Novas tecnologias para o controle da giberela do trigo na safra 2014 no sudoeste do Paraná

The work consists in wheat production system and the evolution of damage caused by wheat scab. The study considers the lack of resistant cultivars to the disease, the low efficiency of chemical control and the presence of mycotoxins in grains. The study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of fungicides prothioconazole and metconazole; prove the bar deposition efficiency with nozzles directed jets the side of the ear resulting in full coverage of trapped anthers; prove the viability of using a warning system (application after the start of flowering before the onset of rains provided for future 24-48 hours and try to improve the efficiency in controlling scab. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Technological University Federal do Paraná in the city of Pato Branco, Paraná, conducted in two seasons, the first established on May 6, 2014 and the second on 21 May 2014. It was used to cultivate Amethyst field of OR Improvement seeds, . Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Treatments consisted of a control without fungicide application and one and two applications of prothioconazole + 17.5% trifloxystrobin (Fox) 500 ml / ha; metconazole 8.0% + pyraclostrobin 13% ( Opera Ultra) 750 mL / ha In the evaluation, second season, metconazole + pyraclostrobin with two application statistically was the treatment that showed a lower incidence in spikes reducing from 100 to 63.3%;. metconazole + pyraclostrobin performed better also in reducing the incidence of spikelets, 80.3% to 34.7%; the control ears had better results in the second season with two applications of metconazole + pyraclostrobin; in spikelets, in his first season, metconazole + pyraclostrobin with two application resulted in better control with 67%; with two applications of metconazole + pyraclostrobin gave the highest yield even under climatic conditions favorable to disease; metconazole + pyraclostrobin in both seasons showed superior efficiency in controlling FHB giving greater weight gain; with two application of both fungicides, the hectoliter weight was 81 and 79, respectively, each fungicide; the application of fungicides was made in advance of expected rain, occurring seven days of rain and a total volume of 85,2mm the first time, and 16 days of rain and an accumulation of 400 mm in the second period; the test efficiency can be confirmed when the direction of the spray jets launched wings coupled in double nozzle bodies perpendicular to the target upright reaches the sides of the spike. The metconazole + pyraclostrobin proved the most effective fungicide against the prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin in wheat scab control in the 2014 harvest.

Tipos de adubação para a videira 'BRS - violeta' cultivada em latossolo vermelho no sudoeste do Paraná

The vineyard culture, in the Southwest of Paraná, has faced an evolution in recently years. However, some technical barriers has contained the expression of its full potential. Among which, the lack of scientific and technical support about the fertilization management and the fertility maintenance of production fields, is the most worrying. This fact, allied with the raising on the consumers demand for ecological correct products, are the motivations for the present study, whose main objective was to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer formulations, based on alternative nutrient sources, on grapevine yield and grape fruit quality, aiming at the improvement of those parameters and the maintenance of soil fertility. To achieve this goal, an experiment has been evaluated since 2008, at the experimental area of the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Pato Branco, where ten treatments were being tested, combining or isolating shale derivates from other alternative nutrient sources. Those are the treatments: T1: Gafsa Rock Phosphate (GRP) + K2SO4; T2: GRP + RPB (Rock Powder Bioland®); T3: GRP + K2SO4 + LH (Laying Hen Litter); T4: GRP+ RPB + LH; T5: GRP + K2SO4 + MBR (Matrix Shale 3); T6: GRP + RPB + MBR; T7: GRP + K2SO4 + MBR + LH; T8: GRP + RPB + LH + MBR; T9: TSP (Triple Superphosphate) + Urea + KCl and T10: absolute control. The usage of fertilization, specially the alternative fertilization, improved soil fertility characteristics and also the yield on the last two evaluated harvests. The potassium sulfate improved the potassium availability on soil, while improved yield on the last three harvests. The MBR improved the phosphorus availability, improved post-harvest conservation and improved the yield on the last evaluated harvest.

Produtividade e qualidade de grãos de híbridos de canola cultivados em diferentes épocas no sudoeste do Paraná

Canola is the third most important oilseed in global agribusiness. Used in several market segments, its cultivation in Brazil began in the 70s The growth of canola cultivation aimed at producing beans intended for oil extraction can provide high economic efficiency of farms, the choice of the time correct for sowing is essential for this purpose is achieved. Objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of canola hybrids (Hyola 61, Hyola 76, Hyola 411, 433 and Hyola Hyola 571) evaluated in six sowing dates started on 09/03 (1 time) 06/04 (2 times ), 04/05 (3 times), 01/06 (4 times), 29/06 (5 times) and 26/07 (6 times). The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The field experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with split plots in three replications in two years (2013 and 2014 crop). Evaluated the agronomic characteristics as the number of days between emergence and flowering, number of days duration of flowering, number of days between emergency and physiological maturity, average plant height, plant lodging, grain yield, weight a thousand grains, crude protein content in grain and ether extract in the grains. There were significant differences between the effects of the six sowing dates in all variables, including hybrids and years. The study was able to show that it is possible to grow canola in the Southwest of Paraná. Being the first times more responsive sowing and Hyola 411 and Hyola 433 hybrid proved the most suitable among the variables observed.

