Aporte de Oriente a las empresas de Occidente Sun Tzu un clásico de la estrategia.

Quienes no hayan escuchado el nombre Sun Tzu podrían imaginar muchas cosas sobre quién es esa persona. Sun Tzu es un general oriental que escribió su libro El arte de la guerra hace más de 21 siglos. Es un libro que a través de la narración de situaciones propias de un ejército enseña a las empresas a enfrentarse a un mercado complejo mediante la formulación, selección e implementación de la estrategia. Este artículo hace una interpretación de los 13 capítulos, buscando que aquellos que se encuentran al frente de una empresa cuenten con una lectura que les permita encontrar elementos para asegurar la perdurabilidad de su  organización.

Las Jarretaderas, Nayarit, Mexico: a Social Interstice in Touristic Zona Metropolitana of Sun and Sand

The objective of the present article is to illustrate the social interstice (Las Jarretaderas) existing between the municipalities Bahía de Banderas, Nayarit and Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. The researched community is an outstanding case-study providing an in-depth analysis of a number of social process mostly related to the chiapaneca migration. The text is divided into two sections. The first one deals with the urbanization process of the metropolitan area of Puerto Vallarta. The second and longer section defines the concept of social interstice and explains how the researched locality falls under under that previously-defined concept according to the processes analyzed.

Branching random motions, nonlinear hyperbolic systems and traveling waves

A branching random motion on a line, with abrupt changes of direction, is studied. The branching mechanism, being independient of random motion, and intensities of reverses are defined by a particle's current direction. A soluton of a certain hyperbolic system of coupled non-linear equations (Kolmogorov type backward equation) have a so-called McKean representation via such processes. Commonly this system possesses traveling-wave solutions. The convergence of solutions with Heaviside terminal data to the travelling waves is discussed.This Paper realizes the McKean programme for the Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov equation in this case. The Feynman-Kac formula plays a key role.

Tidal waves and flooding.

Trata los desastres naturales desde el punto de vista ambiental y se analiza en qué medida la acción del hombre puede provocar ese tipo de desastres. Analiza los maremotos y otras causas de las inundaciones para tratar de determinar si la contaminación y el calentamiento global aumentan la frecuencia de ellos.

I wonder why the sun rises : and other questions about time and seasons.

Pertenece a una colección que quiere responder a las preguntas que se hacen los jóvenes lectores sobre el tiempo y las estaciones del año. Podemos conocer las respuestas a temas como la duración del día según la época del año, la influencia de la latitud para que haya cuatro o menos estaciones; la creación del calendario, la forma de medir con exactitud el tiempo, la diferencia horaria en los distintos países del mundo.

I wonder why the sun rises : and other questions about time and seasons.

Pertenece a una colección que quiere responder a las preguntas que se hacen los jóvenes lectores sobre el tiempo y las estaciones del año. Podemos conocer las respuestas a temas como la duración del día según la época del año, la influencia de la latitud para que haya cuatro o menos estaciones; la creación del calendario, la forma de medir con exactitud el tiempo, la diferencia horaria en los distintos países del mundo.

The sun.

Desde tiempos muy antiguos, personas de todo el mundo se han dado cuenta de la importancia del Sol y en torno a él se han creado historias y leyendas, e incluso, se le ha adorado como a un dios. Es una estrella que parece una enorme bola de gas ardiente, muy brillante, que gira en el cielo y está muy alejada de la Tierra. Gracias al sol se suceden los días y las noches y las estaciones en nuestro planeta. Es nuestro amigo pues sus rayos calientes y brillantes hacen posible la existencia de vida, y la acumulación de su calor produce un tipo de energía; pero los humos y gases y algunos productos originan contaminación sobre la tierra, dañan la capa de ozono y la aparición del llamado efecto invernadero.

AS - A Level physics : mechanics and materials, waves and particles.

