Mutamenti politico-istituzionali nella Venezia Giulia e a Trieste tra Tito e gli americani alla luce delle nuove testimonianze documentarie da Washington, 1944-1954

“La questione di Trieste”, ovvero la questione del confine italo-yugoslavo all’indomani della seconda guerra mondiale costituisce da lungo tempo oggetto di attenzione e di esame da parte della storiografia italiana e straniera. Con alcune importanti eccezioni, la ricostruzione complessiva di quelle vicende ha visto il più delle volte il prevalere di un approccio storico-diplomatico che ha reso difficile comprendere con chiarezza i rapporti e le interdipendenze fra contesto locale, contesto nazionale e contesto internazionale. Attraverso la lettura incrociata dell’ampia documentazione proveniente dai fondi dei National Archives Records Administration (NARA) questo studio tenta una rilettura delle varie fasi di sviluppo della questione nel periodo compreso tra il giugno del 1945 e l’ottobre del 1954 secondo una duplice prospettiva: nella prima parte si concentra sulla politica americana a Trieste, guardando nello specifico a due aspetti interni tra loro strettamente correlati, la gestione dell’ordine pubblico e la “strategia” del consenso da realizzarsi mediante il controllo dell’informazione da un lato e la promozione di una politica culturale dall’altro. Sono aspetti entrambi riconducibili al modello del direct rule, che conferiva al governo militare alleato (GMA) piena ed esclusiva autorità di governo sulla zona A della Venezia Giulia, e che ci appaiono centrali anche per cogliere l’interazione fra istituzioni e soggetti sociali. Nella seconda parte, invece, il modificarsi della fonte d’archivio indica un cambiamento di priorità nella politica estera americana relativa a Trieste: a margine dei negoziati internazionali, i documenti del fondo Clare Boothe Luce nelle carte dell’Ambasciata mostrano soprattutto come la questione di Trieste venne proiettata verso l’esterno, verso l’Italia in particolare, e sfruttata – principalmente dall’ambasciatrice – nell’ottica bipolare della guerra fredda per rinforzare il sostegno interno alla politica atlantica. Il saggio, dunque, si sviluppa lungo due linee: dentro e fuori Trieste, dentro 1945-1952, fuori 1953-1954, perché dalle fonti consultate sono queste ad emergere come aree di priorità nei due periodi. Abstract - English The “Trieste question”, or the question regarding the Italian - Yugoslav border after the Second World War, has been the object of careful examination in both Italian and foreign historiography for a long time. With a few important exceptions, the overall reconstruction of these events has been based for the most part on historic and diplomatic approaches, which have sometimes made it rather difficult to understand clearly the relationships and interdependences at play between local, national and international contexts. Through a comparative analysis of a large body of documents from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), College Park MD, this essay attempts a second reading of the various phases in which the question developed between June 1945 and October 1954, following a twofold perspective: the first part focuses on American policy for Trieste, specifically looking at two internal and closely linked aspects, on the one hand, the management of ‘law and order’, as well as a ‘strategy’ of consent, to be achieved through the control of all the means of information , and, on the other, the promotion of a cultural policy. Both aspects can be traced back to the ‘direct rule’ model, which gave the Allied Military Government (AMG) full and exclusive governing authority over Venezia Giulia’s Zone A. These issues are also fundamental to a better understanding of the relationships between institutions and social subjects. In the second part of the essay , the change in archival sources clearly indicates a new set of priorities in American foreign policy regarding Trieste: outside any international negotiations for the settlement of the question, the Clare Boothe Luce papers held in the Embassy’s archives, show how the Trieste question was focused on external concerns, Italy in particular, and exploited – above all by the ambassador – within the bi-polar optic of the Cold War, in order to strengthen internal support for Atlantic policies. The essay therefore follows two main lines of inquiry: within and outside Trieste, within in 1945-1952, and outside 1953-1954, since, from the archival sources used, these emerge as priority areas in the two periods.

Death has a touch of class: society and space in Brookwood Cemetery, 1853-1903

Changes in the cultures and spaces of death during the Victorian era reveal the shifting conceptualisations and mobilisations of class in this period. Using the example of Brookwood Necropolis, established 1852 in response to the contemporary burial reform debate, the paper explores tensions within the sanitary reform movement, 1853–1903. Whilst reformist ideology grounded the cemetery's practices in a discourse of inclusion, one of the consequences of reform was to reinforce class distinctions. Combined with commercial imperatives and the modern impulse towards separation of living and dead, this aspect of reform enacted a counter-discourse of alienation. The presence of these conflicting strands in the spaces and practices of the Necropolis and their changes during the time period reflect wider urban trends.

Kolerahanteringen i Falun år 1834 & 1853 : En studie av sundhetsnämndens agerande

