Both English and Latin: Bilingualism and Biculturalism in Milton's Neo-Latin Writings (219pp.)

Review by Emma A. Wilson, Milton Quarterly 49.1 (March, 2015), 54-59:

‘This volume provides an invaluable new perspective on both Milton’s neo-Latin poems and also the major vernacular poetry by insisting politely but firmly upon the bilingualism of their author and the manifest effects of that bilingualism upon style and intertextuality in his corpus. Through a dextrous combination of manuscript research, modern understandings of bilingualism, and crucially meticulous and demanding close readings, this volume succeeds in vivifying a wealth of new relationships between Milton’s neo-Latin works and his vernacular poems … Haan is expert in probing and elucidating the multiple linguistic and cultural lenses through which Milton projects his work, and the resulting volume brings a new set of historical contexts and consequences for both the major and minor texts, whilst also more importantly furnishing an exciting new method with which to approach these works as a whole ... Haan's linguistic expertise and meticulous archival research combine to create a critical work in which discoveries gradually accumulate and speak to one another in very specific, nuanced dialogues between chapters ... opening up exciting new reading vistas ... The final two chapters, in which Haan harvests some of the fruits of her considerable and fantastic labor in the archives and in current linguistic research into bilingualism, bring to light fresh perspectives on some of Milton's major published poetic works.’


Both English and Latin: Bilingualism and Biculturalism in Milton’s Neo-Latin Writings (2012) (Back Cover):

Gordon Campbell, University of Leicester:
‘Estelle Haan is the world’s foremost authority on Milton’s Latin poetry, and probably the most distinguished student of that poetry in the history of critical commentary. This is a work of extraordinary authority written by a scholar at the height of her powers. In short, this is a terrific book, elegant and informative.’

Anne Mahoney, Tufts University:
‘This book ssucceeds in presenting Milton's poetry as a single, unified body of work. Its biggest strength is the many close readings of Milton's Latin verse as engagements with classical Latin literature. In addition to introducing the Latin verse to new readers, it provides a new approach to Paradise Lost, one that accounts for one of the difficulties of Milton’s text—its language—in a novel way.’


Abstract:

Both English and Latin examines the interplay of Latin and English in a selection of John Milton's neo-Latin writings. It argues that this interplay is indicative of an inherent bilingualism that proceeds hand-in-hand with a self-fashioning that is bicultural in essence. Interlingual flexibility ultimately proved central to the poet of Paradise Lost, an epic uniquely characterized by its Latinate vernacular and its vernacular Latinitas.

'Neo-Latin Writing in the British Isles'

This chapter seeks to identify cultural and generic trends and authorial methodologies that may serve to unify or to differentiate between the histories of neo-Latin literature in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. It considers ways in which Latin served to bridge horizontal spaces (both physical and metaphorical) between four British regions, between neo-Latin writers in Britain and their continental predecessors and peers, and between Latin and the respective vernacular(s). It also examines vertical spaces (both chronological and cultural) between the neo-Latin and the classical Latin text, and between the linear demarcations of ‘early modern’, ‘Augustan’ and ‘Romantic’. An assessment of links between nationhood and the neo-Latin text as evinced by anthologies, antiquarian and quasi-historical writing, is followed by examples of generic continuity and metamorphosis in the British neo-Latin pastoral, ode and epigram. The concluding sections offer two generic case-studies (neo-Latin epic and didactic) both of which, it is argued, engendered the birth of specifically British versions of the mock-heroic and mock-didactic.

Quality of life in men receiving radiotherapy and neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation for prostate cancer:Results from a prospective longitudinal study

Aim. To report a study measuring the quality of life and side effects in men receiving radiotherapy and hormone ablation for prostate cancer up to 1year after treatment. Background. Prostate cancer incidence is increasing with the result that more men are living longer with the disease and the side effects of treatment. It is important to know the effects this has on their quality of life. Design. Survey. Method. Between September 2006-September 2007, all men who were about to undergo radical conformal radiotherapy ± neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation for localized prostate cancer were invited to participate in the study; 149 men were recruited. They completed the European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire C-30 and Prostate Cancer module PR25 at four time-points. Results. At 4-6weeks after radiotherapy, participants experienced the biggest relative decline in global quality of life, social, physical, and role functioning and an increase in treatment side effects. At 6months postradiotherapy the majority of men experienced an improvement in their side effects. However, a minority of men were experiencing severe side effects of radiotherapy at 1year post-treatment. Single men and men who had a low quality of life prior to radiotherapy, reported a lower quality of life at 1year after treatment in comparison to married men. Conclusion. Men with prostate cancer suffer limitations due to the symptoms they experience and disruption to their quality of life. It is essential that nurses develop and deliver follow-up care which is flexible and appropriate to the individual needs of these men. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Telling stories of 21st Century welfare: the UK Coalition Government and the neo-liberal discourse of worklessness and dependency’ Critical Social Policy

