Papel do direito na implementação de projetos de PSE e REDD+

A presente dissertação de mestrado consiste em um estudo de caso de três programas de pagamento por serviços ecossistêmicos - PSE, que ajudaram a definir o papel que o direito deve assumir na implementação e manutenção desses mecanismos. Buscou-se, primeiramente, delimitar algumas bases teóricas, sobretudo, o que se entende por desenvolvimento sustentável e sustentabilidade institucional. Para tanto, optamos por demonstrar a evolução conceitual de serviços ambientais para serviços ecossistêmicos e entender este como uma segunda fase daquele, destacando os reflexos desse entendimento na estrutura jurídica dos programas de pagamento por serviços ambientais, que optamos por chama-lo de pagamento por serviços ecossistêmicos. Em seguida, descrevemos toda a evolução das discussões sobre REDD+, exemplo de PSE, para enfatizar os desafios que o direito assume com essa nova concepção de serviços ecossistêmicos. A experiência indica que o sucesso dos programas analisados são, em grande medida, consequência da ideia de função promocional do direito, bem como da observação das suas funcionalidades, quais sejam, orquestração, sinergia, flexibilização e legitimidade, que garantem, antes de mais nada, a sustentabilidade institucional dos mecanismos, permitindo sua perfeita adequação à realidade em que se insere e, mais do que isso, permitindo a manutenção desses instrumentos, mesmo diante de mutações do meio em que estão inseridos.

Accounts with Harvard College, 1719-1722

The thin paper-covered notebook contains the Steward's accounts with Harvard College kept by Steward Andrew Bordman II from 1719-1722. Arranged by quarters, the entries list money collected by the Steward from students, and money paid for food supplies, household provisions, the Butler's salary, and for services provided to the College.

Quarter bill book for the Classes of 1784-1801, 1784-1797

Leather hardcover bound volume containing quarter bill tallies for the Classes of 1784-1801 arranged alphabetically and covering the bill period ending on May 27, 1784 through the period ending on November 23, 1797. After each quarter's tallies, an additional section provides the totals for all students in each of the categories, and "Orders on the above bill" listing individuals, including the Butler and sweepers, paid with the money.

Justice of the peace day book, 1797-1816

Contains records of summons and judgements in various court cases, and fines paid.

Binding papers, 1775-1928

The binding papers contain lists of volumes bound for the Harvard library in the form of lists and bills. The books are generally identified by title, volume size (octavo, quarto, folio, etc.), or both. The series includes two 18th century documents. The first document is a one-page January 22, 1775 bill to Harvard College from "Dr. And'r Barclay" for the binding and numbering of books. Books are identified by volume size. The second document is a one-page "List of books belonging to the Library which it is necessary should be new-bound" with an initial list signed by James Winthrop the Librarian on December 13, 1786, an additional list made on April 7, 1787, and subsequent notes made in May 1787. The books are indicated by title and size.

Justice of the Peace record book, Windham, Vermont, 1799-1807

Contains records of summons and judgements in various kinds of court cases, fees and fines paid, and index of names.

You'd better bet on the ETS. Bruegel Policy Brief 2013/02, April 2013

The issue: The European Union's emissions trading system (ETS), introduced in 2005, is the centerpiece of EU decarbonisation efforts and the biggest emissions trading scheme in the world. After a peak in May 2008, the price of ETS carbon allowances started to collapse, and industry, civil society and policymakers began to think about how to ‘repair the ETS’. However, the ETS is an effective and efficient tool to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and although prices have not been stable, it has evolved to cover more sectors and greenhouse gases, and to become more robust and less distorting. Prices are depressed because of an interplay of fundamental factors and a lack of confidence in the system. Policy challenge The ETS must be stabilised by reinforcing the credibility of the system so that the use of existing low-carbon alternatives (for example burning gas instead of coal) is incentivised and investment in low-carbon assets is ensured. Further-more, failure to reinvigorate the ETS might compromise the cost-effective synchronisation of European decarbonisation efforts across sectors and countries. To restore credibility and to ensure long-term commitment to the ETS, the European Investment Bank should auction guarantees on the future emission allowance price.This will reduce the risk for low-carbon investments and enable stabilisation of the ETS until a compromise is found on structural measures to reinforce it in order to achieve the EU's long-term decarbonisation targets.

