A randomized and controlled trial about the use of oral isotretinoin for photoaging

Topical retinoids are used to treat photoaging; oral isotretinoin is gold standard for acne; off label indications, including photoaging, have been reported with insufficient evidence of efficacy. This is a randomized controlled phase II trial with clinical and histological assessment to evaluate efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin for photoaging. Study population was comprised of 32 menopausal or sterilized women, aged 40-55, divided in 2 groups: A (21) received 20mg isotretinoin, 3 times per week, nightly moisturizer, and daily sunscreen, for three months; B (11) just moisturizer/sunscreen. Main outcome measures were: overall clinical assessment; profilometry, corneometer and elasticity tests in periocular regions and left forearm; before/after biopsies from left forearm in patients of B and in 10 randomly selected of A. Microscopic blinded evaluation of epidermal thickness, dermal elastosis, new collagen, p53 epidermal expression was performed by quantitative digital image analysis. All data were submitted to statistical analysis. Clinical evaluation showed slight improvement; profilometry, corneometer and skin elasticity tests presented significant difference in pre/post values (P = 0.001 to 0.028), but no differences between A/B. Histological findings and p53 expression were comparable between groups before treatment (P > 0.1); microscopic analysis showed no differences between groups for most variables, after treatment. Slight but significant difference between A/B for p53 with major reduction post isotretinoin [0.66±0.31 vs. 0.94±0.34 respectively (P = 0.04) was observed. There were minor side effects and no significant laboratory test alterations. We concluded that no significant clinical, microscopic changes but p53 epidermal expression reduction were observed. The role of ultra-violet induced p53 mutation in skin carcinogenesis reinforces retinoids chemoprevention. Oral isotretinoin seemed safe but not effective to treat photoaging. Caution should be considered for women prone to pregnancy. Further controlled studies are necessary. © 2010 The International Society of Dermatology.

CD63 e CD123 expressão, autoanticorpos IgG e acurácia do teste do soro autólogo em pacientes com urticária crônica

Introduction: The autologous serum skin test (ASST) may suggest an autoimmune etiology in chronic urticaria (CU). A new laboratory technique called basophil activation test (BAT) has been currently employed for its diagnosis. Objective: To analyze ASST in relation to BAT as well as to evaluate interleukin 3 (IL3) receptors (CD123) and non-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies bound to basophils in patients with chronic urticaria. Methods: We studied 33 adults with CU and mean age of 42.5 + 14 years. After stimulation by serum from patients with CU, CD63 expression on basophils from one atopic donor was analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we investigated CD123 and IgG autoantibody expressions. Results: The odds ratio (OR) between ASST and BAT was 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22 to 4.5). The ASST for autoimmune CU diagnosis showed an accuracy of 54.5%, sensitivity of 66%, specificity of 33%, positive predictive value of 63%, and negative predictive value of 36%. There was no statistical difference between the studied groups as to mean non-specific IgG and CD123 expressions (for a p < 0.05). Discussion: This study demonstrated that ASST has low accuracy in the diagnosis of autoimmune CU. Concerning other analyzed aspects, there was no statistical difference between positive ASST and negative ASST. Conclusions: Due to insufficient studies in this area and the relevance of this issue, further investigation is required.

Avaliação da eficácia e dos efeitos respiratórios da anestesia peridural torácica em cães

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da associação entre urticária crônica idiopática e autoimunidade tireóidea: aspectos clínicos, positividade do teste do soro autólogo da pele e expressão gênica do receptor de TSH

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Prevalência da co-infecção Leishmania/HIV em pacientes atendidos em unidades de referência do município de Belém