Policy documents are a useful source for understanding the privileging of particular ideological and policy preferences (Scrase and Ockwell, 2010) and how the language and imagery may help to construct society’s assumptions, values and beliefs. This article examines how the UK Coalition government’s 2010 Green Paper, 21st Century Welfare, and the White Paper, Universal Credit: Welfare that Works, assist in constructing a discourse about social security that favours a renewal and deepening of neo-liberalization in the context of threats to its hegemony. The documents marginalize the structural aspects of persistent unemployment and poverty by transforming these into individual pathologies of benefit dependency and worklessness. The consequence is that familiar neo-liberal policy measures favouring the intensification of punitive conditionality and economic rationality can be portrayed as new and innovative solutions to address Britain’s supposedly broken society and restore economic competitiveness.

Coelum non animum muto? Milton's Neo-Latin Poetry and Catholic Italy

Milton’s Elegiarum Liber, the first half of his Poemata published in Poems of Mr John Milton Both English and Latin (1645), concludes with a series of eight Latin epigrams: five bitterly anti-Catholic pieces on the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605, followed by three encomiastic poems hymning the praises of an Italian soprano, Leonora Baroni, singing in Catholic Rome. The disparity in terms of subject matter and tone is self-evident yet surprising in an epigrammatic series that runs sequentially. Whereas the gunpowder epigrams denigrate Rome, the Leonora epigrams present the city as a cultured hub of inclusivity, the welcome host of a Neapolitan soprano. In providing the setting for a human song that both enthrals its audience and attests to the presence of a divine power, Rome now epitomizes something other than brute idolatry, clerical habit or doctrine. And for the poet this facilitates an interrogation of theological (especially Catholic) doctrines. Coelum non animum muto, dum trans mare curro wrote the homeward-bound Milton in the autograph book of Camillo Cardoini at Geneva on 10 June 1639. But that this was an animus that could indeed acclimatize to religious and cultural difference is suggested by the Latin poems which Milton “patch [ed] up” in the course of his Italian journey. Central to that acclimatisation, as this chapter argues, is Milton’s quasi-Catholic self-fashioning. Thus Mansus offers a poetic autobiography of sorts, a self-inscribed vita coloured by intertextually kaleidoscopic links with two Catholic poets of Renaissance Italy and their patron; Ad Leonoram 1 both invokes and interrogates Catholic doctrine before a Catholic audience only to view the whole through the lens of a neo-Platonic hermeticism that may refreshingly transcend religious difference. Finally, Epitaphium Damonis, composed upon Milton’s return home, seems to highlight the potential interconnectedness of Protestant England and Catholic Italy, through the Anglo-Italian identity of its deceased subject, and through a pseudo-monasticism suggested by the poem’s possible engagement with the hagiography of a Catholic Saint. Perhaps continental travel and the physical encounter with the symbols, personages and institutions of the other have engendered in the Milton of the Italian journey a tolerance or, more accurately, the manipulation of a seeming tolerance to serve poetic and cultural ends.


First reviewer:
Haan: a fine piece by the senior neo-Latinist in Milton studies.

Second reviewer:
Chapter 7 is ... a high-spot of the collection. Its argument that in his Latin poetry Milton’s is a ‘quasi-Catholic self-fashioning’ stressing ‘the potential interconnectedness of Protestant England and Catholic Italy’ is striking and is advanced with learning, clarity and insight. Its sensitive exploration of the paradox of Milton’s coupling of humanistically complimentary and tolerant address to Roman Catholic friends with fiercely Protestant partisanship demonstrates that there is much greater complexity to his poetic persona than the self-construction and self-presentation of the later works would suggest. The essay is always adroit and sure-footed, often critically acute and illuminating (as, for example, in its discussion of the adjective and adverb mollis and molliter in Mansus, or in the identification in n. 99 of hitherto unnoticed Virgilian echoes). It has the added merits of being very well written, precise and apt in its citation of evidence, and absolutely central to the concerns of the volume.

Hormone profiling in a novel enteroendocrine cell line pGIP/neo:STC-1

GIP is a peptide hormone of therapeutic interest in type 2 diabetes and obesity. This study evaluated pGIP/neo STC-1 as a potential K-cell model for studying GIP secretion.

