Contribution à l'écologie de quelques taxons du zooplancton de Côte d'Ivoire. 2 - Dolioles, Salpes, Appendiculaires

The seasonal variations of vertical distribution and abundance over the shelf are investigated for Doliolids, Salps and Larvacea. The 3 groups present many similar ecological features. Two maxima of abundance occur during the little and main cool seasons. The second maximum is usually the most important, except for Salps. The 3 taxons inhabit more superficial layers in cool than in warm seasons. This allows them to follow the phytoplankton maximum which drifts near the thermocline during the warm season. Pelagic Tunicates come back to the phytoplankton enrichment areas by the deeper Ivorian under-current. A relationship between the vertical distribution pattern and the life cycle (sexual or asexual generation) is suggested.

Contribution à l'écologie de quelques taxons du zooplancton de Côte d'Ivoire. 3 - Larves de décapodes et lucifer

The warm season is the abundance period of the planktonic larval stages of Decapod Crustacea and of Lucifer faxonii in Ivoirian waters. Two or three maxima occur each year during the enrichments interrupting the warm and oligotropic season: February (small upwellings), June - some years - (first rains) and September - November (flood of rivers, end of cold season). Vertical distribution follows seasonal variations and varies little among the taxons. In a general way, Decapod larvae and Lucifer inhabit superficial layers in cold season and sink down during the warm season. It allows them to follow the maximum of primary production. Lucifer faxonii is breeding almost the year long. Breeds succede at rate of 3,7 weeks approximately.

Contribution à l'écologie de quelques taxons du zooplancton de Côte d'Ivoire. 4 - Euphausiaces

Euphausiids vertical distribution on the Côte d'Ivoire continental shelf during different seasons, average zonal distrubution, mean distance to the shore, and seasonal variations in abundance computed for five years, suggest that the appearance, and the shifting of euphausiids across and along the shelf are related with the variations of the distance from the shore of the ivorian under-current. The author reports that Nyctiphanes capensis has not been found in the region.

Notes sur l'écologie de quelques taxons du zooplancton de Côte d'Ivoire. 1 - Ostracodes, Cladocères et Cirripèdes

Seasonal variations of abundance and vertical distribution over the shelf are investigated for Ostracoda, Cladocera and Cirripede larvae. The main characteristics of the environment are the periodical enrichments mainly caused by upwellings, secondly by the river floods. Ostracoda abundance variations approximately follow phytoplankton outburst. Breeding occurs all over the year. Their vertical distribution is correlated with a discontinuity layer. Diurnal migration, when it occurs in warm season consists in an upward movement during the night towards surface layers. The Ostracoda inhabit bottom layers during the day and migrate at night in intermediate and surface layers. For the main two species of Cladocera, Penilia avirostris and Evadne tergestina, abundance periods follow upwellings, especially during the main cool season. However, Cladocera can grow in low salinity but rich waters. On average Penilia inhabits more superficial waters in cold than in warm seasons. Cirripede nauplii and cypris are more abundant off rocky coasts. Their maxima are in the upwelling periods.

La circulation superficielle dans la partie occidentale du Golfe de Guinée

Direct current measurements carried out for 10 years in the Gulf of Guinea clearly show the importance of transverse circulation. The general pattern of currents is characterized by an anticyclonic gyre. The seasonal variations of this circulation are calculated through the study of the 3-monthly averaged geostrophic currents. The biological consequences of such a circulation are outlined.

Marquages de Penaeus duorarum notialis en Côte d'Ivoire. 3 - Croissance

The occurrence of seasonal variations in growth is confirmed. The mean annual growth curve obtained is not different from that obtained by modal progression analysis. The comparison with results obtained by other authors in Florida did not permit to point out any sensible difference and the author concludes that the phenomena are quite similar but that it would be better, for yield computations, to use the observed age-length keys instead of the computed parameters.

Régime alimentaire de la phase lagunaire de Elops lacerta (C.V. 1846)

Elops lacerta is a juvenil's predator of all the fish species living in the same biotope. its preys follow three systematic orders: 1 - Fishes: they are the most important in the stomachal contents of Elops lacerta, and are dominated by clupeidae, mainly by Ethmalosa fimbriata; 2 - Shrimps: mainly the Peneidae, are not very important; 3 - Molluscs: they are the less important preys and are represented by only one Pelecypoda family: the Corbulidae. This earlier predator feeds rather at night than during the day. It has neither preferential prey nor apparent seasonal variations in its food habits.

Distribution et abondance des larves de thonidés dans l'Atlantique tropico-oriental. Étude des données de 1963 à 1974

From several sources of data, the authors study seasonal variations of larval abundance for five species of tuna in Eastern Tropical Atlantic and its relation to the hydrological conditions. Distributional maps and TS graphs are given.