Normas de orientação clínica portuguesas : abordagem terapêutica de doenças e factores de risco cardiovasculares : que evidência, que método e que impacto?

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Life after Bali: renewing the world trade negotiating agenda. Bruegel Policy Contribution 2013/17, December 2013

The crisis has contributed to a slowdown in global trade volumes, with trade virtually stagnant in the twelve months to July 2013. In this context, fruitful negotiations in the World Trade Organisation’s 9th Ministerial Conference in Bali are crucial to sustain the institution’s credibility and prove that multilateral negotiations can still deliver success. WTO trade talks are the only ongoing trade liberalisation process that has development at its core. The Doha mini-package under consideration at Bali is a collection of watered-down but deliverable elements of a deal comprising agriculture, trade facilitation and special and differential treatment/less developed country concessions. Post-Bali, the WTO should aim to reverse the current disenchantment with multilateral trade negotiations. This means formulating a relevant trade negotiating agenda with an understanding of global value chains at its core. However, the transition to the new agenda requires a closure of the ongoing Round. The easiest way to conclude the Doha Round would be to select another discrete set of deliverables that fulfills the development commitment of the Doha Development Agenda, thus paving the way for a new Round.

Time for the ECB to bite the bullet. CEPS Commentary, 19 January 2015

This Commentary summarises the main reasons why the ECB can no longer delay launching a massive bond-buying programme, also including sovereigns of eurozone member countries, and why such interventions will indeed be effective in raising inflation, thus restoring the ECB’s credibility and spurring economic activity. A credible programme must continue either until an explicit inflation target has been achieved or the ECB balance sheet has reached the €2 trillion target already announced by the ECB’s Governing Council. Regardless of how such interventions will be undertaken, they will reduce interest-rate spreads between eurozone markets, but it is nevertheless important that the ECB designs its operations so as to avoid any implication of direct support or deficit financing facilitation for the eurozone’s most indebted countries. Finally, some kind of guarantee against first losses by the ECB on its sovereign bonds may be appropriate, while entrusting open market operations to each national central bank for their own sovereigns could threaten the very survival of monetary union.

Risk technology in Australia: The role of the job seeker classification instrument in employment services

Promoted as the key policy response to unemployment, the Job Network constitutes an array of interlocking processes that position unemployed people as `problems' in need of remediation. Unemployment is presented as a primary risk threatening society, and unemployed people are presented as displaying various degrees of riskiness. The Job Seeker Classification Instrument (JSCI) is a `technology' employed by Centrelink to assess `risk' and to determine the type of interaction that unemployed people have with the job Network. In the first instance, we critically examine the development of the JSCI and expose issues that erode its credibility and legitimacy. Second, employing the analytical tools of discourse analysis, we show how the JSCI both assumes and imposes particular subject identities on unemployed people. The purpose of this latter analysis is to illustrate the consequences of the sorts of technologies and interventions used within the job Network.

Direct restorative materials use in Australia in 2002

Background: This study aimed to determine the reasons for dentists' choice of materials, in particular amalgam and resin composite, in Australia. Method: A questionnaire was developed to elicit this information. The names and addresses of 1000 dentists in Australia were selected at random. The questionnaire was mailed to these dentists with an explanatory letter and reply-paid envelope. Results: A total of 560 replies were received. Regarding choice of material, 99 per cent of respondents cited clinical indication as an influencing factor, although patients' aesthetic demands (99 per cent), patients' financial situation (82 per cent), and lecturers' suggestions (72 per cent) were also reported to influence respondents' choice of materials. Twelve per cent of respondents used composite 'always', 29 per cent 'often', 32 per cent 'sometimes', 23 per cent 'seldom' and 4 per cent 'never' in extensive load-bearing cavities in molar teeth. For composite restorations in posterior teeth, 84 per cent 'always', 'often' or 'sometimes' used the total etch technique, 84 per cent used a thick glass-ionomer layer and 36 per cent never used rubber dam. Fifty-nine per cent of respondents reported a decreased use of amalgam over the previous five years. Sixty-eight per cent of respondents agreed with the statement 'discontinuation of amalgam restricts a dentist's ability to adequately treat patients'. Seventy-five per cent considered that the growth in the use of composites increased the total cost of oral health care. Conclusions: Of the respondents from Australia 73 per cent place large composite restorations in molar teeth and their choice of material is influenced greatly by clinical indications, and patients' aesthetic demands.