A longitudinal study of coping strategies in men receiving radiotherapy and neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation for prostate cancer: a quantitative and qualitative study.

Aim: This paper reports a study on how men cope with the side-effects of radiotherapy and neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation for prostate cancer up to 1 year after treatment.

Background: With early detection and improved treatments, prostate cancer survivors are living longer with the disease and the side-effects of treatment. How they cope affects their long-term physical and mental health.

Design: A prospective, longitudinal, exploratory design using both qualitative and quantitative methods was used in this study.

Method: Between September 2006–September 2007 149 men who were about to undergo radical radiotherapy ± androgen deprivation for localized prostate cancer in Northern Ireland were recruited to the study. They completed the Brief Cope scale at four time-points.

Results: Acceptance, positive reframing, emotional support, planning and, just getting on with it, were the most common ways of coping. Fewer men used coping strategies less at 6 months and 1 year after radiotherapy in comparison to pre-treatment and 4–6 weeks after radiotherapy. Interviews with these men demonstrated that men adapted to a new norm, with the support of their wives/partners and did not readily seek professional help. A minority of men used alcohol, behavioural disengagement and self blame as ways of coping.

Conclusion: Men used a variety of ways of coping to help them deal with radiotherapy and neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation for up to 12 months after radiotherapy. Interventions need to be developed to take account of the specific needs of partners of men with prostate cancer and single men who have prostate cancer.

England, Neo-Latin, and the Continental Journey: Linguistic and Textual Itineraries

This chapter examines the ramifications of continental travel and associated epistolary communication for English poets of the period. It argues that recourse to neo-Latin, the universal language of diplomacy, served not only to establish a sense of shared space—linguistic, cultural, generic—between England and the continent, but also to signal self-conscious differences (climatic, geographical, historical, political) between England and her continental peers. Through an investigation of a range of ‘performances’ on stages that were ‘academic’, poetic, autobiographical, and epistolographic, it assesses the central role of neo-Latin as a language that underwent a series of textual itineraries. These ‘itineraries’ manifest themselves in a number of ways. Neo-Latin as a shared linguistic medium can facilitate, and quite uniquely so, intertextual engagement with the classics, but now ancient Rome, its language, its mythology, its hierarchy of genres, are viewed through a seventeenth-century lens and appropriated by poets in both England and Italy to describe contemporary events, whether personal, or political. Close examination of the neo-Latin poetry of Milton and Marvell reveals, it is argued, a self-fashioning coloured by such textual itineraries and interchanges. The absorption and replication of continental literary and linguistic methodologies (the academic debate; the etymological play of Marinism; the hybridity of neo-Latin and Italian voices) reveal in short a linguistic and textual reciprocity that gave birth to something very new.

Employing neo-Durkheimian institutional theory in crosscultural accounting research

Purpose
Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory, as developed by the anthropologist Mary Douglas, is proposed as a suitable theory base for undertaking cross-cultural accounting research. Her social theory provides a structure for examining within-country and cross-country actions and behaviours of different groups and communities. It avoids associating nations and cultures, instead contending any nation will comprise four different solidarities engaging in constant
dialogues. Further, it is a dynamic theory able to take account of cultural change.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper establishes a case for using neo-Durkheimian institutional theory in cross-cultural accounting research by specifying the key components of the theory and addressing common criticisms. To illustrate how the theory might be utilised in the domain of accounting and finance research, a comparative interpretation of the different experiences of financialization in Germany and the UK is provided drawing on Douglas’s grid-group schema.

Findings (mandatory)
Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory is deemed sufficiently capable of interpreting the
behaviours of different social groups and is not open to the same criticisms as Hofstede’s
work. Differences in Douglasian cultural dialogues in the post-1945 history of Germany and
the UK provide an explanation of the variations in the comparative experiences of
financialization.

Gestualidade e expressão musical : estudo experimental sobre a aplicação da teoria do movimento de Rudolf Laban na aprendizagem da regência e seus efeitos na performance e na expressividade musical

