Addressing fragmentation in EU mobile telecom markets. Bruegel Policy Contribution ISSUE 2015/13, July 2015

- Mobile telecommunications markets are an important part of the European Commission’s strategy for the completion of the European Union Digital Single. The use of mobile telecommunications – particularly mobile data access – is growing and becoming an increasingly important input for the economy. - The EU currently does not have a unified mobile telecommunications market. The EU compares favourably to the United States in terms of prices and connection speed, but lags behind in terms of coverage of high-speed 4G wireless connections. -Europe’s long-term goal should be to make data access easier by increasing highspeed wireless coverage while keeping prices down for users. An increase in cross-border competition could help to achieve that goal. - The Commission has two important levers to help stimulate cross-border supply:(a) ensuring competition in intra-country mobile markets in order to provide an incentive for operators to expand into other jurisdictions, and (b) reducing mobile operators’ costs of expansion into multiple EU countries. The further development of policies on international roaming and radio spectrum management will be central to this effort.

Estrutura societária e controle minoritário no Brasil Telecom: análise do poder exercido pelo Opportunity de 2003 a 2005

Desde meados dos anos 1990 o ambiente de negócios brasileiro tem passado por um relevante incremento na sofisticação da modelagem de estruturas societárias para grandes empreendimentos, um tipo de conhecimento que, porém, fica na maior parte restrito aos participantes desses empreendimentos e seus assessores jurídicos e financeiros. No caso da estruturação societária da Brasil Telecom, entretanto, foi possível ter acesso a todos os documentos e informações necessários ao estudo dessa estrutura, devido à enorme quantidade de litígios judiciais em que essa companhia esteve envolvida por quase dez anos, nos quais se pode obter a maior parte dos documentos analisados neste trabalho. Esse material é precioso, pois o caso da Brasil Telecom, conhecido como um dos maiores do direito societário brasileiro, tem uma peculiaridade muito importante: o grupo era gerido por um acionista minoritário, o grupo Opportunity, que exerceu poder de controle durante esses dez anos, apesar de sua diminuta participação societária e da forte oposição que sofreu dos acionistas majoritários por quase todo o tempo em que exerceu esse poder. O objetivo desse trabalho é revelar as técnicas jurídicas que permitiram o exercício desse poder, bem como buscar entender por que, apesar de tanta oposição dos demais acionistas e da enorme litigiosidade, anos transcorreram até que o Opportunity fosse definitivamente afastado da administração e do exercício do poder de controle da Brasil Telecom.

X ray wavelengths /

"Contract No. AT(30-1)-2543."

Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using the first- and second-order diffraction wavelengths of Bragg gratings

A method of discriminating between temperature and strain effects in fibre sensing using a conventionally written, in-fibre Bragg grating is presented. The technique uses wavelength information from the first and second diffraction orders of the grating element to determine the wavelength dependent strain and temperature coefficients, from which independent temperature and strain measurements can be made. The authors present results that validate this matrix inversion technique and quantify the strain and temperature errors which can arise for a given uncertainty in the measurement of the reflected wavelength.

Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using the first- and second-order diffraction wavelengths of Bragg gratings

A method of discriminating between temperature and strain effects in fibre sensing using a conventionally written, in-fibre Bragg grating is presented. The technique uses wavelength information from the first and second diffraction orders of the grating element to determine the wavelength dependent strain and temperature coefficients, from which independent temperature and strain measurements can be made. The authors present results that validate this matrix inversion technique and quantify the strain and temperature errors which can arise for a given uncertainty in the measurement of the reflected wavelength.

Optical spectral broadening and supercontinuum generation in telecom applications

We overview the recent development in applications of spectral broadening and supercontinuum generation in the field of optical communications. Special attention is dedicated to recent results obtained in our research groups. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.