892 resultados para Uriburu, José Félix, 1930-1932


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Félix Carrasquer Launed (1905-1993) nació en Albalate de Cinca, en el seno de una familia acomodada, lo que le permitió aprender a leer a temprana edad. Sin embargo, los rudos métodos escolares le hicieron abandonar la escuela y aprender de forma autodidacta. En 1919 se trasladó a Barcelona donde aprovechó la mayoría del tiempo a leer, buscando trabajos que le permitieran desarrollar esta actividad. Pronto apareció su preocupación por la educación de la que afirmaba que sólo desde ella podría construirse un nuevo modelo de sociedad. En su pueblo natal fundó una biblioteca, una cooperativa y una compañía de teatro. En 1932 quedó casi totalmente ciego por una enfermedad previa, hecho que cambiaría su vida. En 1933 se trasladó a Lérida debido a los incidentes revolucionarios, pero pronto volvió a Barcelona. En 1935 inauguró allí, junto con sus hermanos, la escuela 'Eliseo Reclus', una escuela libertaria basada en la libertad, la autogestión, la cooperación y la solidaridad. Con el estallido de la Guerra Civil, abandonó Barcelona para colaborar con las colectividades creadas en Aragón para luchar contra los sublevados. En 1937 creó una nueva escuela en Monzón cuyo objetivo era formar a jóvenes para gestionar las colectividades. Finalmente la escuela cerró en 1939 y poco después se exilió a Francia donde permaneció hasta la invasión alemana. Tras su regreso a Barcelona, fue detenido y encarcelado durante un año. Después se estableció en Madrid donde trató de organizar el Comité Nacional de la CNT, sin embargo fue de nuevo encarcelado y condenado a 25 años, de los que cumpliría 12. Tras su liberación en 1960, se instaló en Thil, Francia, donde organizó una granja escuela. En esta ciudad pasó el resto de su vida.

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Se analiza la vida y carrera profesional del profesor D. José Forns Quadras, con motivo de su nombramiento como miembro numerario de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. Nacido en 1898, el profesor Forns, pronto destacó en la música, terminando las carreras de solfeo y piano a edades muy tempranas y con notas muy brillantes. Destacó igualmente en los estudios de enseñanza secundaria y en 1921 pasó a ser profesor del Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación de Madrid. Fue crítico musical en un diario madrileño, desempeñó el cargo de secretario de la Sociedad de Autores. En 1930, ingresó en la Orden Civil de Alfonso XII y en 1940 en la Orden de Alfonso X, El Sabio.

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Resumen tomado del autor. Contiene fuentes de archivo en los anexos y ap??ndice documental con documentos relativos a Justicia Militar y certificados de defunci??n, as?? como portadas de peri??dicos escolares realizados mediante la aplicaci??n de las t??cnicas de la Escuela Moderna francesa y extractos de textos de ??stos

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Este estudio analiza la política educativa de Velasco Ibarra durante sus dos primeros gobiernos 0934-1935 y 1944-1947) Y las tensiones que mantuvo con la educación laica, instituida décadas atrás por la Revolución Liberal. Con este propósito, el artículo examina la función que la educación tuvo en el ideario velasquista, empeñado en la reconstitución del orden moral de la sociedad. El ensayo interroga el proyecto de despolitización de la educación y de respaldo a la educación confesional que Velasco Ibarra impulsó. Examina, además, el desarrollo de una oferta educativa estratificada, contraria a los principios más democratizadores de la educación liberal.

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Este trabajo pretende una aproximación a la vida y obra de cuatro poetas andinos. Los poetas en mención se caracterizaron – pese a no ser contemporáneos entre sí- en el trasiego que vivieron al pasar de una vida a la “otra” –tres de ellos fueron suicidas- al experimentar una especie de metempsicosis en su estructura mental y cuerpo escritural o poético, y a la proximidad que advirtieron en el panorama de lo oculto, lo alquímico y lo esotérico. Llama poderosamente la atención sus locus primero. Si es loable la sola ruptura con su espacio y su tiempo, imaginémonos el proceso de fuga que vivenciaron al no tener un antecedente claro en sus lugares de orígenes, y al constituirse en figuras excepcionales en sus respectivos países o terrenos concretos de nacionalidad; ni Ramos Sucre, ni Carlos Obregón, ni César Dávila Andrade y mucho menos Jaime Sáez llegaron al ocultismo por una tradición literaria. Por tal motivo, esta investigación –si puede llamársele asípersigue tres propósitos fundamentales: • Rescatar de la marginalidad la obra de Carlos Obregón y Jaime Sáenz. • Dar cuenta de las vertientes recorridas por Ramos Sucre y Dávila Andrade –a mi modo de ver los más perfeccionados del grupo. • Recuperar una serie de textos de suma relevancia para la poética continental. • Realizar un balance de la obra de estos cuatro “poetas malditos”. El texto o cuerpo de texto estará constituido por una serie de reflexiones en torno a la evocación de lo oculto, el ocultismo como poética, la metafísica como estética, el suicidio como búsqueda de lo absoluto y el rosacrucismo como alteridad o vía de acceso poético.

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La presente tesis estudia los orígenes del movimiento obrero en las minas de la Sierra Central del Perú a inicios del siglo XX. Ello mediante el análisis de una breve coyuntura de movilización sindical ocurrida entre diciembre de 1928 y noviembre de 1930. El eje analítico de la investigación es doble. De un lado, se examina el rol decisivo que en dicha coyuntura de agitación sindical tuvo un grupo de obreros intelectuales, quienes asumieron el liderazgo del naciente movimiento obrero. De otro lado, se estudian los vínculos entre estos trabajadores y el “Grupo de Lima” dirigido por José Carlos Mariátegui. La tesis consta de cuatro capítulos, dedicados a analizar los sucesivos momentos de la coyuntura de movilización sindical. El primer capítulo contextualiza el análisis en el escenario regional de la Sierra Central peruana, así como en los cambios vinculados a la presencia de la empresa monopólica Cerro de Pasco Copper Corporation a partir de 1902. El segundo capítulo reconstruye los inicios de la agitación obrera, así como los vínculos entre los trabajadores y el “Grupo de Lima”, que se hallaba abocado a la formación del Partido Socialista y la CGTP, la primera organización sindical de alcance nacional en Perú. El tercer capítulo aborda la lucha en pos de la sindicalización, tomando en cuenta las dificultades planteadas por la condición obrera prevaleciente en las minas, el estallido de protestas y la influencia de los militantes comunistas. Finalmente, el cuarto capítulo estudia el momento culminante del período: la realización del Congreso Minero del Centro, la creación de la primera Federación de Trabajadores Mineros y la dura represión gubernamental en contra de los trabajadores, cuyo desenlace fue la desarticulación del movimiento obrero en ciernes.

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A partir de los escritos de José Carlos Mariátegui sobre Oriente, este artículo aborda el análisis del pensador peruano sobre la importancia de los movimientos independentistas de las colonias orientales de Asia y África posteriores a la Primera Guerra Mundial, y su interés en el caso de India. Se resalta la mirada crítica de Mariátegui respecto a la hegemonía de Occidente y el valor de las luchas por la independencia, vistas como la posibilidad de un cambio de orden político y social y, con ello, del surgimiento de una nueva conciencia.

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Analisa criticamente a política brasileira de fomento à ariticultura, mostrando que a mesma foi formulada e implementada durante mais de meio século, sendo um exemplo de continuidade de política pública voltada para a agricultura. Mostra que ela foi uma prioridade histórica, comparável ao café. Mostra, ainda, significativo de com a política para o que, apesar do aporte recursos públicos, os resultados, na maior parte do período, foram pouco satisfatórios em termos de aumento da produção e de redução dos custos de produção e, que a manutenção da política, por tanto tempo, se deveu à importância que a mesma tinha para a acumulação de capital e a legitimação política do governo.