A presente investigação teve como objectivo aplicar, em contexto experimental, alguns conceitos e técnicas da Teoria do Movimento de Rudolf Laban numa acção de formação em regência e avaliar os respectivos efeitos nas competências gestuais dos regentes nela participantes. O estudo teve como base teórica o principio de que a gestualidade do regente é uma “manifestação exterior de impulsos interiores…” (Laban, 1978:32) e que a música, na sua essência, é uma “forma simbólica do sentimento humano”, “um movimento sonoro”, “… um análogo da vida emotiva”. (Susanne Langer, 1980:28) Com a adopção destes pressupostos procurou dar-se coerência às diferentes componentes envolvidas na problemática desta investigação. A parte experimental do estudo teve quatro momentos distintos. No primeiro, foi realizada uma gravação-vídeo para documentar os desempenhos dos estagiários antes da realização das formações (gravação pre-test). No segundo momento, os estagiários tiveram ocasião de frequentar um curso de Movimento Laban ministrado por um especialista nesta matéria, convidado para o efeito. Esta acção de formação terminou com uma gravação-vídeo, efectuada nas mesmas condições técnicas e programáticas da anterior (gravação post-test). Em terceiro lugar, realizou-se, sob orientação do autor do presente estudo, uma segunda acção de formação com o objectivo de plasmar os conceitos e técnicas de Laban na gestualidade específica da regência. Como corolário desta formação, foi realizado o último registo-vídeo (gravação repost-test). Estas gravações foram posteriormente editadas sem alterações técnicas e de conteúdo. Os dados, nelas constantes, foram analisados e avaliados por dois especialistas em regência, a partir de questionários previamente concebidos e fornecidos para o efeito. Após leitura dos pareceres dos especialistas expressos nesses questionários, o autor do presente estudo concluiu que a aplicação dos princípios e técnicas de Laban ao ensino da regência podem contribuir para promover, extensivamente, as competências gestuais dos regentes, tanto no plano da sua funcionalidade, como na sua dimensão expressiva.

Padrões de interacção num ambiente de aprendizagem colaborativa a distância : um estudo de caso com conteúdos estruturados segundo a teoria da flexibilidade cognitiva

A Globalização a que assistimos actualmente traz consigo exigências que a Sociedade deve responder de forma efectiva e adequada. O eLearning constitui, assim, uma realidade capaz de congregar esforços no sentido de permitir a construção de comunidades empenhadas em adquirir as competências necessárias para enfrentar os desafios propostos pela Globalização. É nesta perspectiva que apresentamos este estudo que procura, na sua essência, compreender o processo de interacção num ambiente de aprendizagem colaborativo a distância entre alunos de Línguas Clássicas. Cientes da importância de promover uma aprendizagem com significado para os alunos, foram desenvolvidos conteúdos que representaram o conhecimento segundo os pressupostos pedo-didácticos da Teoria da Flexibilidade Cognitiva de forma a serem trabalhados colaborativamente pelos participantes no fórum de discussão online Scaena. O trabalho desenvolvido pelos alunos decorreu ao longo de três sessões e foi integrado na disciplina de Tecnologia Educativa constante do programa curricular do 2º Semestre do 4º Ano da Licenciatura de Português, Latim e Grego, no ano lectivo de 2004-05. De índole qualitativa, a investigação efectuada privilegiou a análise de conteúdo a fim de proceder ao tratamento de dados. Para o efeito foi, ainda, utilizado o software de análise NUD*IST. Os resultados relevaram a ocorrência de padrões de interacção em todas as dimensões de análise, assim como tornaram evidente o processo de construção de conhecimento flexível numa plataforma de ensino online. Por último, os resultados apurados confirmam as mais-valias da utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação para os Estudos Clássicos em contexto educativo. São, ainda, apresentadas sugestões para futuros estudos. ABSTRACT: The Globalisation we witness nowadays brings with it demands to which Society has to answer effectivelly and adequatelly. eLearning constitutes, therefore, a reality capable of congregating efforts towards allowing for the construction of communities involved in acquiring the necessary competences to face the challenges proposed by Globalisation. It is against this background that we present this study which aims, in its essence, at understanding the process of interaction in a collaborative distance learning environment between Classical Languages students. Being aware of the importance of promoting learning that is meaningful for the students, contents were developed representing knowledge according to Cognitive Flexibility Theory pedagogical and didactic principles. These would have to be worked on collaboratively by the participants in the study in the online discussion fórum Scaena. The work developed by the students evolved along three sessions and was integrated in the subject Educational Technology, which was part of the curriculum of the Portuguese, Latin and Greek Teacher Education Degree, 2nd Semestre, 4th year, in the academic year of 2004-05. Of a qualitative nature, the study conducted priviledged content analysis of data. For this effect the analysis software NUD*IST was used. Results revealed the occurrence of interaction patterns in all dimensions of analysis as well as the evidence of the process of flexible construction of knowledge in an oline learning platform. Finally the results obtained confirm the added value of the use of Information and Communication Technologies for Classical Studies in the educational context. Suggestions for future studies are put forward.