Adaptação de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém anual às condições climáticas do sudoeste do Paraná

Annual ryegrass is one of the species that best meets the needs of ranchers of southern Brazil during the winter period of the year. The breeding of ryegrass for many years has been developing superior materials, diploid and tetraploid, which, despite its higher prices for seed are being used by producers because of their better performance and quality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the behavior of different cultivars of Italian ryegrass - diploid and tetraploid, grazing, climate conditions of southwestern Paraná. The experiment was conducted in the city of Pato Branco / PR. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. The observed cultivars were: LE 284, Camaro, Bakarat, Estações, Ponteio and Nibbio (diploid) and Winter Star, KLM 138, Escorpio, Titan, Barjumbo and Potro (tetraploid). The grazing was mob-grazing type time respecting input of 25 cm and 10 cm high output. It was observed that the cultivars that had high period of pasture use were those that produced larger amounts of forage. For all cultivars the highest forage accumulations occur between the months of August, September and October. Tetraploid have lower population density of tillers, but this does not affect the IAF among cultivars nor the interception of solar radiation before and after the completion of a grazing. NDF and ADF contents linearly increase with advancing in ryegrass cultivars development cycle. On average, tetraploid cultivars produce larger amounts of forage in relation to diploid cultivars.

Estratégias de Marketing em empresas de serviços de ecoturismo - Estudo de caso de uma empresa de ecoturismo do litoral alentejano

Mestrado em Controlo de Gestão e dos Negócios

Características tecnológicas de espécies de pescado com potencial de criação na região sudoeste do Paraná

The fish meat has a particular chemical composition which gives its high nutritional value. However, this food is identified for being highly perishable and this aspect is often named as a barrier to fish consumption. The southwestern Paraná region, parallel to the country's reality, it is characterized by low fish consumption; and one of the strategies aimed at increasing the consumption of this important protein source is encouraging the production of other species besides tilapia. Within this context, it is necessary to know about the meat characteristics. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the technological potential of pacu, grass carp and catfish species. To do so, at first, it was discussed the chemical and biometric assessment under two distinct descriptive statistical methods, of the three species; and it was also evaluated the discriminating capacity of the study. In a second moment, an evaluation of effects done by two different processes of washing (acid and alkaline) regarding the removal of nitrogen compounds, pigments and the emulsifying ability of the proteins contained in the protein base obtained. Finally, in the third phase, it was aimed to realize the methodology optimization in GC-MS for the analysis geosmin and MIB (2-metilisoborneol) compounds that are responsible for taste/smell of soil and mold in freshwater fish. The results showed a high protein and low lipid content for the three species. The comparison between means and medians revealed symmetry only for protein values and biometric measurements. Lipids, when evaluated only by the means, overestimate the levels for all species. Correlations between body measurements and fillet yield had low correlation, regardless of the species analyzed, and the best prediction equation relates the total weight and fillet weight. The biometric variables were the best discriminating among the species. The evaluation of the washings, it was found that the acidic and basic processes were equally (p ≥ 0.05) efficient (p ≤ 0.05) for the removal of nitrogen compounds on the fish pulps. Regarding the extraction of pigments, a removal efficiency was recorded only for the pacu species, the data were assessed by the parameters L *, a *, b *. When evaluated by the total color difference (ΔE) before and after washing for both processes (acid/alkaline) the ΔE proved feasible perceived by naked eye for all species. The catfish was characterized as the fish that presents the clearest meat with the basic washing considered the most effective in removing pigments for this species. Protein bases obtained by alkaline washes have higher emulsifying capacity (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to unwashed and washed in acid process pulps. The methodology applied for the quantification of MIB and geosmin, allowed to establish that the method of extraction and purification of analytes had low recovery and future studies should be developed for identification and quantification of MIB and geosmin on fish samples.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização do queijo Santo Giorno, típico do sudoeste do Paraná, produzido com leite cru e fermento endógeno

