The temporal evolution of nonverbal synchrony in outpatient psychotherapy: An aggregation of single-case studies

Objective: The authors quantified nonverbal synchrony—the coordination of patient's and therapist's movement—in a random sample of same-sex psychotherapy dyads. The authors contrasted nonverbal synchrony in these dyads with a control condition and assessed its association with session-level and overall psychotherapy outcome. Method: Using an automated objective video analysis algorithm (Motion Energy Analysis; MEA), the authors calculated nonverbal synchrony in (n = 104) videotaped psychotherapy sessions from 70 Caucasian patients (37 women, 33 men, mean age = 36.5 years, SD = 10.2) treated at an outpatient psychotherapy clinic. The sample was randomly drawn from an archive (N = 301) of routinely videotaped psychotherapies. Patients and their therapists assessed session impact with self-report postsession questionnaires. A battery of pre- and postsymptomatology questionnaires measured therapy effectiveness. Results: The authors found that nonverbal synchrony is higher in genuine interactions contrasted with pseudointeractions (a control condition generated by a specifically designed shuffling procedure). Furthermore, nonverbal synchrony is associated with session-level process as well as therapy outcome: It is increased in sessions rated by patients as manifesting high relationship quality and in patients experiencing high self-efficacy. Higher nonverbal synchrony characterized psychotherapies with higher symptom reduction. Conclusions: The results suggest that nonverbal synchrony embodies the patients' self-reported quality of the relationship and further variables of therapy process. This hitherto overlooked facet of therapeutic relationships might prove useful as an indicator of therapy progress and outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)

The Effects of Social Anxiety on the Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence

The present study sought to investigate the ways in which social anxiety impedes the development of romantic relationships across adolescence. Previous research has demonstrated a natural progression for romantic associations during adolescence in which teens transition from same- to mixed-sex peer groups, and finally to dyadic relationships with romantic partners (Connolly, Furman, Konarski, 2000; Dunphy, 1963). This model of development was the basis for the present investigation. Social anxiety was examined in terms of how it impacted affiliations at the same- and mixed sex peer group levels, and ultimately the formation of romantic relationships. This project involved administering a series of questionnaires and rating scales to students enrolled in the 9th through \2l grades. Participants included 457 adolescents (196 males, 261 females) recruited from public high schools in the state of Maine. The questionnaires assessed social anxiety, peer acceptance, heterosocial competence, gender composition of adolescent peer networks, dating history, and relationship quality with significant others in the adolescent's life. Higher levels of social anxiety were expected to be associated with impairment at each of these three levels. Given the proposed developmental progression, the effects of anxiety were theorized to be most pronounced within the older cohort of adolescents. Moreover, gender was expected to affect the pattern of results. Social anxiety is most prevalent among females (LaGreca, 1998; LaGreca & Lopez, 1998), who are also thought to progress along the proposed developmental trajectory more quickly than their male counterparts. Therefore, social anxiety was expected to impact the females to a greater degree at each of the three levels. Correlation coefficients, multivariate analyses of variance, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. Overall, despite some discrepant findings, the results supported the hypotheses. Social anxiety was affiliated with problems in the same-sex peer group, the mixed-sex clique, and, for older adolescents, romantic relationships. As expected, social anxiety affected females the most at each level. There seems to be a maladaptive pathway that socially anxious teens are following that is markedly different than their non-anxious counterparts.

Modalidades de la diversidad en los vínculos familiares

Se presenta una síntesis del nuevo proyecto de investigación, en el que se propone indagar las Modalidades de la diversidad en el ejercicio de la parentalidad y en la pareja , en dos campos de problemáticas. Una refiere a la diversidad en relación con las múltiples formas que adquieren hoy las configuraciones vinculares familiares. La otra a la diversidad en relación con la conformación sexual de la pareja. Se desarrollan los núcleos conceptuales con que se abordarán dichas problemáticas: origen y transformaciones del patriarcado ; sexualidad y diversidad ; complejización y ampliación de los conceptos del marco teórico que se vienen utilizando desde las anteriores investigaciones: concepto de familia (organización y aspectos estructurales), principios de permanencia y cambio , vínculo , diversidad y parejas parentales del mismo sexo. De investigaciones anteriores se evalúa que persiste la representación de la madre como eje central de la crianza y que el reparto del poder entre madres y padres en la familia y entre varones y mujeres en la sociedad surge con vacilaciones y ambivalencias. Orientará la presente investigación la indagación sobre los modos actuales de expresión de estas representaciones, en familias de organización y configuración de la pareja no convencionales. El análisis de sus transformaciones posibilitará dilucidar su relación con nuevas formas de lazo familiar que den cuenta de la diversidad