Área de vida do lagarto saxícola Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) em área de Caatinga, Nordeste do Brasil

A área de vida pode ser definida como o espaço físico necessário para um animal desempenhar as atividades essenciais para sua sobrevivência, desenvolvimento e reprodução. O conhecimento sobre área de vida é essencial para a compreensão dos processos que regem o uso do espaço e a organização social em populações animais. Neste estudo, investigamos aspectos das áreas de vida do lagarto saxícola, endêmico da Caatinga, Tropidurus semitaeniatus, avaliando possíveis variações intersexuais, ontogenéticas e sazonais nos tamanhos das áreas de vida, bem como elementos da organização social da espécie. A área de estudo consistiu em uma área típica de Caatinga stricto sensu, localizada no município de Pentecoste - Ceará. Realizamos coletas em dois afloramentos rochosos, nos quais demarcamos pontos de referência a cada cinco metros. Coletamos os lagartos residentes nestes afloramentos, registrando, para cada indivíduo, o sexo e o tamanho rostro-cloacal (mm), e posteriormente, identificando-o com marcação única. Vistoriamos cada afloramento durante 20 dias em cada estação (chuvosa e seca), respectivamente em junho e dezembro de 2011, realizando recapturas visuais e coletando registros de posições espaciais de cada indivíduo. Estimamos as áreas de vida pelo método do Polígono Convexo Mínimo, para os indivíduos recapturados pelo menos seis vezes. Obtivemos 56 áreas de vida, das quais 10 foram de machos, 20 de fêmeas e 26 de jovens. Não existiu relação entre os tamanhos das áreas de vida e os comprimentos rostro-cloacais dos indivíduos. Não houve diferenças sexuais, ontogenéticas ou sazonais nos tamanhos das áreas de vida. Contudo, o espaçamento entre as áreas de vida foi menor durante a estação chuvosa e a maioria das sobreposições entre áreas de vida também ocorreu neste período. Ao todo, registramos 81 sobreposições de áreas de vida, sendo estas mais frequentes entre fêmeas e jovens e menos frequentes entre pares de machos. A proporção da área de vida total sobreposta com outro indivíduo foi maior entre pares de fêmeas e menor entre pares de machos. Os machos estiveram associados em média com 1,5 fêmeas, possuindo de zero a sete áreas de vida de fêmeas sobrepostas com suas áreas de vida. O número de áreas de vida de fêmeas sobrepostas às áreas de vida de machos esteve positivamente associado ao tamanho dos machos. Por outro lado, não houve associação entre o número de áreas de vida de fêmeas sobrepostas às áreas de vida de machos e os tamanhos das áreas de vida dos machos correspondentes. Em suma, à luz do conhecimento acumulado sobre a história natural do organismo de estudo, acreditamos que sua extrema especificidade por ambientes rochosos e a disponibilidade limitada de habitats adequados à ocupação constituem fatores preponderantes na determinação dos padrões singulares de uso do espaço e organização social em T. semitaeniatus.

Avaliação dafitotoxidez de 18 espécies ocorrentes na restinga de Massambaba, Rio de Janeiro

A Área de Proteção Ambiental de Massambaba concentra diversas formações vegetais com uma grande riqueza florística e endemismos. Infelizmente esta área está sujeita à ação antrópica tanto que alguns fragmentos se encontram degradados. Para recuperar ecologicamente esta vegetação é importante compreender os mecanismos de sucessão ecológica. Como se sabe pouco sobre interações entre plantas de restinga, e menos ainda sob o prisma da alelopatia (efeito negativo que uma planta exerce em outras, ao liberar metabólitos secundários para o seu entorno),objetivou-se a realização de ensaios biológicos com espécies nativas. Inicialmente determinamos as melhores condições de extração de metabólitos, e por fim realizamos bioensaios com 18 espécies (Allagoptera aenaria, Andira legalis, Byrsonima sericea, Clusia fluminensis, Couepia ovalifolia, Erythroxylum ovalifolium, Eugenia copacabanensis, Eugenia selloi, Garcinia brasiliensis, Guapira opposita, Maytenus obtusifolia, Myrsine parvifolia, Neomitranthes obscura, Ocotea notata, Pouteria caimito, Renvoizea trinii, Tocoyena bullata e Vitex megapotamica). A aplicação dos extratos foi sobrea germinação e ocrescimento inicial de sementes de alface. Para isso, folhas destas espécies foram coletadas sazonalmente na formação arbustiva aberta não inundável (fácies alta) na restinga de Massambaba para o preparo de extratos aquosos. Os extratos foram obtidos a através da secagem das folhas à60C para posterior maceração, aquecimento, diluição e filtração, obtendo-se as concentrações de 5 e 10% de concentração (peso/volume). Os parâmetros para avaliar a fitotoxidez foram:a porcentagem ea velocidade de germinação e o comprimento da raiz após sete dias de crescimento em placas de Petri umedecidas com os extratos. Além desses três parâmetros, foi utilizado o índice de efeito global, que transforma as três variáveis em um índice único e uma analise de agrupamento (distância euclidiana, método de Ward) para classificá-las em espécies de fraca, média ou alta fitotoxidez de acordo com o valor do índice. A inibição do crescimento foi observada em todas as espécies, e verificou-se diferenças sazonais significativas, com destaque no inverno. Isso sugere que as diferenças os entre níveis de fitotoxidez estejam correlacionada são ambiente e à genética. Se a ação inibitória das espécies com maior efeito alelopático for comprovada, novas estratégias podem ser elaboradas para a reintrodução em projetos de conservação ambiental

