Les impacts de la satisfaction envers les régimes de rémunération variable sur l’engagement organisationnel des travailleurs

Ce mémoire a pour objectif de comprendre l’impact de la satisfaction envers les régimes de rémunération variable sur l’engagement organisationnel des travailleurs. Pour étudier cette question, nous avons utilisé trois hypothèses basées sur la théorie des attentes ainsi que sur la théorie de l’agence. La première hypothèse stipule que la satisfaction envers les régimes de bonis fait augmenter le niveau d’engagement organisationnel des travailleurs. La deuxième hypothèse est que la satisfaction envers les régimes de partage des bénéfices fait augmenter le niveau d’engagement organisationnel des travailleurs. La troisième hypothèse stipule que la satisfaction envers les régimes d’actionnariat fait augmenter le niveau d’engagement organisationnel des travailleurs. Nous avons utilisé une base de données provenant d’une enquête plus large portant sur « les liens entre la rémunération, la formation et le développement des compétences et l’attraction et la rétention d’employés clés ». L’entreprise où les données ont été collectées œuvre dans le secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC). Les nouveaux employés embauchés dans cette entreprise établie à Montréal ont été interrogés. Nos résultats nous permettent de confirmer deux de nos hypothèses, soit celle qui concerne les régimes de bonis et celle qui concerne les régimes d’actionnariat. Nos résultats indiquent que les individus satisfaits à l’égard des régimes de rémunération variable, plus précisément envers les régimes de bonis et les régimes d’actionnariat, présentent de plus hauts niveaux d’engagement organisationnel. Le soutien organisationnel perçu est également un facteur important dans le développement de l’engagement organisationnel. Finalement, nous concluons ce mémoire avec l’implication de nos résultats pour les différents acteurs en relations industrielles.

Les relations entre les compétences des professionnels en ressources humaines, les caractéristiques des clients et leur satisfaction par l’approche des constituantes multiples

Cette étude empirique que nous avons appliquée à l’ingénierie-conseil, vise principalement deux objectifs ; (1) la validation des relations entre certaines caractéristiques des clients des services de ressources humaines et leur niveau de satisfaction face à ces services et (2) l’étude des relations entre les compétences des professionnels RH et le niveau de satisfaction des clients. Nous avons retenu un cadre théorique qui est constitué principalement de l’approche des constituantes multiples. Notre modèle d’analyse suppose que la satisfaction des groupes-clients d’un SRH est influencée par onze facteurs. De ces facteurs, cinq reflètent les caractéristiques des clients ; 1-l’engagement, 2-le sexe, 3-l’âge, 4-l’ancienneté et 5-la fréquence des contacts. Les six autres facteurs représentent les compétences des professionnels en ressources humaines ; 1-expert en ressources humaines, 2-allié de l’organisation, 3-gestion de la culture et du changement, 4-architecte stratégique, 5-gestion de talent et 6-activiste crédible. Pour les fins de notre recherche, nous retenons une approche quantitative et qualitative. Les résultats des analyses bivariées ne confirment pas nos hypothèses. Par contre, l’ancienneté et l’âge des clients semblent avoir une relation négative avec la satisfaction des clients. Quant à l’analyse de contenu des entrevues effectuées auprès des professionnels ressources humaines d’une organisation, elle permet de faire ressortir les liens entre la satisfaction et cinq compétences. Celles-ci sont l’expert en ressources humaines, l’allié de l’organisation, la gestion de la culture et du changement, la gestion du talent et l’activiste crédible. Ainsi, cinq propositions sont supportées.