Modalidades de la diversidad en los vínculos familiares

Se presenta una síntesis del nuevo proyecto de investigación, en el que se propone indagar las Modalidades de la diversidad en el ejercicio de la parentalidad y en la pareja , en dos campos de problemáticas. Una refiere a la diversidad en relación con las múltiples formas que adquieren hoy las configuraciones vinculares familiares. La otra a la diversidad en relación con la conformación sexual de la pareja. Se desarrollan los núcleos conceptuales con que se abordarán dichas problemáticas: origen y transformaciones del patriarcado ; sexualidad y diversidad ; complejización y ampliación de los conceptos del marco teórico que se vienen utilizando desde las anteriores investigaciones: concepto de familia (organización y aspectos estructurales), principios de permanencia y cambio , vínculo , diversidad y parejas parentales del mismo sexo. De investigaciones anteriores se evalúa que persiste la representación de la madre como eje central de la crianza y que el reparto del poder entre madres y padres en la familia y entre varones y mujeres en la sociedad surge con vacilaciones y ambivalencias. Orientará la presente investigación la indagación sobre los modos actuales de expresión de estas representaciones, en familias de organización y configuración de la pareja no convencionales. El análisis de sus transformaciones posibilitará dilucidar su relación con nuevas formas de lazo familiar que den cuenta de la diversidad

Modalidades de la diversidad en los vínculos familiares

Se presenta una síntesis del nuevo proyecto de investigación, en el que se propone indagar las Modalidades de la diversidad en el ejercicio de la parentalidad y en la pareja , en dos campos de problemáticas. Una refiere a la diversidad en relación con las múltiples formas que adquieren hoy las configuraciones vinculares familiares. La otra a la diversidad en relación con la conformación sexual de la pareja. Se desarrollan los núcleos conceptuales con que se abordarán dichas problemáticas: origen y transformaciones del patriarcado ; sexualidad y diversidad ; complejización y ampliación de los conceptos del marco teórico que se vienen utilizando desde las anteriores investigaciones: concepto de familia (organización y aspectos estructurales), principios de permanencia y cambio , vínculo , diversidad y parejas parentales del mismo sexo. De investigaciones anteriores se evalúa que persiste la representación de la madre como eje central de la crianza y que el reparto del poder entre madres y padres en la familia y entre varones y mujeres en la sociedad surge con vacilaciones y ambivalencias. Orientará la presente investigación la indagación sobre los modos actuales de expresión de estas representaciones, en familias de organización y configuración de la pareja no convencionales. El análisis de sus transformaciones posibilitará dilucidar su relación con nuevas formas de lazo familiar que den cuenta de la diversidad

DISCURSOS E PRÁTICAS FUNDAMENTALISTAS NA IGREJA PRESBITERIANA DO BRASIL (2002-2008) UMA ANÁ-LISE DA PRETENSA POSIÇÃO DE EQÜIDISTÂNCIA DOS EXTREMOS FUNDAMENTALISTAS E LIBERAIS

Em diversas ocasiões, os líderes da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil revelaram o desejo de uma eqüidistância teológica dos extremos liberais e fundamentalistas. Entretanto, os dis-cursos e as práticas dessa instituição eclesiástica contrastam com esse posicionamento ofici-al. Além disso, essa pretensa posição de eqüidistância dos extremos liberais e fundamenta-listas não denota fronteiras rígidas, mas é um instrumento eficaz de legitimação do poder nos momentos de reconfiguração do campo religioso, principalmente em situações de crises internas. Outrossim, após a redemocratização do Brasil e o conseqüente aumento de plura-lismo religioso, houve a transformação do campo social brasileiro, provocando dificuldades em setores mais conservadores dessa instituição. Atualmente, procura-se revitalizar a pró-pria tradição religiosa diante das ameaças de sua dissolução impostas pelos processos e-mancipatórios modernos e pela influência das concepções seculares e supostamente atéias da vida (como o feminismo, a luta em defesa dos direitos reprodutivos, a união civil entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, o chamado ―movimento de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transgêneros‖ etc.). No campo religioso, os resultados imediatos dessa postura de reação em face das transformações sociais impostas pela modernidade são: (1) misoginia; (2) aquela manifestação de ativismo político-religioso de caráter conservador os protestantes de pen-dor fundamentalista, cuja expansão no Brasil se vem processando há muitas décadas, em ritmo sabidamente veloz, com base em um modelo de proselitismo muito bem-sucedido entre as camadas mais pobres da população brasileira, por todo território nacional.(AU)

DISCURSOS E PRÁTICAS FUNDAMENTALISTAS NA IGREJA PRESBITERIANA DO BRASIL (2002-2008) UMA ANÁ-LISE DA PRETENSA POSIÇÃO DE EQÜIDISTÂNCIA DOS EXTREMOS FUNDAMENTALISTAS E LIBERAIS

Em diversas ocasiões, os líderes da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil revelaram o desejo de uma eqüidistância teológica dos extremos liberais e fundamentalistas. Entretanto, os dis-cursos e as práticas dessa instituição eclesiástica contrastam com esse posicionamento ofici-al. Além disso, essa pretensa posição de eqüidistância dos extremos liberais e fundamenta-listas não denota fronteiras rígidas, mas é um instrumento eficaz de legitimação do poder nos momentos de reconfiguração do campo religioso, principalmente em situações de crises internas. Outrossim, após a redemocratização do Brasil e o conseqüente aumento de plura-lismo religioso, houve a transformação do campo social brasileiro, provocando dificuldades em setores mais conservadores dessa instituição. Atualmente, procura-se revitalizar a pró-pria tradição religiosa diante das ameaças de sua dissolução impostas pelos processos e-mancipatórios modernos e pela influência das concepções seculares e supostamente atéias da vida (como o feminismo, a luta em defesa dos direitos reprodutivos, a união civil entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, o chamado ―movimento de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transgêneros‖ etc.). No campo religioso, os resultados imediatos dessa postura de reação em face das transformações sociais impostas pela modernidade são: (1) misoginia; (2) aquela manifestação de ativismo político-religioso de caráter conservador os protestantes de pen-dor fundamentalista, cuja expansão no Brasil se vem processando há muitas décadas, em ritmo sabidamente veloz, com base em um modelo de proselitismo muito bem-sucedido entre as camadas mais pobres da população brasileira, por todo território nacional.(AU)

República Federativa Evangélica: uma análise de gênero sobre a laicidade no Brasil a partir da atuação dos/as parlamentares evangélicos/as no Congresso Nacional no exercício da 54ª Legislatura São Bernardo do Campo

Essa pesquisa objetiva a análise da relação entre religião e política, em perspectiva de gênero considerando a atuação de parlamentares evangélicos/as na 54ª Legislatura (de 2011 a 2014) e a forma de intervenção desses atores no espaço político brasileiro quanto à promulgação de leis e ao desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que contemplem, dentre outras, a regulamentação do aborto, a criminalização da homofobia, a união estável entre pessoas do mesmo sexo e os desafios oriundos dessa posição para o Estado Brasileiro que se posiciona como laico. Ora, se laico remete à ideia de neutralidade estatal em matéria religiosa, legislar legitimado por determinados princípios fundamentados em doutrinas religiosas, pode sugerir a supressão da liberdade e da igualdade, o não reconhecimento da diversidade e da pluralidade e a ausência de limites entre os interesses públicos / coletivos e privados / particulares. Os procedimentos metodológicos para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa fundamentam-se na análise e interpretação bibliográfica visando estabelecer a relação entre religião e política, a conceituação, qualificação e tipificação do fenômeno da laicidade; levantamento documental; análise dos discursos de parlamentares evangélicos/as divulgados pela mídia, proferidos no plenário e adotados para embasar projetos de leis; pesquisa qualitativa com a realização de entrevistas e observações das posturas públicas adotadas pelos/as parlamentares integrantes da Frente Parlamentar Evangélica - FPE. Porquanto, os postulados das Ciências da Religião devidamente correlacionados com a interpretação do conjunto de dados obtidos no campo de pesquisa podem identificar o lugar do religioso na sociedade de forma interativa com as interfaces da laicidade visando aprofundar a compreensão sobre a democracia, sobre o lugar da religião nas sociedades contemporâneas e sobre os direitos difusos, coletivos e individuais das pessoas.

