839 resultados para Tobacco use--Prevention


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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In Brazil, smoking incidence varies between 9.5% and 21.2% and it is more common among men. In college students incidence can reach 14% depending on the region, which is quite disturbing. Joining college is a crucial period for the commencement or maintenance of smoking. The Knowledge among college students about tobacco use is critical to devise strategies for intervention in this population. The objectives were to establish the occurrence of smoking and risk factors, nicotine dependence in college students and college goers. We interviewed students, teachers and administrative personnel from the Philosophy and Science School at UNESP at Marilia, from both sexes, regardless their age, which visited the First Week Against Tobacco event. The sociodemographic data, smoking status, time as a smoker, cigarettes smoked, date when they started smoking, history of smoking in the family, friends or associates were questioned. We also assessed the degree of motivation to quit smoking and the degree of nicotine dependence. Data were presented using descriptive statistics. Comparisons between categorical variables were made using the chi-square test (p <0.05). A total of 432 people, 180 men and 252 women, average aged 22.6 ± 6.9 years were researched. From the volunteers studied, 267 (61.8) had tried cigarettes and 171 of them (64%) reported that they were offered by friends. As a whole, 79 (18.3%) of these people were smokers, 52 (65.8%) reported intending to quit smoking and in 37 of them (46.8%), the degree of nicotine dependence was very low. Of all the smokers, 63 had smokers in the family and all of them had friends who smoked. 28.9% of all men were smokers and 10.7%of all women. The occurrence of smoking was 18.3% and the risk factor associated to smoking habit is related to friendship and family, and very low nicotine dependence.

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Background: Depression and anxiety are psychiatric disorders that are related to tobacco use and associated with dependence, the process of cessation, lapses and relapses after quitting smoking. Objective: To analyze the association of nicotine dependence with the level of anxiety and depression in patients who are in the process of smoking cessation. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with patients who sought the smoking cessation program in Cuiabá/MT. All the smokers enrolled from May to August 2012, participated in this study. Four instruments were applied: Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Fagerstrom test, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Following bivariate analysis, using the crude prevalence ratio, with level of significance lower than 5% (p < 0.05), having as variable outcome the nicotine dependence >= 5 (Fagerstrom). The associations with p < 0.20 were selected for robust Multiple Poisson Regression (RPa). Results: Associations of Fagerstrom >= 5 with the male sex (RP = 1.15 CI 95% 1.03-1.28); number of cigarettes/day (RP = 1,33; CI 95% 1.19-1.48); and moderate/severe level of depression (RP = 1.15; CI 95% 1.04-1.28) were found. In the final model (RPa), the following variables remained associated: male gender (RPa 1.12; CI 95% 1.01-1.24), number of cigarettes/day (RPa 1.28; CI 95% 1.15-1.43) and high level of depression (RPa 1.12; CI 95% 1.01-1.23). Discussion: High level of nicotine dependence was associated significantly with the level of depression, emphasizing the association between smoking and psychiatric comorbidities.

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Pancreatitis is a rare and a life-threatening SLE manifestation in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE). The objective of this study was to systematically classify pancreatitis in c-SLE according to the International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis (INSPPIRE) and determine the overall prevalence, clinical features, laboratory and first episode outcomes. A multicenter cohort study in 10 Pediatric Rheumatology centers, including 852 cSLE patients. Pancreatitis was diagnosed in 22/852 (2.6%) cSLE patients. It was classified as acute pancreatitis in 20 (91%), acute recurrent pancreatitis in 2 (9%) and none of them had chronic pancreatitis. None of them had gallstones, traumatic pancreatitis or reported alcohol/tobacco use. The comparison of patients with pancreatitis (first episode) and without this complication revealed a shorter disease duration [1(0-10) vs. 4(0-23) years, p < 0.0001] and higher median of SLEDAI-2K [21(0-41) vs. 2(0-45), p < 0.0001]. The frequencies of fever (p < 0.0001), weight loss (p < 0.0001), serositis (p < 0.0001), nephritis (p < 0.0001), arterial hypertension (p < 0.0001), acute renal failure (p < 0.0001), macrophage activation syndrome (p < 0.0001) and death (p = 0.001) were also higher in patients with pancreatitis. The frequencies of intravenous methylprednisolone use (p < 0.0001) and the median of prednisone dose [55(15-60) vs. 11(1-90)mg/day, p < 0.0001] were significantly higher in patients with pancreatitis. Of note, the two patients with acute recurrent pancreatitis had two episodes, with pain-free interval of 1 and 4 years. This was the first study characterizing pancreatitis using the INSPPIRE standardized definitions in patients with cSLE showing that the predominant form is acute pancreatitis seen in association with glucocorticoid treatment and active severe disease.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