L’impact différencié de la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels et les bonis collectifs sur l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC)

L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’étudier l’impact différencié de la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels et les bonis collectifs sur l’intention de rester (au sein d’une entreprise donnée) des travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications. Afin d’étudier cette question, trois hypothèses de recherche ont été émises à l’aide des théories suivantes : 1- la théorie de l’agence, 2- la théorie des attentes et 3- la théorie de l’échange social de Blau (1964). Selon la première hypothèse, la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels contribue à accroître l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC. La seconde hypothèse avance que la satisfaction envers les bonis collectifs contribue à accroître l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC. Enfin, la dernière hypothèse soutient que la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels a un impact plus important sur l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC que la satisfaction envers les bonis collectifs. Les données utilisées pour valider nos hypothèses ont été recueillies dans le cadre d'une enquête portant sur « les relations entre la rémunération, la formation et le développement des compétences avec l’attraction et la rétention des employés clés ». Ces données de nature longitudinale, proviennent d'une entreprise canadienne du secteur des TIC. La population étudiée regroupe les nouveaux employés embauchés entre le 1er avril 2009 et le 30 septembre 2010. Nos résultats confirment l’Hypothèse 1 voulant que la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels contribue à accroître l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC. À l’inverse, ces résultats infirment l’Hypothèse 2. La satisfaction envers les bonis collectifs n’a donc pas d’impact significatif sur l’intention de rester. Malgré un problème de colinéarité, nos résultats suggèrent de confirmer l’Hypothèse 3 voulant que la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels ait un impact plus important sur l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC que la satisfaction envers les bonis collectifs. Les résultats indiquent également que le niveau de scolarité et l’engagement organisationnel ont un impact positif sur l’intention de rester des travailleurs. Les analyses longitudinales révèlent que les différences entre les caractéristiques des travailleurs expliquent davantage l’intention de rester, que les différences à travers les temps chez un même travailleur.

L’engagement professionnel chez les nouveaux enseignants et la satisfaction des gestionnaires d’école à l’égard du travail effectué par les enseignants novices

Le monde actuel, marqué par une augmentation incessante des exigences professionnelles, requiert des enseignants une adaptation constante aux changements sociaux, culturels et économiques. Si, pour les enseignants expérimentés, l’accommodation à ces transformations est accompagnée de plusieurs défis, pour les nouveaux enseignants qui ne maîtrisent pas complètement tous les aspects de la profession, l’intégration au milieu scolaire peut être extrêmement difficile ou même insupportable, au point où certains quittent le métier. Néanmoins, à force de persévérance, un certain nombre des nouveaux enseignants franchissent les obstacles imposés par la profession. Dans leur cas, la satisfaction et l’engagement professionnel peuvent être des caractéristiques importantes qui les incitent à continuer à exercer leurs activités d’enseignement. Dans ce contexte, l’étude vise l’analyse des éléments liés à la construction de l’identité professionnelle des enseignants lors de leur insertion dans le métier, à partir des perceptions des nouveaux enseignants et de celles des gestionnaires des écoles primaires et secondaires. L’harmonie entre la perception de ces deux groupes d’acteurs scolaires peut constituer un important facteur du rendement des professionnels dans leur métier et de l’efficacité des institutions d’enseignement. Ainsi, du côté des nouveaux enseignants, l’étude examine les variables qui peuvent être liées à leur engagement professionnel et de celui des gestionnaires, elle vise à analyser les éléments qui peuvent être liés à leur satisfaction sur le travail effectué par les nouveaux enseignants. La présente étude, de type quantitatif, est constituée des analyses secondaires des données issues des enquêtes pancanadiennes auprès des directions et des enseignants d’écoles primaires et secondaires du Canada, menées en 2005 et 2006 par une équipe de professeurs de différentes universités canadiennes. Les analyses statistiques sont basées sur deux modèles théoriques : (1) l’engagement professionnel des nouveaux enseignants et (2) la satisfaction des gestionnaires sur le travail effectué par les nouveaux enseignants. Ces modèles sont examinés en suivant la théorie classique des tests (TCT) et celle des réponses aux items (TRI) afin de profiter des avantages de chacune des méthodes. Du côté de la TCT, des analyses de cheminement et des modélisations aux équations structurelles ont été effectuées pour examiner les modèles théoriques. Du côté de la TRI, des modélisations de Rasch ont été utilisées pour examiner les propriétés psychométriques des échelles utilisées par la recherche afin de vérifier si les données sont bien ajustées aux modèles et si les items se regroupent de façon logique pour expliquer les traits latents à l’étude. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rapport humain qui définit la profession enseignante. Autrement dit, pour les nouveaux enseignants, les émotions en classe, conséquence du processus d’interaction avec leurs élèves, sont le facteur majeur lié à l’engagement professionnel. Dans le même sens, la relation des nouveaux enseignants avec les divers membres de la communauté scolaire (parents des élèves, gestionnaires, personnel de l’école et autres enseignants) est un facteur-clé de la satisfaction des gestionnaires quant au travail des nouveaux enseignants. Les analyses indiquent également l’importance de la satisfaction au travail dans le modèle des nouveaux enseignants. Cette variable est un important déterminant de l’engagement professionnel et peut être associée à tous les autres éléments du modèle des nouveaux enseignants. Finalement, les résultats indiquent le besoin de construction des variables latentes avec un plus grand nombre d’items pour mieux positionner les personnes dans l’échelle de mesure. Ce résultat est plutôt important pour le modèle des gestionnaires qui indique de mauvais ajustements items-personnes.

