När barn misstänks fara illa - tankar och upplevelser ur ett distriktssköterskeperspektiv : En fenomenologisk studie

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva distriktssköterskors tankar och upplevelser kring situationer där barn misstänks fara illa och en anmälan till de sociala myndigheterna övervägs. Studien genomfördes genom personliga intervjuer av sex strategiskt utvalda distriktssköterskor, verksamma vid barnavårdscentraler (BVC) i Dalarnas och Värmlands län och som hade erfarenhet av att träffa familjer med olika sociala problem. Intervjuerna inleddes med frågan; ”Berätta om ett möte med föräldrar där Du anar att barnet far illa.” En intervjuguide med tre frågeområden användes därefter för att säkerställa att syftet täcktes in. Efter genomförandet analyserades intervjuerna utifrån fenomenologisk metod, så kallad meningskoncentrering.Resultatet visade att samarbetet med socialtjänsten präglades av stora brister. Socialtjänstens sekretess hindrade viktig information från att nå distriktssköterskan, socialsekreterarnas kompetens var bristfällig och anmälningar togs inte på allvar. Omständigheter som upplevdes utgöra en omedelbar risk för barnet anmälde distriktssköterskan omgående, medan hon i andra fall avvaktade med en anmälan eller ansökte om stöd. Genom att barnet och dess familj gjorde täta besök vid BVC, att det var kontinuitet i personalgruppen och att distriktssköterskan litade på sin intuition, kunde hon lättare finna de barn som hade det svårt.Genom att samverka med professioner med skilda kompetenser var det möjligt att förbättra barns situation.

En meningsfull tillvaro för den äldre människan : En litteraturöversikt

Syfte; Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva upplevelsen av vad som skapar en meningsfull tillvaro samt hur sjuksköterskan kan stödja och främja en meningsfull tillvaro för de äldre vid särskilda boenden. Metod; Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt. Artiklar publicerade mellan åren 2000-2012 söktes i databaserna CHINAL, ELITE, PubMed, SweMed samt i tidskriften Vård i Norden. Resultat; Resultatet visade på att upprätthållandet av kroppens fysiska och mentala förmågor hade stor inverkan för den upplevda hälsan. Social gemenskap, goda vårdrelationer och ett aktivt delagande i den egna vardagen ansågs även placera den äldre i ett sammanhang, vilket också grundade för meningsfullhet och välbefinnande. Konklusion; För att uppnå en god omvårdnad av de äldre krävdes sjuksköterskor med ett stort kunnande och engagemang där goda omvårdnadsrelationer skapades utifrån den enskildes livsberättelse, behov och önskningar.

Crescimento relativo de Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fecundidade em Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) do Rio Ribeira de Iguape (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Maturation and growth curves of Macrobrachium Carcinus (Linnaeus) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from Ribeira de Iguape River, southern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da densidade populacional sobre as curvas de crescimento de Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) em cultivo semi-intensivo (Crustacea, Palaemonidae)

In this article the length growth curves of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) held in different population densities were analysed. Postlarvae prawns were stocked into five 0,02 ha earthen ponds at densities of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 ind./m² during six months. Forthnightly, the mean total length of animals from each pond were obtained by means of random samples. For each population the length growth curves and the instantaneous growth rate expressions were determined. The growth rate and the asymptotic maximum length decreased with the stocking density raised. This effect is greater when the density ranges in low levels. The growth decrease can be due to intraspecific competition for life resources and to negative interactions between individuals, as aggressive or social behavior, that increase with the increase prawns density.

Tm3+ and Tm3+-Ho3+ doped fluorogermanate glasses for S-band amplifiers

Two series of glasses with composition (mol%) 70PbGeO3- 15PbF2-15CdF2, the first one with different Tm 3+ contents (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mol%) and the second one with 0.2 mol% Tm3+ and different Ho3+ contents (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mol%), have been prepared and some of their spectroscopic properties studied. Absorption in the visible-near infrared and emission in the near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum have been obtained. Concerning emission at the 1.4-1.5 μm region, optimization of rare earth ions content leads to 0.2 and 0.5 mol% for Tm3+ and Ho3+, respectively. We discuss potential application of these compositions. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chile: la experiencia de la Comisión Nacional del Arroz

Incluye Bibliografía

Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Selection for Important Traits in Domestic Horse Breeds

