Os sermões de santo Antônio de Lisboa / de Pádua: elementos retóricos, teológicos e contextuais

Santo Antônio de Lisboa / de Pádua viveu entre 1191 e 1231, período conhecido como Baixa Idade Média (século XIII ao XV), estudou nos centros de ensino mais proeminentes de Portugal em sua época, Mosteiro de São Vicente e Mosteiro de Santa Cruz de Coimbra, o que lhe possibilitou assimilar vasto conhecimento que seria usado posteriormente na pregação e no combate aos hereges, sobretudo os cátaros. Em uma época de efervescência religiosa, em que os fiéis exigiam maior participação na vida eclesiástica, e de crescentes críticas, os movimentos mendicantes foram o sustentáculo de Roma: os dominicanos com os estudos e com a pregação, e os franciscanos com a pregação por meio sobretudo da vida exemplar. É também nesse período que tem início o estabelecimento de uma arte de pregar medieval, que possui como referência a própria prédica dos primórdios do Cristianismo, baseando-se principalmente em Jesus Cristo e no apóstolo Paulo; nos Padres da Igreja, sobretudo Santo Agostinho e Gregório Magno; e, enfim, em diversos preceptores do século XIII. Santo Antônio valeu-se de todo o conhecimento adquirido nos mosteiros pelos quais passou e da ars praedicandi do período, mostrando-se bastante familiarizado com as questões de seu tempo. Critica severamente aos sacerdotes iníquos, organiza de forma sistemática a teologia da Trindade e se põe como eco estrondoso do IV Concílio de Latrão. Em seus sermões é possível verificar a presença de vários elementos persuasivos que possuem como objetivo alcançar a benevolência do ouvinte e, assim, atingir o propósito máximo, no dizer de Santo Agostinho: instruir para convencer e comover. Para alcançar tal propósito, fez amplo uso das cláusulas, das Ciências Naturais, dos Pais da Igreja, de escritores pagãos e dos bestiários medievais. Este último foi de vital importância principalmente na pregação contra os hereges cátaros, que negligenciavam a natureza como algo puro e de onde se poderia retirar preceitos espirituais ocultos. São esses os objetos, textuais e contextuais, a serem observados na presente dissertação.

Bartonella species detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans

We present prevalence of Bartonella spp. for multiple cohorts of wild and captive cetaceans. One hundred and six cetaceans including 86 bottlenose dolphins (71 free-ranging, 14 captive in a facility with a dolphin experiencing debility of unknown origin, 1 stranded), 11 striped dolphins, 4 harbor porpoises, 3 Risso's dolphins, 1 dwarf sperm whale and 1 pygmy sperm whale (all stranded) were sampled. Whole blood (n = 95 live animals) and tissues (n = 15 freshly dead animals) were screened by PCR (n = 106 animals), PCR of enrichment cultures (n = 50 animals), and subcultures (n = 50 animals). Bartonella spp. were detected from 17 cetaceans, including 12 by direct extraction PCR of blood or tissues, 6 by PCR of enrichment cultures, and 4 by subculture isolation. Bartonella spp. were more commonly detected from the captive (6/14, 43%) than from free-ranging (2/71, 2.8%) bottlenose dolphins, and were commonly detected from the stranded animals (9/21, 43%; 3/11 striped dolphins, 3/4 harbor porpoises, 2/3 Risso's dolphins, 1/1 pygmy sperm whale, 0/1 dwarf sperm whale, 0/1 bottlenose dolphin). Sequencing identified a Bartonella spp. most similar to B. henselae San Antonio 2 in eight cases (4 bottlenose dolphins, 2 striped dolphins, 2 harbor porpoises), B. henselae Houston 1 in three cases (2 Risso's dolphins, 1 harbor porpoise), and untyped in six cases (4 bottlenose dolphins, 1 striped dolphin, 1 pygmy sperm whale). Although disease causation has not been established, Bartonella species were detected more commonly from cetaceans that were overtly debilitated or were cohabiting in captivity with a debilitated animal than from free-ranging animals. The detection of Bartonella spp. from cetaceans may be of pathophysiological concern.

Non-catalytic multi-fuel reformer for syngas production for fuel cell applications

Rich combustion of n-heptane, diesel oil, jet A-1 kerosene, and bio-diesel (rapeseed-oil methyl ester) were studied to produce hydrogen enriched gas, ready for the cleanup stages for fuel cell applications. n-heptane was successfully reformed up to an equivalence ratio of 3:1, reaching a conversion efficiency up to 83% for a packed bed of alumina bead burner. Diesel, kerosene and bio-diesel were reformed to synthesis gas with conversion efficiency up to 65%. At equivalence ratio of 2:1 and P=7 kw, stability, low HC formation, high conversion efficiency, and low soot emission were achieved. A common synthesis gas composition around this condition was 15 and 13% H2, 15 and 17% CO, and 4 and 4.5% CO2 for n-heptane and diesel, jet A-1 and bio-diesel, respectively, for burner A. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2010 Spring National Meeting (San Antonio, TX 3/21-25/2010).

Winglets for Improved Aerothermal Performance of High Pressure Turbines

This paper investigates the design of winglet tips for unshrouded high pressure turbine rotors, considering aerodynamic and thermal performance simultaneously. A novel parameterization method has been developed to alter the tip geometry of a rotor blade. A design survey of un-cooled, flat-tipped winglets is performed using RANS calculations for a single rotor at engine representative operating conditions. Compared to a plain tip, large efficiency gains can be realized by employing an overhang around the full perimeter of the blade, but the overall heat load rises significantly. By employing an overhang on only the early suction surface, significant efficiency improvements can be obtained without increasing the overall heat transfer to the blade. The flow physics are explored in detail to explain the results. For a plain tip, the leakage and passage vortices interact to create a three-dimensional impingement onto the blade suction surface, causing high heat transfer. The addition of an overhang on the early suction surface displaces the tip leakage vortex away from the blade, weakening the impingement effect and reducing the heat transfer on the blade. The winglets reduce the aerodynamic losses by unloading the tip section, reducing the leakage flow rate, turning the leakage flow in a more streamwise direction and reducing the interaction between the leakage fluid and endwall flows. Generally these effects are most effective close to the leading edge of the tip, where the leakage flow is subsonic.