Customer satisfaction and organisational justice

Applies organisational justice theory to facilities management with the aim of increasing customer satisfaction with the service received. Provides an overview of organisational justice theory, and reviews the numerous different forms that this may take. Although there is strong theoretical support for participative decision making, in practice it often leads to conflict and delays. Two-way communication appears to represent the most effective form. The conclusions are based upon theoretical support as well as semi-structured interviews and observations in an organisational setting. The conclusions drawn do not have the benefits of more objective quantitative research methods. Contributes to practical understanding of how to maintain customer satisfaction in the facilities management industry and the theoretical reasons why the proposed methods will be effective. Argues that the impact of organisational justice on employee satisfaction can be applied to customer satisfaction with specific reference to facilities management.

Verification of design calculations of a wind catcher/tower natural ventilation system with performance testing in real building

A wind catcher/tower natural ventilation system was installed in a seminar room in the building of the School of Construction Management and Engineering, the University of Reading in the UK . Performance was analysed by means of ventilation tracer gas measurements, indoor climate measurements (temperature, humidity, CO2) and occupant surveys. In addition, the potential of simple design tools was evaluated by comparing observed ventilation results with those predicted by an explicit ventilation model and the AIDA implicit ventilation model. To support this analysis, external climate parameters (wind speed and direction, solar radiation, external temperature and humidity) were also monitored. The results showed the chosen ventilation design provided a substantially greater ventilation rate than an equivalent area of openable window. Also air quality parameters stayed within accepted norms while occupants expressed general satisfaction with the system and with comfort conditions. Night cooling was maximised by using the system in combination with openable windows. Comparisons of calculations with ventilation rate measurements showed that while AIDA gave reasonably correlated results with the monitored performance results, the widely used industry explicit model was found to over estimate the monitored ventilation rate.

Post-occupancy evaluation studies in recently refurbished office building: energy performance and employees' satisfaction

Existing buildings contribute greatly to global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. In the UK, about 18% of carbon emissions are generated by non-domestic buildings; sustainable building refurbishment can play an important role in reducing carbon emissions. This paper looks at the performance of a recently refurbished 5-storey office building in London, in terms of energy consumption as well as occupants’ satisfaction. Pre- and post-occupancy evaluation studies were conducted using online questionnaire surveys and energy consumption evaluation. Results from pre-occupancy and post-occupancy evaluation studies showed that employees, in general, were more satisfied with their work environment at the refurbished building than with that of their previous office. Employees’ self-reported productivity improved after the move to Elms House. These surveys showed a positive relationship between employees’ satisfaction with their work environment and their self-reported productivity, well-being and enjoyment at work. The factor that contributed to increasing employee satisfaction the most was: better use of interior space. Although the refurbishment was a success in terms of reducing energy consumption per m2, the performance gap was almost 3 times greater than that estimated. Unregulated loads, problems with building control, ineffective use of space and occupants’ behaviour are argued to be reasons for this gap.