Intense selective pressures applied over short evolutionary time have resulted in homogeneity within, but substantial variation among, horse breeds. Utilizing this population structure, 744 individuals from 33 breeds, and a 54,000 SNP genotyping array, breed-specific targets of selection were identified using an FST-based statistic calculated in 500-kb windows across the genome. A 5.5-Mb region of ECA18, in which the myostatin (MSTN) gene was centered, contained the highest signature of selection in both the Paint and Quarter Horse. Gene sequencing and histological analysis of gluteal muscle biopsies showed a promoter variant and intronic SNP of MSTN were each significantly associated with higher Type 2B and lower Type 1 muscle fiber proportions in the Quarter Horse, demonstrating a functional consequence of selection at this locus. Signatures of selection on ECA23 in all gaited breeds in the sample led to the identification of a shared, 186-kb haplotype including two doublesex related mab transcription factor genes (DMRT2 and 3). The recent identification of a DMRT3 mutation within this haplotype, which appears necessary for the ability to perform alternative gaits, provides further evidence for selection at this locus. Finally, putative loci for the determination of size were identified in the draft breeds and the Miniature horse on ECA11, as well as when signatures of selection surrounding candidate genes at other loci were examined. This work provides further evidence of the importance of MSTN in racing breeds, provides strong evidence for selection upon gait and size, and illustrates the potential for population-based techniques to find genomic regions driving important phenotypes in the modern horse. © 2013 Petersen et al.

Genetic Diversity in the Modern Horse Illustrated from Genome-Wide SNP Data

Horses were domesticated from the Eurasian steppes 5,000-6,000 years ago. Since then, the use of horses for transportation, warfare, and agriculture, as well as selection for desired traits and fitness, has resulted in diverse populations distributed across the world, many of which have become or are in the process of becoming formally organized into closed, breeding populations (breeds). This report describes the use of a genome-wide set of autosomal SNPs and 814 horses from 36 breeds to provide the first detailed description of equine breed diversity. FST calculations, parsimony, and distance analysis demonstrated relationships among the breeds that largely reflect geographic origins and known breed histories. Low levels of population divergence were observed between breeds that are relatively early on in the process of breed development, and between those with high levels of within-breed diversity, whether due to large population size, ongoing outcrossing, or large within-breed phenotypic diversity. Populations with low within-breed diversity included those which have experienced population bottlenecks, have been under intense selective pressure, or are closed populations with long breed histories. These results provide new insights into the relationships among and the diversity within breeds of horses. In addition these results will facilitate future genome-wide association studies and investigations into genomic targets of selection. © 2013 Petersen et al.

A review of existing and potential New World and Australasian vertebrate pesticides with a rationale for linking use patterns to registration requirements

Registration is a necessarily sophisticated evaluation process applied to vertebrate pesticide products. Although conducted to minimize any potential impacts upon public health, the environment and food production, the all-encompassing process of registration can stifle innovation. Vertebrate pesticides are rarely used to control pest animals in food crops. In contrast to agrochemicals, relatively small amounts of vertebrate pesticides are used (50.1%), usually in solid or paste baits, and generally by discrete application methods rather than by broad-scale spray applications. We present a hierarchy or sliding scale of typical data requirements relative to application techniques, to help clarify an evolving science-based approach which focuses on requiring data to address key scientific questions while allowing waivers where additional data have minor value. Such an approach will facilitate the development and delivery of increasingly humane, species-targeted, low residue pesticides in the New World, along with the phasing out of less desirable chemicals that continue to be used due to a lack of alternatives.

A graded subring of an inverse limit of polynomial rings

We study the power series ring R= K[[x1,x2,x3,...]]on countably infinitely many variables, over a field K, and two particular K-subalgebras of it: the ring S, which is isomorphic to an inverse limit of the polynomial rings in finitely many variables over K, and the ring R', which is the largest graded subalgebra of R. Of particular interest are the homogeneous, finitely generated ideals in R', among them the generic ideals. The definition of S as an inverse limit yields a set of truncation homomorphisms from S to K[x1,...,xn] which restrict to R'. We have that the truncation of a generic I in R' is a generic ideal in K[x1,...,xn]. It is shown in Initial ideals of Truncated Homogeneous Ideals that the initial ideal of such an ideal converge to the initial ideal of the corresponding ideal in R'. This initial ideal need no longer be finitely generated, but it is always locally finitely generated: this is proved in Gröbner Bases in R'. We show in Reverse lexicographic initial ideals of generic ideals are finitely generated that the initial ideal of a generic ideal in R' is finitely generated. This contrast to the lexicographic term order. If I in R' is a homogeneous, locally finitely generated ideal, and if we write the Hilbert series of the truncated algebras K[x1,...,xn] module the truncation of I as qn(t)/(1-t)n, then we show in Generalized Hilbert Numerators that the qn's converge to a power series in t which we call the generalized Hilbert numerator of the algebra R'/I. In Gröbner bases for non-homogeneous ideals in R' we show that the calculations of Gröbner bases and initial ideals in R' can be done also for some non-homogeneous ideals, namely those which have an associated homogeneous ideal which is locally finitely generated. The fact that S is an inverse limit of polynomial rings, which are naturally endowed with the discrete topology, provides S with a topology which makes it into a complete Hausdorff topological ring. The ring R', with the subspace topology, is dense in R, and the latter ring is the Cauchy completion of the former. In Topological properties of R' we show that with respect to this topology, locally finitely generated ideals in R'are closed.

Neue Untersuchungen zum Verordnungsmonitoring sowie zur Kompatibilität und Stabilität applikationsfertiger Zytostatika-Zubereitungen

Applikationsfertige Zytostatikazubereitungen werden heute unter der Verantwortung eines Apothekers in zentralisierten Herstellungsbereichen hergestellt. Weil die Verordnung der Chemotherapie ein großes Fehlerrisiko birgt, ist konsequentes Verordnungsmonitoring ein wesentlicher Teilprozess der zentralen Zytostatikazubereitung. rnDie aktuelle Umsetzung und die Ergebnisse des Verordnungsmonitorings in den Universitätskliniken Deutschlands wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit in einer prospektiven Erhebung erfasst. Als häufigste Verordnungsirrtümer wurden Dosisberechnungsfehler (48%), welche als von hoher Relevanz (78%) für die Patientensicherheit angesehen wurden, genannt. Die Inzidenz der Verordnungsfehler betrug durchschnittlich 0,77% bei rund 1950 Verordnungen pro Tag. Das konsequente Verordnungsmonitoring von pharmazeutischer Seite erfolgt höchst effizient und leistet einen hohen Beitrag zur Patienten- und Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit in der Onkologie.rnFür die Herstellung der applikationsfertiger Zytostatika-Zubereitungen sind fundierte Kenntnisse zu deren physikalisch-chemischen Stabilität erforderlich. Zu neu zugelassenen Zytostatika und insbesondere Biologicals, stehen häufig noch keine Daten zur Stabilität der applikationsfertigen Lösungen zur Verfügung. Die Bestimmung der physikalisch-chemischen Stabilität war daher Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Die applikationsfertigen Infusionslösungen der Purin-Analoga Nelarabin und Clofarabin (RP-HPLC), sowie des monoklonalen Antiköpers Trastuzumab (SEC, UV-Spektroskopie, SDS-Page), erwiesen sich über einen Zeitraum von mindestens 28 Tagen als stabil. Die Stabilität zweier Camptothecin-Derivate (Topotecan und Irinotecan) beladen auf DC Beads™, wie auch die Ladungskapazität und Kompatibilität mit Kontrastmitteln, wurde ebenfalls bewiesen. rn

Internet based health promotion campaign against skin cancer - Results of www.skincheck.ch in Switzerland

Conventional skin cancer prevention programs appeal to limited populations, and the middle aged male population responds less frequently. Our objective was to establish a complementary health promotion campaign tool for skin cancer prevention. Internet-based education, instruction for self assessment and teledermatological evaluation of skin lesions by an expert commission of dermatologists was used. Compliance and clinical diagnosis was assessed in a subgroup. 12,000 users visited the educational website. There was strong interest among the middle aged male population (53% (N = 262): male; mean age: 42). 28.5% of examined lesions (N = 494) were considered suspicious. Email requests, sent to the group whose lesions where considered suspicious, were answered by 46.0% of females (N = 29) and 59.7% of males (N = 46) with a female distribution predominantly in younger ages (52.6% of females with known age: < 30 years). Males were predominantly represented over 30 years (86.2% of all males). According to user's declarations, at least 8 (8.5%) malignant lesions (1 melanoma in situ, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, 4 basal cell carcinomas, 2 malignant lesions without declared diagnosis) were finally diagnosed by physicians. We conclude that internet-based, interactive, educational programs, in addition to existing health promotion campaigns, can enhance public participation in the middle aged male population in skin cancer prevention.