Risk perception and stages of smoking acquisition = Percepción de riesgo y etapas de iniciación en el consumo de tabaco

The purpose of this descriptive survey was to investigate the risk perceptions of smoking in a sample of 1,510 Spanish adolescents(49.1% males; mean age = 14.03; SD = 1.28). In addition, the present research categorised adolescents into one of the fourstages of smoking acquisition, as described by the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TMC): Precontemplation (notthinking about trying smoking in the next 6 months), Contemplation (thinking about trying smoking in the next 6 months), Preparation (thinking about starting smoking in the next 30 days) and Action (smokers), by gender and age. The results showed that age and risk perceptions are important variables in the progression through the stages of change towards regular tobacco consumption (Action stage). These results clearly demonstrate the importance of starting antismoking campaigns at an early age to prevent smoking acquisition or the thought of starting in the near future. These findings also highlight the need to continuously remind adolescents about the negative consequences of smoking

Análisis arqueomorfológico de la llanura litoral al Norte de Valencia. Estructuración territorial y revisión de las tramas centuriadas

This paper is the result of the archaeo-morphological analysis of an area located to the north of the city of Valencia (Spain). This research has been developed in the context of one of the author’s PhD, which aims to analyse the whole of the city’s historical territory. The morphology of Valencia’s historical landscape and its different features have been analysed with a diachronic and multidisciplinary approach, combining data obtained from different types of analysis and through methodological procedures based on archaeo-morphology, traditional archaeology and landscape archaeology. For the first time, this methodology has been used in this territory. The results obtained represent a challenge regarding traditionally defended theses.

Competencia en precios entre operadores turísticos españoles

El presente articulo analiza el grado de competencia en precios de los operadores turísticos que ofrecen hoteles del litoral peninsular español y que compiten en el segmento que demanda 'sol y playa'. Plantea la hipótesis de que los precios para un mismo hotel (que en la mayoría de casos es ofrecido por más de un operador) no pueden presentar diferencias sustanciales al tratarse de la comercialización de productos homogéneos. El análisis se realiza a partir de la explotación de diferentes catálogos de operadores turísticos y toma como muestra tres poblaciones de la Costa Brava (Lloret de Mar, Blanes y Tossa de Mar). El estudio se ha realizado para el régimen de pensión completa (que es el mayoritario) y se han introducido los precios de unas fechas clave de la temporada turística. Las medidas estadísticas utilizadas han sido básicamente el porcentaje que representan el precio máximo y el precio mínimo de cada hotel y para cada fecha respecto al precio medio, la suma de dichos porcentajes, con un coeficiente corrector función del numero de operadores, la desviación estándar, y el coeficiente de variación de Pearson . Asimismo, para corroborar las explicaciones a los resultados obtenidos del análisis empírico se contactó con algunos de dichos operadores. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la distancia media entre el precio máximo y el precio mínimo se sitúa alrededor del 8,67%, lo que se nos antoja una corta diferencia de precios, con lo que se corroboraría la hipótesis de partida. Dichas diferencias se acortan en las fechas de mayor demanda debido a que los operadores aprovechan para realizar más beneficios

Análisis de la fiabilidad de indicadores para sistemas de seguimiento de precios en los mercados

Para este trabajo se ha desarrollado un programa en Matlab, que nos permite realizar ensayos con algunas de las herramientas fundamentales del análisis técnico. Concretamente nos hemos centrado en el “Indicador de Movimiento Direccional” de Wilder. El programa está formado por seis funciones que permiten descargar datos, hacer la simulación del indicador, ajustar automáticamente algunos de sus parámetros y presentar los resultados obtenidos en la simulación. Con los experimentos y simulaciones realizadas se ha visto la importancia de escoger adecuadamente los períodos de ±DIs (indicadores direccionales positivo y negativo) y el ADX (Average Directional Movement Index). También hemos visto que la reglas decisión apuntadas por autores de reconocido prestigio como Cava y Ortiz ,no siempre se comportan como cabría esperar. Se propone mejorar el rendimiento y la fiabilidad de este indicador Incluyendo alguna media móvil de los precios y el volumen de contratación, en los criterios de decisión. También se podría mejorar implementando un sistema para que se pudiesen autoajustar los criterios de decisión.