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka åtgärder som Falu stad, genom sundhetsnämnden, vidtog när farsoten kolera spreds i Sverige år 1834 respektive år 1853 samt om dessa åtgärder skiljer sig över tid. Frågeställningarna som används är: Vilka förebyggande åtgärder mot kolera vidtog staden genom sundhetsnämnden år 1834 och år 1853? Hur agerade läkarna i Falun mot kolerahotet? Skiljer sig Falu sundhetsnämnds åtgärder i jämförelse med andra städers sundhetsnämnder? Skiljer sig sundhetsnämndens åtgärder mellan åren 1834 och 1853? Materialet som används består av sundhetsnämndens mötesprotokoll från åren 1834 och år 1853, kolerakungörelser från de båda tidpunkterna, stadsläkare- och gruvläkarapporter samt utdrag från Tidning för Falu län och stad. Resultatet visar, att Falun vid båda tillfällena spärrades av genom att vaktstationer upprättades vid vägarna och vid stadens gräns. En karantänsstation upprättades vid stadens hälsobrunn för att ta om hand personer som inte vistats på kolerafri ort de 10 senaste dagarna. Staden delades in i tio distrikt som bemannades med en distriktschef samt några uppsyningsmän, som kontrollerade att staden hölls ren och att invånarna var rena. Stadens läkare var väldigt aktiva under sundhetsnämndens möten år 1834 och gav flera förslag på vad som behövdes göras medan de år 1853 intog en mer passiv roll. Åtgärderna i Stockholm år 1834 är snarlika de åtgärder som genomfördes i Falun samma år, huvudstaden delades också in i distrikt och det tillsattes även distriktschefer och uppsyningsmän. En annan likhet är att både Falun och Stockholm beställde färdiga likkistor för att ha i beredskap. Såväl sundhetsnämnderna i Karlskrona, Ystad och Arboga liksom Falun år 1853 vidtog i stort sett samma åtgärder som gjordes redan år 1834 t ex spärrningsåtgärder, karantänsskydd, införandet av kolerasjukhus och extra insatser för de mest utsatta i samhället.

Crítica, método e escrita da história em João Capistrano de Abreu (1853-1927)

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo desenvolver uma reflexão sobre a relação entre método e escrita da história a partir da análise dos escritos de João Capistrano de Abreu. A hipótese que orienta a leitura de sua obra é a de que os dispositivos da crítica documental, praticada pelos historiadores do século XIX, ao mesmo tempo em que conferem as marcas de credibilidade ao texto histórico, também impõem coerções e limites incontornáveis à sua construção. O estudo do caso Capistrano oferece a possibilidade de investigar alguns desdobramentos epistemológicos desta questão, sobretudo em um momento em que a história nacional investiu-se de pretensões científicas, com diretrizes teóricas e temáticas próprias. A história em capítulos do historiador corresponderia à instauração de um novo regime de escrita cujos dispositivos de validação não se encontrariam exclusivamente na explicitação do aparato crítico utilizado, mas na coerência explicativa própria do texto que ele elaborou.

Description of the larva of Mnesarete pudica (Hagen in Selys, 1853) (Odonata: Calopterygidae) and notes on known genera of South American Calopterygidae larvae

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estrutura genética de Chromis multilineata (Guichenot, 1853) (Perciformes Pomacentridae) na costa NE do Brasil e ilhas oceânicas: evidências de um passado evolutivo instável.

The fauna of Brazilian reef fishes comprises approximately 320 species distributed along the coast of the mainland and islands ocean. Little is known about the levels of connectivity between their populations, but has been given the interest in the relations between the offshore and the islands of the Brazil, in a biogeographical perspective. The oceanic islands Brazilian hosting a considerable number of endemic species, which are locally abundant, and divide a substantial portion of its reef fish fauna with the Western Atlantic. Among the richest families of reef fish in species are Pomacentridae. This study analyzed through analysis of sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop), the standards-breeding population of C. Multilineata in different areas of the NE coast of Brazil, involving both oceanic islands (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and of St. Peter and St. Paul) and continental shelf (RN and BA). To this aim, partial sequences were used in the region HVR1 of mtDNA (312pb). The population structure and parameters for the estimates of genetic variability, molecular variance (AMOVA), estimation of the index for fixing (FST) and number of migrants were determined. The phylogenetic relationships between the populations were estimated using neighbor-joining (NJ) method. A group of Bayesian analysis was used to verify population structure, according to haplotype frequency of each individual. The genetic variability of populations was extremely high. The populations sampled show moderate genetic structure, with a higher degree of genetic divergence being observed for the sample of the Archipelago of St. Peter and St. Paul. At smaller geographical scale, the sample of Rio Grande do Norte and the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha do not have genetic differentiation. Three moderately differentiated population groups were identified: a population group (I), formed by the Rio Grande do Norte (I') and the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha (I''), and two other different groups formed by the island population of the archipelago of Saint Peter and St. Paul (II) and Bahia (III). The genetic patterns found suggest that the species has suffered a relatively recent radiation favoring the absence of shared haplotypes. C. multilineata seems to constitute a relatively homogenous population along the West Atlantic coast, with evidence of a moderate population genetic structure in relation to the Archipelago of St. Peter and St. Paul. These data supports the importance of the dispersal larvae by marine current and the interpopulation similarity this species.

Chromosomal studies on five species of the genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Amphibia, Anura) using differential staining

Cytogenetic studies were carried out on five species of Leptodactylus, namely L. fuscus, L, notoaktites, L. labyrinthicus, L. ocellatus, and L. podicipinus, after standard staining, Ag-NOR and C-banding as well as BrdU incorporation for three of them. The species had 2n = 22 chromosomes and two basic karyotype patterns. Chromosome 8 was a marker bearing a secondary constriction. In all species, this secondary constriction corresponded to the Ag-NOR site. The species had centromeric C-bands in all chromosomes of the complement, but some interstitial or telomeric bands seemed to differentiate some karyotypes, either at the species or the population level. In L. ocellatus, the C-banding pattern confirmed the occurrence of a heteromorphic pericentric inversion in chromosome 8 in specimens from one of the populations. The BrdU incorporation technique showed no detectable difference in the replication patterns of the major bands in the chromosomes of L. noroaktites, L. labyrinthicus, and L. ocellatus.

Barão de Camargos: a razão clientelista em Minas Gerais (1840-1853)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Pigmentação testicular e ciclo reprodutivo anual de Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 em populações de biomas distintos

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE