puutarhakäyttöön, maisemointiin ja viherrakentamiseen sekä metsäkäyttöön. Tuhka-analyysien tietojen perusteella tuhkalle määritettiin mahdollinen hyötykäyttökohde verrattaessa niitä lainsäädännönasettamiin raja-arvoihin jokaisessa hyötykäyttökohteessa. Lisäksi tarkasteltiinmahdollisia esteitä tuhkan käytölle tietyissä hyötykäyttökohteissa sekä pyrittiin saamaan tuhkalle järkevämpi loppusijoituspaikka kuin kaatopaikka. Kirjallisuusosaan on koottu metsäteollisuudessa käytössä olevat polttomenetelmät sekä poltettavat raaka-aineet. Eri polttojakeiden tuhkien koostumuksista on tehty yhteenveto kirjallisuudesta löytyvien tietojen perusteella. Lisäksi kirjallisuusosassa on esitetty lentotuhkan fraktiointimenetelmiä sekä eri hyötykäyttökohteet ja niiden vaatimukset lentotuhkalta. Kokeellisessa osassa on vertailtu olemassa olevien tuhkanäytteiden haitta-aineiden pitoisuuksia eri hyötykäyttökohteiden vaadittuihin raja-arvoihin. Tähän työhön valittiin viisi eri metsäteollisuuden tuotantolaitosta Suomesta ja niille jokaiselle pyrittiin löytämään parhaiten soveltuva loppukäyttö. Metsäteollisuuden tuotantolaitoksilla poltetaan useita eri polttojakeita. Lisäksi polttoainekoostumus ja -määrä vaihtelevat vuositasolla. Tämä vaikuttaa tuhkan laatuun ja vaikeuttaa tuhkan hyödyntämistä eri hyötykäyttökohteissa. Jokaiselle tuhkan eri hyötykäyttökohteelle on säädetty omat raja-arvonsa, joka rajoittaa tuhkan hyötykäyttöä. Tällä hetkellä tuhkaa hyödynnetään eniten metsälannoitteena, jolloin puuaineksen mukana poistuneet ravinteet saadaan palautettua takaisin luontoon. Myös tuhkan hyödyntäminen maarakentamisessa on järkevää, koska silloin korvataan maa-ainesta tuhkalla ja vältytään kaatopaikkasijoittamiselta. Yleisesti pelto- ja puutarhakäyttöä ajatellen raja-arvot ovat liian tiukat metsäteollisuuden lentotuhkalle.

Tietotekniikkapalveluiden tuotteistaminen metsäteollisuus-yrityksessä

Tietotekniikkapalvelut on palveluorganisaatio, jonka tavoitteena on tarjota asiakkaalleen toimivat tietoliikenneyhteydet ja toimivat tietojärjestelmät metsäteollisuuden vaatimiin tarpeisiin vastaten. Häiriöttömän ja jatkuvatoimisen tuotannon takaamiseksi tukiprosesseja kehitetään jatkuvasti. Suuren konsernin ongelmana ovat toisistaan poikkeavat käytännöt ja tästä aiheutuvat tehokkuuserot. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, mitä IT-palveluiden tuotteistaminen merkitsee ja kuvataan tietotekniikkasektorin palvelutuotteiden rakentuminen, hallinta ja käyttömahdollisuus metsäteollisuusyrityksessä. IT-palveluiden tuotteistamisella haetaan sisäistä tehokkuutta sekä laadukkaampaa tulosta. Tuotteistamalla palvelut saadaan tietopääoma paremmin hallintaan ja jakeluun. Suorituskyvyn hallinnan avulla saadaan palveluihin läpinäkyvyyttä ja kehitystoiminta tehostuu. Tuotteistusprojektin tavoitteena on rakentaa globaalit tuotekuvaukset metsäteollisuusyrityksen tietotekniikkapalveluista, joita yksiköt voivat tarkentaa ja syventää haluamalleen tasolle. Tuotekuvausten rakentaminen edellyttää toimintamallien perusteellista läpikäyntiä ja tarvittavien osaamisten selvittämistä sekä palveluiden suorituskykyodotusten määrittämistä. Tietotekniikkasektorin tuotteistusprojektin tuloksena palvelut jaetaan kolmeen palveluryhmään: tietojärjestelmäpalvelut, tietoliikennepalvelut sekä tietoturvapalvelut. Tietojärjestelmäpalvelut kuvataan vielä tarkemmin perustietotekniikka- ja järjestelmäpalvelutuotteiksi. Samoin tietoliikennepalvelut jaetaan datansiirto- ja puheensiirtopalvelutuotteiksi. Palvelutuotteita, siis tuotetietoa, hallitaan ja ylläpidetään tietojärjestelmällä, mistä on liityntä operatiiviseen järjestelmään.