Estimation of transpiration of the 'Valencia' orange young plant using thermal dissipation probe method

Most studies on measures of transpiration of plants, especially woody fruit, relies on methods of heat supply in the trunk. This study aimed to calibrate the Thermal Dissipation Probe Method (TDP) to estimate the transpiration, study the effects of natural thermal gradients and determine the relation between outside diameter and area of xylem in 'Valencia' orange young plants. TDP were installed in 40 orange plants of 15 months old, planted in boxes of 500 L, in a greenhouse. It was tested the correction of the natural thermal differences (DTN) for the estimation based on two unheated probes. The area of the conductive section was related to the outside diameter of the stem by means of polynomial regression. The equation for estimation of sap flow was calibrated having as standard lysimeter measures of a representative plant. The angular coefficient of the equation for estimating sap flow was adjusted by minimizing the absolute deviation between the sap flow and daily transpiration measured by lysimeter. Based on these results, it was concluded that the method of TDP, adjusting the original calibration and correction of the DTN, was effective in transpiration assessment.

XIIa olimpiada Helsinki 20de julio - 4de agosto 1940 programa horario y precios de entradas

kuv., 14 x 22 cm

Quality of 'Delta Valencia' orange grown in semiarid climate and stored under refrigeration after coating with wax

The effects of carnauba-based wax on the quality of 'Delta Valencia' orange produced in Ceará state, Brazil, were studied. The fruits were coated with carnauba-based wax and refrigerated (7 ± 2 ºC and 85 ± 2% R.H.) for 28 days. The quality attribute parameters assessed were weight loss, peel color (brightness, hue angle, and chromaticity), peel moisture, pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, yellow flavonoids, and polyphenols. The results showed that 'Delta Valencia' oranges grown in the dry climate of Ceará state has excellent quality. The coated fruits lost mass at a lower rate than the the control fruits. No significant loss of soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and SS/TA ratio was observed, while ascorbic acid, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, yellow flavonoids, and polyphenols increased during storage in both the coated and control fruits. Carnauba-based wax coated fruits showed no signal of dehydration keeping their shiny green peel up to the end of the storage. The use of coating was crucial for the maintenance of visual quality by reducing mass loss, as well as keeping peel moisture.

Influência da mesa densimétrica na qualidade de sementes de cultivares de tabaco

As informações disponíveis sobre beneficiamento de sementes pequenas e, em especial de tabaco, cujas sementes apresentam diferenças acentuadas no peso específico em virtude da desuniformidade de maturação, são reduzidas. Assim sendo, é importante estudar a influência da utilização da mesa densimétrica na qualidade de sementes dessa espécie. O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os atributos fisiológicos e sanitários de sementes de tabaco, beneficiadas em mesa densimétrica. Foram realizados ensaios independentes utilizando sementes de sete cultivares. Inicialmente, as sementes foram limpas em máquinas de ar e a seguir beneficiadas em mesa densimétrica. O eixo terminal de descarga da mesa densimétrica de largura 50 cm foi dividido em quatro partes mais a bica de saída de pedras. Os tratamentos constituíram-se em seis frações obtidas, uma no depósito da alimentação, quatro nas partes alta, intermediária alta, intermediária baixa e baixa e uma na bica de saída de pedras. As sementes de tabaco descarregadas na parte alta da zona de descarga da mesa densimétrica apresentaram qualidade fisiológica significativamente superior às sementes descarregadas nas partes baixas. O descarte das sementes descarregadas na parte baixa da mesa densimétrica contribui para o aprimoramento da qualidade fisiológica de lotes de sementes de tabaco.