Two cheese formulations made from raw milk and endogenous yeasts with 30, 60 and 180 days of maturation in two dairy Paraná Southwest were studied to evaluate their quality through physical, physical-chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics, as one of the stages of development of a typical regional cheese. The production was accompanied from designing the flowchart processing, where the samples were collected to perform the analysis of proteins, lipids, moisture, ash, carbohydrates, total solids, fat in dry matter, calories; water activity, instrumental texture (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, resiliency and chewiness), instrumental color (CIE Lab); microbiological quality was assessed searching for total and thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase positive staphylococci and Salmonella spp.; the acceptance related to sensory characteristics of color, appearance, flavor, texture, taste and purchase intent was evaluated through the structured hedonic scale. This research contributed information relevant to the production process, such as the realization of the viability in freeze-drying lactic acid bacteria yeast isolated from milk in the Southwestern Mesoregion of Parana and the results of the analysis of the cheese showed similarity between formulations, regarding the physical, physical-chemical characterization, moreover good microbiological quality, where the differences between samples of dairy products were not perceived by sensory panelists. Adjustments in standardization related to technological quality control is an extremely important factor for the success of dairy companies and small producers involved in the project and that they have the option of producing the Santo Giorno, a fine cheese, with the great advantage of adding features of region, with high standard of sanitary conditions and with great consumer acceptance of indicative.

Estrutura e processo de formação das formas culturais: o caso do cante alentejano

Qualquer sistema de práticas individualizado que se distinga aos olhos dos seus praticantes é caracterizável pela forma que assume e pelo seu conjunto de atributos. A essa forma corresponde uma moldura analítica que encontra o seu equivalente real nos actores e no modo como formulam discursos sobre as suas práticas, do qual emerge um conjunto de normas. Por conseguinte, a forma tanto é uma construção metodológica externa para a descrição do sistema e das suas condições de existência como uma realidade dinâmica, produtora de identidades culturais. Pretendemos substituir uma noção imprecisa de “forma cultural” por um conceito estruturado, definindo-a como sistema de referência que os membros de uma cultura partilham e que define e regula as produções e reproduções culturais e que comporta um elemento estruturante, um sistema normativo e uma dinâmica social. O caminho para essa conceptualização implica a aplicação do conceito a um objecto empírico, operação que realizamos ao analisar o Cante Alentejano – conjunto de maneiras de cantar observadas do Alentejo – enquanto forma cultural; Abstract: Any system of practices that can be individualized and distinguished by its practitioners can be characterized through the form it assumes and the set of its attributes. Such form corresponds to an analytical framework that has its equivalent in the real actors world and in the ways they formulate utterances about their practices, from which emerges a set of rules. Therefore, the form is both an external methodological construction needed for the system’s description and a dynamic “emic” reality that produces cultural identities. We intend to replace an inaccurate notion of "cultural form" by a structured concept. We will define it as the reference system that the members of a given culture share and that guides and regulates the cultural processes of production and reproductions of the system. The concept comprises a structural element, a normative system, and a social dynamic. The path to this conceptualization implies applying the concept to an empirical object, operation that will be held by analyzing Cante Alentejano – a set of ways of singing from Alentejo – as a cultural form.

Cante alentejano: entre o quotidiano e a patrimonialização de uma prática cultural.(O caso de Santo Aleixo da Restauração)

A presente dissertação pretende contribuir para a compreensão dos processos de patrimonialização. Especificamente, exploram-se contextos quotidianos associados à prática do Cante Alentejano, delineando as suas reconfigurações e manifestações contemporâneas. A pesquisa é ancorada metodologicamente em investigação etnográfica na localidade de Santo Aleixo da Restauração (Moura). Neste contexto empírico, caracterizam-se os espaços sociais onde é desenvolvido o quotidiano do Cante Alentejano, de forma a perceber o dualismo entre a sua prática quotidiana e aquilo que é a sua patrimonialização, tal como é percepcionada pelos atores sociais locais; Abstract: This dissertation aims to contribute to the understanding of processes of heritagization. Specifically, we explore contexts of daily practice of Cante Alentejano and identify the current manifestations and reconfigurations of this practice. Methodologically, research is based in an ethnography conducted in the locality of Santo Aleixo da Restauração (Moura). In this empirical context, we analyse daily social spaces where Cante Alentejano has been developed, with the purpose of understanding the dualism between this daily practice and the process of patrimonialization, as i tis perceived by local social actors.

Percorrendo antigos [e recentes] trilhos do Megalitismo Alentejano

The archaeological excavation carried out in the last two decades by the author, as well as the study of data resulting from early works, allows us to understand that the megalithic monuments after being built have, in some cases, a long diachronic of reuses. Here is presented a brief summary of monuments, contexts and archaeological artefacts.

Barreras para la utilización de la investigación: estudio descriptivo en profesionales de Enfermería en un hospital del sudoeste de Madrid

Objetivos. Identificar las situaciones, circunstancias o barreras que dificultan a la enfermería utilizar los resultados de las investigaciones en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA), así como sus facilitadores. Objetivos específicos. Evaluar si existen diferencias en la puntuación de la escala THE BARRIERS en función de las distintas variables estudiadas. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal durante mayo 2014. La población de estudio fueron todas las enfermeras que trabajan en el HUFA. El cuestionario que incluye la escala THE BARRIERS de S.Funk et al. se facilitó mediante una encuesta on-line distribuida a través del correo corporativo del hospital. Resultados. Respondieron 69 enfermeras (16%), fueron válidas 67 encuestas. Las barreras identificadas con mayor puntuación fueron: "La enfermera desconoce las investigaciones" media=3.33 (DE=0.89); y "Los médicos no colaboran en la implementación" media=3.26 (DE=0.86). Se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la suma de la escala THE BARRIERS en función de la experiencia como enfermera, la formación post-grado, y haber realizado investigaciones previas. No se encuentran diferencias significativas en función del resto de variables. Conclusiones. Aunque la falta de tiempo se identifica como la principal barrera para la investigación en la mayoría de los estudios, aquí aparece por detrás de otras como el desconocimiento de las investigaciones, la falta de colaboración, o que la información no está recogida en un solo lugar. Sin embargo el tiempo aparece como una de las principales barreras en las respuestas de texto libre.

Alterações causadas por incêndio florestal na composição de espécies de uma floresta primária no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira.

A floresta amazônica é impactada por agressões antrópicas e pelas mudanças climáticas. Devido à alta umidade retida a floresta amazônica é considerada imune a queimadas, todavia, sob condições climáticas extremas torna-se vulnerável. Este estudo objetiva avaliar os impactos de incêndios florestais ocorridos na grande seca de 2005 sobre a composição de espécies de uma floresta natural primária sob manejo florestal, localizada no estado do Acre. Foram implantadas 40 parcelas amostrais permanentes de 400 m2 cada e monitorados os efeitos do fogo em árvores lenhosas, palmeiras e cipós em três níveis de amostragem: I - DAP ≥ 5 cm; II - 5 cm > DAP ≥ 2 cm; e III - DAP < 2 cm e altura ≥ 1 m. Foram efetuadas cinco avaliações entre novembro de 2005 e janeiro de 2009. Os resultados mostraram que quanto menor o tamanho das árvores, maiores são as taxas de mortalidade e as alterações na estrutura das espécies. Ainda que tenha havido aumento de 42,5% no número de espécies na regeneração (Nível III), o monitoramento revelou expressiva redução nos demais níveis de amostragem (15,6% no Nível I; 32,3% no Nível II; 28,8% nos níveis I e II juntos e 16,1% nos três níveis juntos), indicando que a floresta foi modificada quanto à sua composição de espécies.

Ensino Superior Alentejano

O ensino superior, em toda a Europa, atravessa momentos de grande mudança. Na realidade, a dinâmica de modernização afeta a generalidade das instituições de ensino superior europeias, sendo que, em países com sistemas científicos e formativos mais frágeis – como é o caso de Portugal -, estas alterações têm assumido uma magnitude mais elevada e consequências mais difíceis de assimilar.

A proveniência dos sedimentos e cinzas vulcânicas dos sedimentos permianos da bacia do Paraná : implicações para a história geológica do sul-sudoeste de Gondwana

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2016.

Transição agroecológica em sistemas agroflorestais no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira.

Este estudo é parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa associada ao processo de ecologização agrário brasileiro, que apesar de tardiamente institucionalizado pela legislação brasileira de 2007, reconhece a diversidade de estilos de produção de base ecológica. Privilegiou-se estudar a experiência de produtores familiares relacionada com os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) no território de Ouro Preto do Oeste, situado no sudoeste da Amazônia, no Estado de Rondônia. Essa experiência, teve início na década de 90, em unidades de produção familiar, onde anteriormente se desenvolvia sistemas convencionais de produção com a utilização de agrotóxicos. Os produtores e atores sociais são membros da Associação de Produtores Alternativos (APA). Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: a) Reconstruir a trajetória de implantação dos SAFs; b) Identificar os SAFs, focando na qualificação das culturas alimentares cultivadas, criação animal, a integração de árvores ou florestas nos sistemas ou entre sistemas e o grau de agrobiodiversidade; c) identificar os elementos sociais, econômicos e agroambientais que impulsionaram a transição do modelo produtivista em direção aos SAFs; d) indicar os desafios do processo de transição dos SAFs. Para tanto, foi necessário adotar uma abordagem sociológica e agronômica. A conversão é fruto de vários elementos: da organização política do grupo, da convivência com problemas ambientais, da necessidade social de sobrevivência e do apelo ecológico percebido no processo de interação com entidades ecológicas articuladas com a sociedade global. A abordagem interdisciplinar possibilitou integrar a complexidade da relação humana com os recursos naturais.