Environmental inventory and the distribution of inorganic nutrients in a tropical estuary of the south-west coast of India

Dissolved nutrients (PO sub(4)-P, NO sub(3)-N, NO sub(2)-N and SiO sub(4)-Si) estimated in the surface and bottom waters of five selected stations of the Paravur Lake, Kerala, India, during February 1987 to January 1988 revealed distinct seasonal variations. Rainfall and land drainage play significant roles in the nutrient economy, particularly NO sub(3)-N and SiO sub(4)-Si, of this water body. Abnormally high values of PO sub(4)-P indicated extremely polluted condition at the wetting zone of the lake during the premonsoon season. SiO sub(4)-Si showed significant negative relationship with salinity.

Monoculture of marine planktonic diatoms and the effects of different media on their growth and survival

Diatoms are the preferred live food of the protozoea stages of prawns. Due to seasonal variations, it is difficult to obtain continuous supply of diatoms and other algae throughout the year. Therefore mass culture of diatoms is necessary. At attempt was made to culture planktonic diatoms and to study the effect of Allen and Nelson media, Simon media, Vitamin B12 and treated sewage water media on their growth and survival. Navicula sp showed better growth in Allen and Nelson media, Coscinodiscus and Chaetoceros grew better in Simon media while Navicula sp and Coscinodiscus sp showed better growth in the combination of Allen and Nelson + Vitamin B12.

Use of different glazes in frozen oil sardines

This paper reports on the relationship between the seasonal variations in the oil content of the Indian oil sardines (Sardinella longiceps) and their frozen storage life at -l8°C and on the use of various chemicals and coating materials to extent their storage life. It is observed that there is an inverse relationship between the oil content and the frozen storage life- oil content varying from 10.33 to 42.43% (MFB) and storage life from 2 to 5 months. Extension of storage life is achieved by dipping in hydroquinone solution prior to freezing or by coating with agar after freezing. Data on changes in peroxide value, free fatty acids, moisture, drip and organoleptic characteristics during frozen storage are presented.

Observation on the urinogenital papilla and sexual dimorphism in some Indian gobiids (Gobiidae: Teleostei)

A thorough comparative study on the urinogenital papilla and sexual dimorphism has been made for the first time in both the sexes of twelve Indian gobiids: Glassogobius giuris (Hamilton); Acentrogobius cyanomos (Bleeker); Eleotriodes muralis (Valenciennes); Parapocryptes serperaster (Richardson); Apocryptes bato (Hamilton); Scartclaos viridis (Hamilton); Boleophthalmus boddarti (Pallas), Periophthalmus schlosseri (Pallas); P. koelreuteri (Pallas); Taenioides anguillaris (Linnaeus); T. buchanani (Day); Odontamblyopus rubicundus (Hamilton). The urinogenital papilla, originating as a free muscular organ from the ventral surface of the body-wall and shortly behind anus, is present in both the sexes. It is an important organ of primary sex recognition in all species. In case of male the papilla is conical, broad at the base and in female it is either flattened, distally truncated or bluntly rounded. The presence of permanent colour mark over the specific region of the body surface is another secondary sexual character in a few species. Besides, colouration may also be a nuptial secondary sex character developed in some during peak breeding season. The enlargement and colouration of the organ is subject to seasonal variations parallel to the seasonal gonadal cycle. The histological architecture of the papilla shows a high degree of cellular specialization and an interrelationship to the urinary and genital ducts. The functional efficacy and significance of the papilla in the breeding biology of these fishes has been discussed.

Results of the Austrian-Ceylonese hydrobiological mission 1970 of the 1st Zoological Institute of the University of Vienna (Austria) and the Department of Zoology of the Vidyalankara University of Ceylon, Kelaniya. Pt. 4. List of reptilia and amphibia collected in the mountains of south-west Ceylon, with notes on finding localities

Sri Lanka is a comparatively small island (65.584 km²) within the equatorial belt of calms. There are only slight seasonal variations in temperature, air humidity and day length. A description is given of the amphibian and reptile material brought back from the Austrian Indo-Pacific expedition, 1970-71. Some notes on the habitat of the animals are included.