Market reaction to takeover rumour in internet discussion sites

We examine the market reaction to takeover rumour postings in the Hotcopper Internet Discussion Site (IDS). Results from the interday analysis show abnormal returns and trading volumes on the day before and the day of the posting. Results of the intraday analysis show abnormal returns and trading volumes during the 10 min posting interval and abnormal trading volume during the 10 min interval immediately preceding it. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the results are robust to concerns regarding potential confounds, credibility and bid–ask spread bias. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the market reacting to the posting of takeover rumours in IDS.

ASSESSORIA DE IMPRENSA COMO GESTÃO DE RELACIONAMENTO COM A MÍDIA EM UNIVERSIDADES PRIVADAS: UM CAMINHO PARA A VALORIZAÇÃO E DIFERENCIAÇÃO DAS IES

Este estudo sobre a Gestão de Relacionamento com a Mídia em universidades privadas pretende avaliar como esta área da Comunicação Empresarial tem sido conduzida pelas seguintes Instituições de Ensino Superior de São Paulo: a Univ. Ibirapuera, a Univ. de Santo Amaro, a Univ. Cidade de São Paulo e a Universidade Paulista, corpus definido com base em pesquisa exploratória prévia. Buscamos demonstrar neste estudo, o papel fundamental da GRM, sendo considerada como parte da inteligência estratégica das IES. Sendo assim, entendemos que esta área da Comunicação Empresarial pode contribuir, por meio das relações de poder simbólico que se estabelecem na mídia, para o reconhecimento e a valorização dessas instituições no cenário educacional brasileiro atual. Este estudo tem como objetivos, verificar as contribuições da GRM na construção de uma imagem e reputação de credibilidade das IES; Buscamos também refletir sobre a teoria e prática Comunicação Empresarial no setor por meio de pesquisa empírica, observando sua estrutura de comunicação e ações realizadas e relacionando as análises aos conceitos encontrados nas referências bibliográficas sobre o tema. Técnicas e instrumentos metodológicos diversos foram utilizados para alcançar os objetivos propostos neste estudo, entre eles, a análise documental, a pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise de conteúdo. Observamos por meio deste estudo que a prática da GRM se mantém insipiente nessas instituições, onde o foco principal do pensamento e planejamento estratégico de comunicação está nas ações publicitárias mercadológicas, em políticas de comunicação interna e ações básicas, quando não pontuais de assessoria de imprensa.

Individual differences in work behaviour of blue-collar workers : a study of rubber tappers in Malaysia

This thesis examines individual differences in work behaviour of rubber tappers. The study examined sex, age, experience and race differences and their interactions with terrain on job performance, absenteeism, and job satisfaction of 1053 rubber tappers. Rubber tappers are unskilled blue-collar workers who essentially do the same type of work and are paid the same rates of pay. There are very few studies that have compared male and female blue-collar workers doing similar jobs in organisational settings. This study is one of the few investigations that examine sex differences in job performance of blue-collar workers doing same job using production data. Studies on age differences in work behaviour encounter numerous methodological difficulties such as high turnover, internal transfers and problems associated with age differences in educational levels. The participation of rubber tappers in this study is envisaged to overcome these difficulties because attrition rates of rubber tappers are low, and internal transfers are non existent. Further, the educational levels of rubber tappers are relatively similar across different age cohorts, as most rubber tappers have little or no education. Two measures of both job performance and absenteeism were derived from payroll records. The two job performance measures were total crop production and attendance. The two absenteeism measures were avoidable and unavoidable absence rates. Overall job satisfaction was determined using a 4-item scale. Significant sex, age, experience and race differences were obtained for job performance, absenteeism and job satisfaction. Significant interactive effects were also obtained for sex, age , experience, race and terrain for job performance and absenteeism. The results are discussed in relation to the abilities and motivation of rubber tappers. The implication of these findings for employee selection and human resource management in rubber estates is discussed.