Post-occupancy studies of an office environment: Energy performance and occupants’ satisfaction

It is generally accepted that the physical workplace environment affects employees’ satisfaction and, consequently, their perceived productivity and well-being. This study investigated whether employee “satisfaction” variables can predict perceived productivity, well-being and enjoyment at work, and if so, to what extent. The study also explored whether limiting employees’ control over their environment could save energy without compromising employees’ satisfaction and perceived productivity. Preoccupancy and post-occupancy evaluation studies were conducted, in terms of both energy consumption and employee perceptions, to make comparisons between a company’s old and current headquarters buildings, both located in the same area of London. The results showed that employees were more satisfied with their work environment at their new HQ, in general, than with that of their previous office. Also, employees’ self-reported productivity, well-being and enjoyment at work improved after the move. It was revealed that the combination of employees’ level of satisfaction with “interior use of space” and “physical conditions” was the best predictor of their perceived productivity, while satisfaction with “indoor facilities” was not a good predictor. In terms of energy performance, although the new HQ’s energy consumption per m2 was significantly less than that of the previous building, there was still a gap between the refurbishment design target and the actual performance of the building. The findings suggest that this gap could be due to a number of factors, including an ineffective use of interior space, and occupants’ behaviour.

Determinants of satisfaction amongst tenants of UK Offices

Purpose – Corporate Occupiers require offices and services which meet their business needs, whilst landlords must attract and retain occupiers in order to maximise occupancy and rental income. The purpose of this research is to help landlords and corporate occupiers understand each other better, in order to achieve a mutually beneficial relationship. Design/methodology/approach - This paper analyses interviews with 1334 office tenants in the UK, conducted over an 11-year period, to investigate determinants of occupier satisfaction, loyalty and advocacy. Structural equation modelling and regressions are performed using respondents’ ratings of satisfaction with many aspects of occupancy as explanatory variables. The dependent variables include satisfaction with property management, value for money, overall occupier satisfaction, lease renewal intentions and occupiers’ willingness to recommend their landlord. Findings - The aspects with most impact on occupiers’ satisfaction are the office building itself, its location and amenities, and also communication with their property manager, a belief that their business needs are understood and the property manager’s responsiveness to occupiers’ requests. Occupiers’ loyalty depends mainly upon feeling that their rent and service charges provide value for money, an amicable leasing process, the professionalism of their property manager and the Corporate Social Responsibility of the Landlord. ‘Empathy’ is crucial to occupiers’ willingness to recommend their landlord, and clear documentation and efficient legal process improve occupiers’ perception of receiving ‘Value for Money’. Research Limitations - The sample is skewed towards occupiers of prime office buildings in the UK, owned by landlords who care sufficiently about their tenants to commission studies into occupier satisfaction. Practical implications - This research should help to improve the landlord – tenant relationship, benefitting the businesses that rent property and helping building managers understand where to focus their efforts to achieve maximum effect on occupier satisfaction, loyalty and advocacy. Originality/value - There has been little academic research into the determinants of satisfaction of occupiers of UK commercial property. This large-scale study enables the most influential factors to be identified and prioritised.