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Esta tese investiga a trajetória da região geopolítica conhecida como Norte, durante o Governo Provisório varguista (1930-1934). Ela começou a ser gestada no imediato pós- 30 e, nos anos seguintes, tornou-se uma das forças políticas mais ativas de todo o período. O Norte era formado pelo então território federal do Acre e os estado do Amazonas, Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia e Espírito Santo. Nesta conjuntura, as principais posições políticas e militares nesses estados passaram a ser ocupadas pelos que adotaram a autodesignação de revolucionários nortistas. A invenção e consolidação dessa identidade política tinha como elemento agregador o reconhecimento de Juarez Távora como grande líder e representante dos interesses da região junto ao Governo Provisório. Chamado ironicamente, por seus opositores, de “Vice-rei do Norte”, Távora liderou esse grupo durante todo o período, construindo uma importante aliança entre essa região geopolítica e o Governo Provisório. Desse modo, o Norte, seus revolucionários e seu líder foram os principais apoiadores de Vargas na defesa do projeto de centralização política, em oposição a outras correntes, sobretudo as que pregavam o retorno ao regime constitucional. Dessa forma, o Norte participou decisivamente do processo de radicalização que desembocou na guerra civil de 1932, enviando milhares de soldados para os campos de batalha e combatendo, dentro da região, os possíveis aliados do movimento rebelde liderado por São Paulo. Com o fim da guerra e confirmado o retorno do país ao regime constitucional, apesar da tentativa de permanecer como um grande bloco político, a região se fragmenta e os antigos laços que definiam a identidade dos revolucionários nortistas se dissolvem, assim como a liderança indiscutível de seu líder e herói, Juarez Távora.

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This work is an attempt to show that the ideological conflict that has been developed by the hegemony of the 1930 Revolution historical events in Paraíba, conceptually turned into an insoluble social contradiction. It ocurred due to imaginary or formal resolutions of the literature that ended up by altering the epistemological rules of the relation between fiction and reality. The present work is based on The unconscious politics: a narrative as a socially symbolic act , book in which all the literary or cultural texts can and should be read as symbolic resolutions to insoluble social contradictions. From string to contemporary literature this phenomenon has been registered by the several ways of textual production turning the 1930 Revolution into one of the main elements which guides the political scene of Paraíba. The ideological groups still centered on the political resentment and committed to a political conflict forged the existence of two historical truths: one which suits the liberais , the winners, and another is of the 1930 conflict. This work argues in favour of the unconscious politics of the 1930 Revolution. This thesis considers necessarily the relation that the Paraibana society maintains with its past and how this past reaches in the present the liberation of a hidden and repressed truth through its narrativization. Beyond that, how the ideological partiality generated the political resentment through the way of thinking of the rivals under the perspective of the good and evil reveals its insoluble social contradiction. Process which comprehends varied narrative forms of the mass culture products and literary production, as in the methodological perspective pointed by Fredric Jameson that all literary or cultural texts can and shall be read as symbolic resolutions of true political and social contradictions. In the case of Paraiba we will have resolutions that search for the reasons which caused the death of João Pessoa: forgery and publicity of love letters, dispute over the official version of suicide commited by João Dantas, the man who assassinated João Pessoa

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The Caldeirão is a site located in the city of Crato, in the south of Ceará, belonged to priest Cícero Romão Batista. There, was created a religious community led by blessed José Lourenço, who marked the life of thousands of Northeast country people in 1930s, for represent to them a space of religious conviviality, work and devotion. The Caldeirão s population was about three thousand of people, originated from states of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Paraíba, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, who share the community s daily activities. The misery caused by the dryness and exploration of these country people by the landlords are indicated as the motivator elements of this migratory flux by the greater number of works published about the Caldeirão, turning the community into a primitive experience of class struggles. This present study proposes other comprehension of this migratory movement by the religious speech of salvation taken to country people by the counselor Severino Tavares. Was used as analysis camp the remaining norte-rio-grandenses that migrated to the Caldeirão, and as theoretical and methodological references the understanding model of investigation, the cultural history and the remaining memorial speech analysis. The work follows that pointing the phenomenon of Caldeirão as an campestral revolt is try to impose to this people the aspirations or wishes of others, besides of deny to them the right and the dignity of act by their believes and their own dreams.