Guía de bolsillo para la revisión de los temas clave en el área de física para alumnos de bachillerato (segundo ciclo de educación secundaria), niveles AS y A, con trescientas preguntas rápidas y sus respuestas, organizadas en secciones temáticas y con consejos de examen. Contiene: fundamentos, mecánica, radioactividad, física de partículas, electricidad, materiales sólidos, ondas y método experimental.

A comparison of recent reanalysis datasets using objective feature tracking: Storm tracks and tropical easterly waves

Data from four recent reanalysis projects [ECMWF, NCEP-NCAR, NCEP - Department of Energy ( DOE), NASA] have been diagnosed at the scale of synoptic weather systems using an objective feature tracking method. The tracking statistics indicate that, overall, the reanalyses correspond very well in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) lower troposphere, although differences for the spatial distribution of mean intensities show that the ECMWF reanalysis is systematically stronger in the main storm track regions but weaker around major orographic features. A direct comparison of the track ensembles indicates a number of systems with a broad range of intensities that compare well among the reanalyses. In addition, a number of small-scale weak systems are found that have no correspondence among the reanalyses or that only correspond upon relaxing the matching criteria, indicating possible differences in location and/or temporal coherence. These are distributed throughout the storm tracks, particularly in the regions known for small-scale activity, such as secondary development regions and the Mediterranean. For the Southern Hemisphere (SH), agreement is found to be generally less consistent in the lower troposphere with significant differences in both track density and mean intensity. The systems that correspond between the various reanalyses are considerably reduced and those that do not match span a broad range of storm intensities. Relaxing the matching criteria indicates that there is a larger degree of uncertainty in both the location of systems and their intensities compared with the NH. At upper-tropospheric levels, significant differences in the level of activity occur between the ECMWF reanalysis and the other reanalyses in both the NH and SH winters. This occurs due to a lack of coherence in the apparent propagation of the systems in ERA15 and appears most acute above 500 hPa. This is probably due to the use of optimal interpolation data assimilation in ERA15. Also shown are results based on using the same techniques to diagnose the tropical easterly wave activity. Results indicate that the wave activity is sensitive not only to the resolution and assimilation methods used but also to the model formulation.

Convectively coupled equatorial waves: A new methodology for identifying wave structures in observational data

Convectively coupled equatorial waves are fundamental components of the interaction between the physics and dynamics of the tropical atmosphere. A new methodology, which isolates individual equatorial wave modes, has been developed and applied to observational data. The methodology assumes that the horizontal structures given by equatorial wave theory can be used to project upper- and lower-tropospheric data onto equatorial wave modes. The dynamical fields are first separated into eastward- and westward-moving components with a specified domain of frequency–zonal wavenumber. Each of the components for each field is then projected onto the different equatorial modes using the y structures of these modes given by the theory. The latitudinal scale yo of the modes is predetermined by data to fit the equatorial trapping in a suitable latitude belt y = ±Y. The extent to which the different dynamical fields are consistent with one another in their depiction of each equatorial wave structure determines the confidence in the reality of that structure. Comparison of the analyzed modes with the eastward- and westward-moving components in the convection field enables the identification of the dynamical structure and nature of convectively coupled equatorial waves. In a case study, the methodology is applied to two independent data sources, ECMWF Reanalysis and satellite-observed window brightness temperature (Tb) data for the summer of 1992. Various convectively coupled equatorial Kelvin, mixed Rossby–gravity, and Rossby waves have been detected. The results indicate a robust consistency between the two independent data sources. Different vertical structures for different wave modes and a significant Doppler shifting effect of the background zonal winds on wave structures are found and discussed. It is found that in addition to low-level convergence, anomalous fluxes induced by strong equatorial zonal winds associated with equatorial waves are important for inducing equatorial convection. There is evidence that equatorial convection associated with Rossby waves leads to a change in structure involving a horizontal structure similar to that of a Kelvin wave moving westward with it. The vertical structure may also be radically changed. The analysis method should make a very powerful diagnostic tool for investigating convectively coupled equatorial waves and the interaction of equatorial dynamics and physics in the real atmosphere. The results from application of the analysis method for a reanalysis dataset should provide a benchmark against which model studies can be compared.