Conceptual Decolonization of Space: Worldview and Language in Anishinaabe Akiing

This dissertation examines the role of worldview and language in the cultural framework of American Indian people. In it I develop a theory of worldview which can be defined as an interrelated set of logics that orients a culture to space (land), time, the rest of life, and provides a prescription for understanding that life. Considering the strong links between language and worldview, it is methodologically necessary to focus on a particular language and culture to decolonize concepts of and relationships to land. In particular, this dissertation focuses on an Anishinaabe worldview as consisting of four components, which are; (1) an intimate relationship to a localized space; (2) a cyclical understanding of time; (3) living in a web of relatedness with all life, and (4) understanding the world around us in terms of balance. The methodological approach draws from Anishinaabemowin, the traditional Anishinaabe language, as a starting place for negotiating a linguistic-conceptual analysis of these logics to decolonize the understandings of land, time, relatedness and balance. This dissertation helps to demonstrate that the religious language as codified in the 1st Amendment to the United States Constitution as religious freedom is unable to carry the meaning of the fundamental relationships to land that are embedded in Anishinaabemowin and culture. I compare the above Anishinaabe worldview to that of the eurowestern culture in America, which is; (1) the domination of space; (2) a linear progression of time; (3) a hierarchical organization of life; and (4) understanding the world as a Manichean battle of good versus evil. This dissertation seeks to decolonize American Indian translational methodologies and undermine the assumptions of eurowestern cultural universality.

The European Resonance of Napoleon’s Defeat in Spain

The military event that sealed the defeat of Napoleon in Spain was the Battle of Vitoria on 21st June 1813, which saw the allied British, Spanish and Portuguese troops led by Wellington gain victory over Joseph Bonaparte's forces. It was the last great battle of what is known in Spain as the Guerra de la Independencia, in the United Kingdom as the Peninsular War and in France as the Guerre d'Espagne. While a sliver of Spanish territory remained under French control and the war itself went on for a few more months, it was the Battle of Vitoria that marked the end of Napoleon's rule on the Iberian Peninsula, as symbolised by the departure from Spain of Joseph Bonaparte, the monarch who had been imposed five years earlier to remove the Bourbons from the Spanish throne.

Journal of the British expedition from Detroit to Vincennes and its defeat by George Rogers Clark : manuscript, 1778-1782

Account of the British forces' expedition which captured Vincennes, Indiana in Dec. 1778, with an account of their eventual defeat in 1779 at the Battle of Vincennes by the American Revolutionary forces led by Col. George Rogers Clark.

Battlefield of Antietam, Sharpsburg, Maryland and vicinity, ca. 1862 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map: Map of the battlefield of Antietam, prepared by Wm. H. Willcox, Top. Off. & A.A.D.C. on Brig. Genl. Doubleday's staff from actual surveys ; J.G. Shoemaker, engr. 4th ed. It was published ca. 1862 by Lith. of P.S. Duval & Son. Scale [ca. 1:13,300]. Covers area in Washington County, Maryland including the Sharpsburg region and the Antietam National Battlefield. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Maryland State Plane Coordinate System (in Meters) (Fipszone 1900). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads and streets, houses, fences, vegetation, drainage, and artillery and Union and Confederate troop positions, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset: [Map of the environs of Sharpsburg]. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of the Civil War from the Harvard Map Collection. Many items from this selection are from a collection of maps deposited by the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Commandery of the State of Massachusetts (MOLLUS) in the Harvard Map Collection in 1938. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features, in particular showing places of military importance. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Battlefield of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia and vicinity, 1864 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map: Map of the battle field of Spottsylvania C.H. : showing the field of operations of the Army of the Potomac commanded by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade U.S.A., from May 8th to 21st, 1865 [i.e. 1864], surveyed under the orders of Bvt. Col. J.C. Duane, Major of Engineers, Chief Engineer, Army of the Potomac, by Bvt. Maj. C.W. Howell, 1st Lieut. of Engineers ; assisted by Messrs. L.C. Oswell, L. Bell, and R.B. Talfor ; J. Bien, lithographer, New York. It was published ca. 1865. Scale [1:15,840]. Covers area surrounding Spotsylvania and Spotsylvania Battlefield, Virginia. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Virginia State Plane North Coordinate System (in Meters) (Fipszone 4501). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, dwellings with names of inhabitants, vegetation, Union and Confederate troop lines and defenses, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes note. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of the Civil War from the Harvard Map Collection. Many items from this selection are from a collection of maps deposited by the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Commandery of the State of Massachusetts (MOLLUS) in the Harvard Map Collection in 1938. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features, in particular showing places of military importance. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Across the reef: the Marine assault of Tarawa /

Shipping list no.: 93-0617-P.

Two medieval satires on the University of Paris: La bataille des vii ars of Henri d'Andeli, and the Morale scolarium of John of Garland.

Series note varies: At head of title of v. 1 and on verso of t.-p of v. 2, Memoirs of the University of California. v. 4, no. 1, 2. History, v. 1, no. 1, 2.

The literature of the nineteenth of April, 1775-1875.

Mode of access: Internet.

The campaign of Marengo, with comments,

Mode of access: Internet.

The fighting bishop, John Strachan, first bishop of Toronto; and other essays in his times.

The fighting bishop.--The remarkable battle on Lake Erie.--The fight at Chateauguay.--Sir Francis Bond Head and the rebellion of '37.

San Jacinto, the sixteenth decisive battle,

Bibliography: 134-138.

Dixmude, the epic of the French marines (October 17- November 10, 1914)

U. of M. copy also bears imprint: Philadelpha, J. B. Lippincott co.

The elements of the great war ...

Published by T. Nelson and Sons, London [etc.] under title: A general sketch of the European War.

Pen pictures of British battles,

The victory of the Falkland islands, by R. Wilson.--The battle of the Marne, by Sir A.C. Doyle.--A glimpse of Canada in Flanders, by Lord Beaverbrook.--The second battle of Ypres, by J. Buchan.--The battle of Jutland Bank, by H.W. Wilson.--The charge at Loos of the London Irish.--The landing at V beach, near Sedd-el-Bahr, by J. Masefield.--The Coldstream guards at the battle of the Some, by 0P. Gibbs.--The moonlight battle for Baghdad, by E. Candler.--The battle of Arras, by P. Gibbs.--Warfare under water, by R. Kipling.

Journal of the Waterloo campaign, kept throughout the campaign of 1815,

Mode of access: Internet.