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Khat (Catha edulis Forsk., Celastraceae) is a flowering perennial shrub with a long history of use and cultivation in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Young khat leaves are traditionally chewed in social gatherings to attain special states of mind, aimed especially at awakeness and enhanced mind focus. Since khat chewing contains amphetamine-like molecules and reponedly causes addiction among users it is banned in most countries, but it is part of social life and legal in some countries. The main phannacoactive compounds present in khat leaves are the phenylpropylamino alkaloids (S) cathinone and (S)-cathine. L-Phenylalan:ine serves as a key biosynthetic precursor of phenylpropylalkaloids. Phenylalanine is converted by a series of not yet fully characterized reactions involving chain-shortening to benzaldehyde, then ligation to decarboxylated pyruvate, oxidation and incorporation of an amino group to yield (S)-cath inone, the most active compound accumulating in young leaves. (S)-Cathinone is subsequently reduced to (S)-cathine, the main compound accumulated in mature leaves, but pharmacologically less active than (S)-cathinone. The pharmacological prospects of khat uses and some personal experiences of one of the authors in khat chewing are described here.

Example of Monte Carlo uncertainty assessment in the field of radionuclide metrology

This chapter presents possible uses and examples of Monte Carlo methods for the evaluation of uncertainties in the field of radionuclide metrology. The method is already well documented in GUM supplement 1, but here we present a more restrictive approach, where the quantities of interest calculated by the Monte Carlo method are estimators of the expectation and standard deviation of the measurand, and the Monte Carlo method is used to propagate the uncertainties of the input parameters through the measurement model. This approach is illustrated by an example of the activity calibration of a 103Pd source by liquid scintillation counting and the calculation of a linear regression on experimental data points. An electronic supplement presents some algorithms which may be used to generate random numbers with various statistical distributions, for the implementation of this Monte Carlo calculation method.

Urban Gardening: espacio de creación, crítica social y activismo ecológico

El artículo hace una revisión de aquellas intervenciones artísticas que abordan determinados usos del territorio urbano y formas de cultivo. Actuaciones que mediante la acción de plantar y cultivar generan espacios para la expresión de identidades artísticas, políticas y sociales. Estos lugares encuentran asentamiento en los intersticios de nuestras ciudades, en espacios vacíos como solares abandonados, en zonas no urbanizables o semi urbanizadas, en riberas de ríos, arcenes de autopistas, márgenes de vías de tren, etc. The paper reviews those specific artistic interventions that address urban land uses and farming methods. Actions that through the act of planting and cultivating generate spaces for the expression of artistic, political and social identities. These places are settling in the interstices of our cities, in empty spaces such as brownfield sites, in non-urbanized or semi urbanized areas, on riverbanks, highways verges, railways edges, etc.