LIFE QUALITY of PEOPLE INFECTED BY HIV WITH OR WITHOUT ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT

The "HIV/Aids-Quality of Life" (HAT-Qol) is a specific multifunctional instrument used to measure the life quality of HIV infected persons. It is divided into nine domains: general activity, sexual activity, secrecy about HIV seropositivity, concern about health, financial concern, awareness about HIV, satisfaction with life, issues about medications and belief in the doctor. The current study analyzed the life quality of HIV infected individuals-who attended the DST/Aids Program in Maringa city, Parana state-regarding the use or not of antiretroviral therapy (TARV) and their demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Data were collected by retrospective analysis from 1,200 medical charts of patients registered in the program. The HAT-Qol instrument was applied before routine medical consultation. One hundred and sixty-nine patients, who had HIV infection confirmed, were divided into two groups, G1 with 118 individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy and G2 with 51 individuals who were not under this therapy.Result analysis, regarding social and demographic characteristics, revealed no difference among responses related to gender, educational degree and sexual option. Age influenced satisfaction with sexual activity and marital status. Regarding HIV awareness, the lowest response index or worst quality of life came from, respectively, men between 50 and 69 years old and patients who did not have regular partners compared with the ones who did. Additionally, it was observed that the time of diagnosis influenced general activities, HIV awareness, concern about health and financial issues, satisfaction with life and topics about medications. The variables were compared in both groups. There was no influence on the use or not of antiretroviral therapy regarding age, sexual activity, HIV diagnosis time and the domains that evaluated general activities, financial concern, awareness of HIV and satisfaction with life. In relation to time of diagnosis, there was an influence only in persons who had been diagnosed two or three years before, in which a lower quality of life was observed among individuals who were not under antiretroviral therapy. It was not possible to compare variables about medication use, HIV plasmatic viral rate ant time of diagnosis, because G2 individuals were not receiving the antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, no comparison was made regarding marital status and HIV awareness, because there were no married individuals in G2. Thus, the analysis of the results showed that the use of antiretroviral treatment did not influence the life quality of HIV patients studied by the HAT-Qol scale.

Studying the satisfaction of patients on the outcome of an aesthetic dermatological filler treatment

Background: Many factors contribute to extend productive life in the modern world. Competition makes people worry about physical appearance, mosftly in respect to facial and skin aging. This has motivated new developments in cosmetic dermatology and the need of evaluating patient satisfaction with the new proposed treatments. Poll questionnaire has been used for such evaluation, and the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) mapping obtained while the patient answers the satisfaction questionnaire may render the results less subjective. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to study the satisfaction of a group of 33 women (mean age, 44.years) treated with hyaluronic acid filling of nasolabial folding or lips, combining the EEG brain mapping and questionnaire techniques. Methods: At the third month of evaluation, two networked personal computers were used for the EEG recording and for presenting the patient with a questionnaire about her well-being feeling; self-evaluation of her face; her satisfaction with the results of the aesthetic treatment; how the family, friends, and people at work evaluated the result of the treatment; and her decision to repeat the treatment and to recommend it to friends and family. Results: Poll results showed that patients were feeling well and were satisfied with the results of the aesthetic treatment. Furthermore, the regression EEG mappings showed patients to be satisfied with their appearance and with the treatment involving similar brain areas. Conclusion: Patients decided to undergo the treatment because they were already considering it (54%) or because they were dissatisfied with their lips or nasolabial folding (52%). The fact that the treatment was free of charge solidified the decision. Patients consider themselves as good-looking and they wanted to preserve such a condition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

An exact series solution for the vibration analysis of cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions

In this paper, an exact series solution for the vibration analysis of circular cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions is obtained, using the elastic equations based on Flügge's theory. Each of the three displacements is represented by a Fourier series and auxiliary functions and sought in a strong form by letting the solution exactly satisfy both the governing differential equations and the boundary conditions on a point-wise basis. Since the series solution has to be truncated for numerical implementation, the term exactly satisfying should be understood as a satisfaction with arbitrary precision. One of the important advantages of this approach is that it can be universally applied to shells with a variety of different boundary conditions, without the need of making any corresponding modifications to the solution algorithms and implementation procedures as typically required in other techniques. Furthermore, the current method can be easily used to deal with more complicated boundary conditions such as point supports, partial supports, and non-uniform elastic restraints. Numerical examples are presented regarding the modal parameters of shells with various boundary conditions. The capacity and reliability of this solution method are demonstrated through these examples. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Oral health associated with quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil

Background: The epidemic of HIV/AIDS enters into its fourth decade and is still considered an important public health problem in developed and developing countries. The purpose is verify the oral health and other factors that influence the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS attending a public service reference in Brazil.Methods: The participants answered the questionnaire on socio-demographic conditions, issues related to HIV and daily habits. The quality of life was analyzed by the HIV/AIDS Targeted Quality of Life (HAT-QoL) instrument with 42 items divided into nine domains: General Activity, Sexual Activity, Confidentiality concerns, Health Concerns, Financial Concern, HIV Awareness, Satisfaction with Life Issues related to medication and Trust in the physician. The oral health data were collected by means of the DMFT index, use and need of dentures and the Community Periodontal Index, according to the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization, by a calibrated researcher. Bivariate and multiple linear regressions were performed.Results: Of the participants, 53.1% were women and had a mean age of 42 years, 53.1% had eight years or less of schooling and 20.3% were not employed. In analyzing the quality of life domain of the HAT-QoL, with a lower average there was: Financial concern (39.4), followed by Confidentiality concern (43.2), Sexual activities (55.2) and Health concerns (62. 88). There was an association between the variables: do not have link to employment (p < 0.001), is brown or black (p = 0.045), alcohol consumption (p = 0.041), did not make use of antiretroviral therapy (p = 0.006), high levels of viral load (p = 0.035) and need for dentures (p = 0.025), with the worse quality of life scores.Conclusion: Socioeconomic and inadequate health conditions had a negative impact on the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS.

Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS treated by the specialized service in Vitória-ES, Brazil

The aim of this study is to establish the factors that influence the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS being treated at a specialized public service. The participants answered the questionnaire on sociodemographic conditions, issues related to HIV and daily habits. The quality of life was analyzed using the HIV/AIDS-targeted quality of life (HAT-QoL) instrument with 42 items divided into 9 fields: General Activity, Sexual Activity, Confidentiality Concerns, Health Concerns, Financial Concerns, HIV Awareness, Satisfaction with Life, Issues related to Medication and Trust in the Physician. Bivariate and multiple linear regressions were performed. Of the participants, 53.1% were women and had a mean age of 42 years. In analyzing the quality of life, the HAT-QoL domain with the lowest average was Financial Concerns (39.4), followed by Confidentiality Concerns (43.2), Sexual Activity (55.2) and Health Concerns (62. 88). There was an association between the variables: not being gainfully employed (p < 0.001), being mulatto or black (p = 0.045) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.041) with the worst quality of life scores. Inadequate socioeconomic and health conditions had a negative impact on the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS.

Survival rate of osseointegrated implants in atrophic maxillae grafted with calvarial bone: a retrospective study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical survival rate of osseointegrated implants placed in the atrophic maxilla that has been reconstructed by means of autogenous bone grafts harvested from a cranial calvarial site. Further, we sought to analyse the level of pen-implant bone after prosthetic rehabilitation and to determine subjective patient satisfaction with the treatment performed. This study conformed to the STROBE guidelines regarding retrospective studies. Twenty-five patients who had received osseointegrated implants with late loading in the reconstructed atrophic maxilla were included in the study. The survival rate and level of pen-implant bone loss were evaluated. A questionnaire related to the surgical and prosthetic procedures was completed. The observed implant survival rate was 92.35%. The mean bone loss recorded was 1.76 mm in the maxilla and 1.54 mm in the mandible. The results of the questionnaire indicated a high level of patient satisfaction, little surgical discomfort, and that the patients would recommend the procedure and would undergo the treatment again. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the cranial calvarial site is an excellent donor area; calvarial grafts provided stability and maintenance of bone volume over the course of up to 11 years.