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This present work has the aim of reconstruct the biographical profile and the practices of the professor and journalist Julia Medeiros in the county of Caico, State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the 1920 s and 1930 s, justified by the visibility of this professor during the construction of the lettered society from the mentioned State and the participation in potiguar press. How were the women and educator s representations in the 1920 s and 1930 s ? With the aim to get answers, I use as sources, the Public Archive of Rio Grande do Norte and the Geographical and Historical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, the newspaper of that time, as the available issues of Jornal das Moças (1923-1932), magazines, letters, pictures, and interviews with relatives, ex-students and friends of this intellectual woman. It was noticed that she stood out as a professor at School Group of Senador Guerra and as a journalist, sending opinions about everyday life. With this analysis, it configures, in part, her time and the history of education in Rio Grande do Norte, with the participation of teachers. Despite of her importance during the construction of education and citizenship of women, Julia Medeiros lived the two sides of the same coin: visibilty and anonymity

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This paper treats confessional printings as a non formal space for the female education. It reflects on the importance of the woman s role to the diffusion of Protestantism in general, and its Presbyterian trend in particular, besides commenting on the proliferation of printings at the First Republic and its relation with education. In this study, Brazilian Northeastern is seen as a relevant space to the diffusion of Protestantism in Brazil; especially on what concerns the relations between Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco. Thereby some fountains were fundamental, as the confessional printings, that is, newspapers, magazines, prospects and other materials recollected in archives located in Natal/RN and Recife/PE, and São Paulo. It was also provided a brief incursion on Portuguese confessional printings kept in Oporto, PT. New Cultural History was chosen as theoretic-methodological guide, franchising ways inside the history of book and reading with the help of concepts like Interdependence, Social Configuration (ELIAS, 1993, 1994) and Representation (CHARTIER, 1990), considering that the survey worked out culture-manufactured products that is, intentional materials. It is well known that publishing, or better, the dissemination of printed material used to be associated to Protestants missionary practices since Reform began and, as what concerns the investigated period, in Portuguese and Brazilian lands indistinctly. Printing material in general books, booklets, fragments, as well as the press itself played a central role in divulging reformed ideas, their social options and the means of being and intervening in the world. In this regard, the confessional printings established themselves as an educative, although non schooled, informal space, but, all considered, relevant, seen that they dialogue with another important demand of that social group: formal, literate education. Because it dealt with the diffusion of a printed culture supported by the written word, it required of that group a different modus operandi: formal education. The first letters schools at first, then the high schools later represented spaces established for the circulation of printing material in order that they should be read, divulged and comprehended. This survey intends at last to take a look at Protestantism which, in this context of self-affirmation, reserved a specific place to woman by working out a non formal educational proposal disseminated by printing material. Three models were highlighted in the reformed proposal: Christian education in itself, household education, whose references of motherhood and care towards the neighbor were present and, at last, education to the public space, with emphasis on the practice of teaching. This study also offers a brief dialogue between Brazil and Portugal because, when some periodic printing, book or something like that got to be published in one margin of the Atlantic Ocean, the other margin surely was affected by that feat, received it, divulged it, corroborating the argument in support of the circulation of these printings. It was not only the same language that survived in both maritime coasts; some protestant specificities also crossed out along that sea

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This research aims to analyze the concept of childhood in the dimension of educational practice, which is present in the regimental school and historically constructed power relations during the period 1910 to 1930, in Rio Grande do Norte. To contextualize this study, it is necessary to address the Bylaws of the School Groups (1915), the Internal Isolated Schools (1925) and Education Reform (1916). The expansion of education in the State, aiming at preparing the individual for the new capitalist social order was the concern of all governments of the first republic. During this period, the school is conceived as a privileged scenario of a set of practices aimed at disciplining the children, to explore, in some respects, the concept of childhood. Over time, this cocepção was constructed historically. In addition, the school receives children, which in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, are inserted into an educational process in line with the state, embodied in laws, regulations and school discursive practices

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Este artigo visa apontar a importância historiográfica de interpretar e compreender de maneira ampla e exaustiva as imagens, os discursos e demais vestígios que nos permitam ter acesso às sociabilidades, representações, projetos e práticas vivenciadas pelos habitantes das cidades do Brasil caipira, que apresentaram transformações geradas pela modernidade, no limiar do XX, em decorrência da nova dinâmica capitalista gerada pelos efeitos da expansão da economia cafeeira nessa região.