Com o objetivo de investigar a prevalência da co-infecção Leishmania/HIV em pacientes sorologicamente positivos para o HIV, sem histórico da co-infecção, foi realizado um estudo transversal através de análise de ficha clínico-epidemiológica aplicada aos pacientes registrados nas unidades de referência para aids em belém: CASA DIA e URE - DIPE, no período de julho a outubro de 2008. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 377 pacientes que concordaram em participar da pesquisa, por análise de IFI e PCR e em 55 deles foi realizada a IDRM. A média de idade foi de 38,2 anos e 59% dos pacientes era do sexo feminino. A carga viral média entre os 249 pacientes que apresentaram informações completas a respeito desta variável, foi de 30952,2. A IFI foi positiva em 08 pacientes e a PCR foi positiva em 22. Um total de 214 pacientes encontrva-se em tratamento com TARV. Foram registrados 218 pacientes com episódios de doenças associados à condição HIV positivos. Cinco pacientes relataram episódio de co-infecção M. leprae/HIV, e nenhum deles apresentou resultado positivo para Leishmania pela PCR. O uso de drogas intravenosas foi relatado por 27 pacientes, porém apenas um apresentou PCR positivo, indicando que a transmissão não foi do tipo inter-humana. Dentre os pacientes que foram submetidos à IDRM, nenhum apresentou reação positiva. No presente trabalho, a técnica de PCR foi mais sensível que a reação de IFI, 6% e 2%, respectivamente.

Further observations on clinical, histopathological, and immunological features of borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis

ABSTRACT: Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis has for some time been considered as the causative agent of two distinct forms of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL): localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), and anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL). Recently, a new intermediate form of disease, borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (BDCL), was introduced into the clinical spectrum of ACL caused by this parasite, and in this paper we record the clinical, histopathological, and immunological features of eight more BDCL patients from Brazilian Amazonia, who acquired the disease in the Pará state, North Brazil. Seven of them had infections of one to two years' evolution and presented with primary skin lesions and the occurrence of metastases at periods varying from six to 12 months following appearance of the first lesion. Primary skin lesions ranged from 1-3 in number, and all had the aspect of an erythematous, infiltrated plaque, variously located on the head, arms or legs. There was lymphatic dissemination of infection, with lymph node enlargement in seven of the cases, and the delayed hypersensitivity skin-test (DTH) was negative in all eight patients prior to their treatment. After that, there was a conversion of DTH to positive in five cases re-examined. The major histopathological feature was a dermal mononuclear infiltration, with a predominance of heavily parasitized and vacuolated macrophages, together with lymphocytes and plasma cells. In one case, with similar histopathology, the patient had acquired his infection seven years previously and he presented with the largest number of disseminated cutaneous lesions. BDCL shows clinical and histopathological features which are different from those of both LCL and ADCL, and there is a good prognosis of cure which is generally not so in the case of frank ADCL.

Epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar no município de Juruti, Pará

A leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) encontra-se em expansão no Estado do Pará, Brasil. Juruti é um dos 143 municípios desse Estado e atualmente cenário de grandes transformações ambientais devido à mineração de bauxita, o que poderá influenciar o padrão de transmissão. Objetivo: Este estudo buscou elucidar aspectos epidemiológicos relevantes para o controle da LT em Juruti. Materiais e Métodos: A frequência de LT e o perfil dos pacientes no hospital municipal "Francisco Barros" foram determinados de janeiro a dezembro/2007. Espécies de flebotomíneos silvestres existentes no entorno de uma área de prospecção da bauxita foram também descritas, durante levantamento entomológico em janeiro/2008 (armadilha Shannon/18h às 20h/2 noites). Em 21 indivíduos, portadores de lesão cutânea suspeita de LT, biópsias de pele foram realizadas entre fevereiro e junho de 2007. Neste grupo procedeu-se ao diagnóstico parasitológico (esfregaço corado e cultura), molecular e teste intradérmico de Montenegro. Utilizaram-se sondas de DNA ribossomal (PCR-SSUrDNA) gênero específicas (S4, S12; S17, S18) e de G6PD, para distinguir o subgênero Viannia (ISVC, ISVA: ISVC, ISVG) e a espécie L. (V.) braziliensis (ISVC, ISVA; ISVC, ISVB). Resultados: No ano de 2007 foram confirmados 42 casos novos de LT, com média mensal inferior a quatro (3,5 ± 0,8), maior frequência em julho (11) e menor em junho e novembro (0). A maioria dos pacientes foi de homens (41/42, 98%) com menos de 20 anos (<10 anos: 30%; 10-20: 57%; 20-40: 12%). A maioria também residia em localidades rurais (33/42, 79%), incluindo áreas impactadas pela mineração (19/42, 45%), e exercia atividades de risco (28/42, 67%). Doze eram funcionários de empresas (29%). A análise molecular das 21 amostras identificou 12 resultados positivos para o gênero Leishmania (57%), sendo 11 (52%) parasitologicamente confirmados. A PCRG6PD identificou 75% das amostras como sendo L. (V.) braziliensis. As demais (3/12, 25%) não hibridizaram com os oligonucleotídeos da PCR-G6PD e, por isso, os produtos da reação de nested-PCR SSUrDNA foram clonados e sequenciados, confirmando que se tratavam de Leishmania (Viannia) sp. Apenas 9/12 (75%) casos confirmados pelos métodos parasitológico e/ou olecular tiveram reações de hipersensibilidade tardia em resposta ao antígeno de Montenegro, cujos diâmetros variaram de 7 a 40mm (16,3 ± 3,2). Capturaram-se 105 flebotomíneos de 13 espécies nas seguintes frequências: 1- Lutzomyia (Ps.) geniculata (23, 22%), 2- Lutzomyia (Ps.) paraensis (21, 20%), 3- Lutzomyia (Ps.) complexa (18, 17%), 4-Lutzomyia (Ps.) davisi (10, 10%), 5- Lutzomyia (N.) flaviscutellata (13, 13%) e outras oito espécies (20, 18%). Discussão: Espécies de Leishmania do subgênero Viannia, sobretudo L. (V.) braziliensis predominam em Juruti, o que é compatível com o extenso diâmetro das reações cutâneas observadas ao antígeno de Montenegro e com os relatos comuns de persistência e recidiva, apesar do tratamento específico. Entre os flebotomíneos antropófilos destacam-se L. (Ps.) complexa (17%) e L. (Ps.) flaviscutellata (13%) por serem vetores de L. (V.) braziliensis e L. (L.) amazonensis respectivamente, associadas às formas severas da LT humana. Conclusão: Medidas de controle em Juruti devem priorizar a redução da morbidade, diagnóstico precoce, busca ativa de LT humana, vigilância entomológica e de microambientes no entorno da área de impacto de mineração.

Fenotipagem das populações celulares e detecção in situ de citocinas em biópsias de pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Ações antioxidantes e imunológicas do selênio em cães

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Validação da intradermoreação de Montenegro para diagnóstico de leishmaniose em felinos

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Up-regulation of chemokine C-C ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C chemokine 8 (CXCL8) expression by monocytes in chronic idiopathic urticaria

The disturbed cytokinechemokine network could play an important role in the onset of diseases with inflammatory processes such as chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Our main objectives were to evaluate the relation between proinflammatory chemokine serum levels from CIU patients and their response to autologous skin test (ASST) and basophil histamine release (BHR). We also aimed to assess the chemokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) upon polyclonal stimulus and to evaluate chemokine CC ligand 2/C-X-C chemokine 8 (CCL2/CXCL8) and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) expression in monocytes. We observed significantly higher serum levels of the CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CCL2 in CIU patients compared to the healthy group, regardless of the BHR or ASST response. The basal secretion of CCL2 by PBMC or induced by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) was higher in CIU patients than in the control group, as well as for CXCL8 and CCL5 secretions upon phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. Also, up-regulation of CCL2 and CXCL8 mRNA expression was found in monocytes of patients upon SEA stimulation. The findings showed a high responsiveness of monocytes through CCL2/CXCL8 expression, contributing to the creation of a proinflammatory environment in CIU.

A cross-sectional study on canine Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi infection in Amazonian Brazil ratifies a higher prevalence of specific IgG-antibody response than delayed-type hypersensitivity in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs

This was a cross-sectional study which analyzed the prevalence and the clinical and immunological spectrum of canine Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi infection in a cohort of 320 mongrel dogs living in an endemic area of American visceral leishmaniasis in the Amazonian Brazil by using, mainly, the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT-IgG) and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and the parasite research by the popliteal lymph node aspiration. The IFAT and DTH reactivity recognized three different immune response profiles: (1) IFAT((+))/DTH(-) (107 dogs), (2) IFAT((-))/DTH(+) (18 dogs), and (3) IFAT((+))/DTH(+) (13 dogs), providing an overall prevalence of infection of 43 % (138/320). Thus, the specific prevalence of IFAT ((+)) /DTH ((-)) 33.4 % (107/320) was higher than those of IFAT ((-)) /DTH ((+)) 5.6 % (18/320) and IFAT ((+)) /DTH ((+)) 4.0 % (13/320). Moreover, the frequency of these profiles among 138 infected dogs showed that the IFAT ((+)) /DTH ((-)) rate of 77.5 % (107/138) was also higher than those of 13.0 % (18/138) of IFAT ((-)) /DTH ((+)) and 9.5 % (13/138) of IFAT ((+)) /DTH ((+)) rates. The frequency of asymptomatic dogs (76 %-105) was higher than those of symptomatic (16.6 %-23) and oligosymptomatic ones (7.4 %-10). A total of 16 (11.6 %) L. (L.) i. chagasi isolates were obtained from infected dogs, all from the IFAT ((+)) /DTH ((-)) profile: 41 % (9/22) from symptomatic, 33.3 % (3/9) from oligosymptomatic, and 5.2 % (4/76) from asymptomatic dogs. These findings strongly suggested that despite the higher frequency of asymptomatic dogs (76 %-105), the majority (72.4 %-76) was characterized by the IFAT ((+)) /DTH ((-)) profile with a doubtful immunogenetic resistance against infection.

APPLICABILITY OF kDNA-PCR FOR ROUTINE DIAGNOSIS OF AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIASIS IN A TERTIARY REFERENCE HOSPITAL.

This study evaluated the applicability of kDNA-PCR as a prospective routine diagnosis method for American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in patients from the Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas (IIER), a reference center for infectious diseases in São Paulo - SP, Brazil. The kDNA-PCR method detected Leishmania DNA in 87.5% (112/128) of the clinically suspected ATL patients, while the traditional methods demonstrated the following percentages of positivity: 62.8% (49/78) for the Montenegro skin test, 61.8% (47/76) for direct investigation, and 19.3% (22/114) for in vitro culture. The molecular method was able to confirm the disease in samples considered negative or inconclusive by traditional laboratory methods, contributing to the final clinical diagnosis and therapy of ATL in this hospital. Thus, we strongly recommend the inclusion of kDNA-PCR amplification as an alternative diagnostic method for ATL, suggesting a new algorithm routine to be followed to help the diagnosis and treatment of ATL in IIER.

Individual IL-3 priming is crucial for consistent in vitro activation of donor basophils in patients with chronic urticaria

The in vivo autologous serum skin test (ASST) is the diagnostic gold standard to detect autoantibodies against FcεRI or IgE itself, as well as other autoreactive serum components, in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CU). Coincubation of patient sera with donor basophils and measuring their degranulation in vitro could be a safe alternative but has shown inconsistent results.

Diagnostic value of animal-side antibody assays for rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti infection in South American camelids

Tuberculosis (TB) in South American camelids (SAC) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti. Two serological methods, rapid testing (RT) and the dual-path platform (DPP) assay, were evaluated using naturally infected SAC. The study population included 156 alpacas and 175 llamas in Great Britain, Switzerland, and the United States. TB due to M. bovis (n = 44) or M. microti (n = 8) in 35 alpacas and 17 llamas was diagnosed by gross pathology examination and culture. Control animals were from herds with no TB history. The RT and the DPP assay showed sensitivities of 71% and 74%, respectively, for alpacas, while the sensitivity for llamas was 77% for both assays. The specificity of the DPP assay (98%) was higher than that of RT (94%) for llamas; the specificities of the two assays were identical (98%) for alpacas. When the two antibody tests were combined, the parallel-testing interpretation (applied when either assay produced a positive result) enhanced the sensitivities of antibody detection to 89% for alpacas and 88% for llamas but at the cost of lower specificities (97% and 93%, respectively), whereas the serial-testing interpretation (applied when both assays produced a positive result) maximized the specificity to 100% for both SAC species, although the sensitivities were 57% for alpacas and 65% for llamas. Over 95% of the animals with evidence of TB failed to produce skin test reactions, thus confirming concerns about the validity of this method for testing SAC. The findings suggest that serological assays may offer a more accurate and practical alternative for antemortem detection of camelid TB.