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Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

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BACKGROUND: Actinic cheilitis, a common disease caused by chronic solar exposure and tobacco use, is considered a premalignant lesion with potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Some of the available treatments are invasive, have unaesthetic results and require multiple sessions. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a therapy and its cosmetic results. METHODS: In this uncontrolled clinical trial a single photodynamic therapy (PDT) session using 16% methyl-aminolevulinate was performed on actinic cheilitis of the lower lip. A standardized questionnaire was applied in order to assess the clinical improvement from the patients' point of view and the satisfaction with the treatment. Anatomopathological evaluation was performed before the treatment and two months afterwards. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 19 patients (10 males and 9 females), phototypes I to III, with average age of 62 years. Main adverse effects were: sudden pain, scabs, herpes flare-up, and edema. The average score of pain during the procedure was 5,8+2,9. At the final assessment the patients reported improvement of 80% and satisfaction of 85% (p<0.01). Anatomopathological analysis showed a significant decrease of dysplasia (p=0.03) in spite of its presence in 84% of cases. There was no significant correlation between the level of dysplasia with either the subjective impression of clinical improvement (p=0.82) or with the patients' final satisfaction (p=0.96). CONCLUSION: PDT is effective in the treatment of actinic cheilitis, but it is associated with a significant level of pain. Due to the persistence of dysplasia, more research needs to be done in order to define the ideal number of sessions for the effective treatment of these lesions.

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The main clinical manifestations of the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) result from the involvement of the cerebellum and its connections. Cerebellar activity has been consistently observed in functional imaging studies of olfaction, but the anatomical pathways responsible for this connection have not yet been elucidated. Previous studies have demonstrated olfactory deficit in SCA2, Friedreich's ataxia and in small groups of ataxia of diverse aetiology. The authors used a validated version of the 16-item smell identification test from Sniffin' Sticks (SS-16) was used to evaluate 37 patients with genetically determined autosomal dominant ataxia, and 31 with familial ataxia of unknown genetic basis. This data was also compared with results in 106 Parkinson's disease patients and 218 healthy controls. The SS-16 score was significantly lower in ataxia than in the control group (p<0.001, 95% CI for beta=0.55 to 1.90) and significantly higher in ataxia than in Parkinson's disease (p<0.001, 95% CI for beta=-4.58 to -3.00) when adjusted for age (p=0.001, 95% CI for beta=-0.05 to -0.01), gender (p=0.19) and history of tobacco use (p=0.41). When adjusted for general cognitive function, no significant difference was found between the ataxia and control groups. This study confirms previous findings of mild hyposmia in ataxia, and further suggests this may be due to general cognitive deficits rather than specific olfactory problems.

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Esta pesquisa visou a avaliar a associação entre o consumo de substâncias (álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas) e problemas familiares numa amostra de 965 adolescentes em 50 escolas públicas de dois municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2007. Foi utilizado o Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) para a coleta de dados. O uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas foi associado à avaliação negativa da relação familiar, à falta de suporte/monitoramento e ao uso de substâncias por familiares (p < 0,05). Os estudantes que relataram ter feito uso de substâncias apresentaram mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que não consumiram nenhuma substância (p < 0,001). Os adolescentes que usaram álcool e tabaco (p = 0,028) e drogas ilícitas (p < 0,001) relataram ter mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que usaram apenas álcool. Os resultados apontam para a importância de se ficar atento ao consumo de álcool e tabaco entre os adolescentes, já que o relato do consumo das duas substâncias esteve associado a prejuízos familiares significativos, semelhantes ao uso de drogas ilícitas.

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The topic of tobacco smoking, in its several aspects, has been receiving increasing attention among researchers over the past few years, which has been reflected in more data and more solid scientific literature on the subject in national journals. This article aims to review the studies that focused on smoking published between January 2010 and June 2012, in Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (Brazilian Archives of Cardiology), Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, Clinics (Sao Paulo), Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia (Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology), Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (Journal of the Brazilian Medical Association) and Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery). During the aforementioned period 58 articles were published, 52 of which were original ones, addressing several aspects of smoking, such as effects on health, epidemiology, cessation and experimental studies.

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O tema tabagismo, em seus vários aspectos, vem recebendo crescente atenção entre os pesquisadores ao longo dos últimos anos, o que tem se refletido em maior e mais sólida produção científica sobre o assunto em periódicos nacionais. Este artigo tem como objetivo comentar os estudos que abordaram o tema tabagismo publicados entre janeiro de 2010 e junho de 2012, nas revistas Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, Clinics (São Paulo), Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira e Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular. No período foram publicados 58 artigos, 52 originais, abordando variados aspectos, como efeitos na saúde, epidemiologia, cessação e estudos experimentais.