Campesinos, Estado y mercado. La conflictividad forestal en el Noroeste de España, León (1870­ ¿1936)

Peer-reviewed

Therapeutic benefits of body percussion using the BAPNE method

Body percussion using to the BAPNE method is a means of cognitive stimulation with multiple applications. The aim of this research is to assess their full potential as a source of therapy. The methodology used is theoretical in nature and makes use of a wide bibliography to find evidence for its therapeutic effect. In essence, body percussion can be seen to lead to improvements in three areas. the Physical, as it stimulates awareness of the body, control of movement and muscular strength, coordination and balance; the Mental, as it improves concentration, memory and perception; and finally Socio-affective, as it helps to build egalitarian relationships and leads to a decrease in anxiety in social interactions. This means of therapy has several different uses and it is targeted at different groups. In the present investigation we categorise them into five main groups: individuals with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease; individuals with learning disorders such as dyslexia or ADHD; patients affected by diseases of the spinal cord, cranial neuropathies and trauma (Neurorehabilitation); and for the treatment of addictive behavior (addiction); and depressive disorders or anxiety disorders.After thorough analysis, we have found scientific evidence that the therapeutic body percussion using the BAPNE method improves the quality of life of patients and it is an important factor in stabilizing the development of different diseases.In addition, evidence involving certain biological indicators (in control and experimental groups, and through a pre-test and post-test) show its effect on levels of stress and anxiety (reduction of cortisol), as well as improvement of social relations as a result of working as a group (increased levels of oxytocin), and improvements seen in self-esteem and in a variety of personal aspects through the Aspects of Identity questionnaire.

Compostos de platina em quimioterapia do câncer

The vast majority of clinically used antitumor drugs are either synthetic or natural product based organic compounds. In this review we describe different aspects, such as structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, clinical uses and possible future prospects, of the platinum antitumor complexes, a distinct class of antitumor agents.

Análise de cabelo: uma revisão dos procedimentos para a determinação de elementos traço e aplicações

Aspects related to the quality of human hair analysis are presented, such as sample collection, sample preparation, determination of trace elements and application examples. Also the hair morphology, the importance of this analysis and its uses and meanings are discussed.

Peróxido de hidrogênio: importância e determinação

A brief discussion about the hydrogen peroxide importance and its determination is presented. It was emphasized some consideration of the H2O2 as reagent (separated or combined), uses and methods of analysis (techniques, detection limits, linear response intervals, sensor specifications). Moreover, it was presented several applications, such as in environmental, pharmaceutical, medicine and food samples.

La gestió del regadiu a Catalunya: plans, actors i reptes de futur

Irrigation has traditionally constituted one of the most characteristic and emblematic agricultural mosaics of the Mediterranean as a key factor of socio-economic dynamism of the territorial matrix. In recent years there has been an important scientific, intellectual and social environment mobilization around water uses and, in particular, around the main socio-economic use of resource: irrigation, which is undergoing an intense and accelerated transformation process. Thus, in parallel with the decline of traditional irrigation systems, located in areas with natural availability of water, fertile soil and appropriate topographic conditions, the socio-economic changes in the last decade have stimulated the appearance of new irrigated areas with environmental, social and economic disparate characteristics. As a result, the irrigation management model has been conditioned to respond to the new parameters of water scarcity and resource efficiency. In addition, policies and actors have evolved over time as a consequence of disparate priorities –and often conflicting– in terms of irrigation, making necessary the gear of different discourses. In this context, the Model of social commitment of irrigation proposed by the Institutional and Social Innovations in Irrigation Mediterranean Management (ISIIMM) can become a starting example

Efeito do intemperismo artificial em quatro madeiras tropicais monitorado por espectroscopia de infravermelho (DRIFT)

Four tropical woods, were investigated to compare their performance and natural resistances to artificial weathering using the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). The species were garapeira (Apuleia leiocarpa), itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba) and tauari (Couratari sp.), woods traditionally indicated for exterior uses, and marupá (Simarouba amara), that served as reference. The samples were submitted to cycles of UV radiation (350 nm) and water until 2,000 h. The photodegradation processes of woods surfaces were accomplished monitoring the changes in the intensities associated to lignin (1508 cm-1) and carbonyl group (1736 cm-1) absorptions. The results have shown that lignin was the first component to be photodegradated, resulting in surfaces mainly composed by cellulose, after 2,000 h of UV irradiation. The processes of formation and lixiviation of carbonyl compounds were different for each species. The experimental conditions used in this work were too severe to evaluate the wood density and extractives content influences during the treatment.