Molecular Genetic Basis of Opposite Gene by Environment Interactions in Reading Disability and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

The goal of this study is to better understand the genetic basis of Reading Disability (RD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by examining molecular G x E interactions with parental education for each disorder. Research indicates that despite sharing genetic risk factors, RD and ADHD are influenced by different types of G x E interactions with parental education - a diathesis stress interaction in the case of ADHD and a bioecological interaction in RD. In order to resolve this apparent paradox, we conducted a preliminary study using behavioral genetic methods to test for G x E interactions in RD and the inattentive subtype of ADHD (ADHD-I) in the same sample of monozygotic and dizygotic Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center same-sex twin pairs (DeFries et al., 1997), and our findings were consistent with the literature. We posited a genetic hypothesis for this opposite pattern of interactions, which suggests that only genes specific to each disorder enter into these opposite interactions, not the shared genes underlying their comorbidity. This study sought to further investigate this paradox using molecular genetics methods. We examined multiple candidate genes identified for RD or related language phenotypes and those identified for ADHD for G x E interactions with parental education. The specific aims of this study were as follows: 1) partition known risk alleles for RD and/or related language phenotypes and ADHD-I into those which are pleiotropic and non-pleiotropic by testing each risk allele for association with both RD and ADHD-I, 2) explore the main effects of parental education on both RD and ADHD-I, 3) address G-E correlations, and 4) conduct exploratory G x E interaction analyses in order to test the genetic hypothesis. Analyses suggested a number of pleiotropic genes that influence both RD and ADHD; however, results did not remain after correcting for multiple comparisons. Although exploratory G x E interaction findings were not significant after multiple comparison correction, results suggested a G x E interaction in the bioecological direction with KIAA0319, parental education, and ADHD-I. Given the limited power in the current study, replication of these findings with larger samples is necessary.

Clinical Implications for Working with Gay Men A Self Psychological Treatment Approach.

Specific training for conducting psychotherapy with gay men is limited for psychologists, particularly when using a Self Psychology theoretical orientation (Robertson, 1996). In fact, psychologists often are faced with conflicting and contradictory points of view that mirror society's condemnation of homosexuality (Robertson, 1996). This paper is written from a self-psychological perspective to address the lack of a constructive body of literature that explains the unique treatment needs which impact gay men. Estimates of the prevalence of male homosexuality have generated considerable debate. A common assumption is that there are homosexual and non-homosexual men. However, scientists have long been aware that sexual responsiveness to others of the same sex, like most human traits, is continuously distributed in the population (Michaels, 1996). Still the presumption exists that such traits are stable within each man over time (Michaels, 1996). Conflating same-sex sexual experiences with a categorization of the man as homosexual is problematic, in that defining sexuality solely on the basis of experience excludes people who fantasize about sex with others of the same sex but never have sexual contact. Thus, most modern conceptions of sexual orientation consider personal identification, sexual behavior, and sexual fantasy (McWhirter, Sanders & Reinisch, 1990). Gay men's mental health can only be understood in the context of homosexuality throughout history, since religious and moral objections to sexual attraction between men have existed for centuries. Men who desired other men were regarded as sinful and depraved if not ill or abnormal, and same sex contacts were not distinguished from lewd behaviors (Weeks, 1989). Although most people, regardless of sexual orientation, have experienced some feelings of personal rejection, rarely do heterosexuals become targets for disapproval based on the nature of their attractions and behaviors relative to the same and to the other sex. For lesbians, bisexuals, and gay men, however, homosexuality becomes the focus of aspects of themselves that make them feel hated and hateful (Isay, 1989). While gay men and lesbians are often considered together because of the same-sex nature of their relationships and the similar issues that they may experience in their treatment within society, there are many issues where they might be best studied separately. Issues involving with health, parenthood, sexuality and perceived roles and status in society, for example, are often related more to gender than to any shared concept of a 'gay and lesbian community'. Many issues surrounding lesbians and lesbian culture will have more to do with women's issues, and some issues involving with gay men will have more to do with the gay male subculture and with masculinity. The author of this paper has limited experience in working with lesbian and bisexual individuals, and although it is likely that some of the concepts articulated in this paper could translate to working with lesbian and bisexual individuals, further research is indicated to examine the beneficence of utilizing a Self Psychological orientation in psychotherapy with lesbian women and bisexual individuals. This paper presents an overview of the literature including historical treatments of homosexuality, the history of Self Psychology, key principles in Self Psychology, research on Self Psychology, identity development models for gay men, and Self Psychological perspectives on identity development related to gay men. The literature review is followed by a section on treatment implications for psychologists seeking to treat gay men, including case vignettes based on work from my own practice. I have preserved the anonymity of clients by changing demographics, and rearranging and combining presenting issues and historical backgrounds among the case examples.

Brief for Amici Curiae Scholars of the Constitutional Rights of Children in Support of Respondent Edith Windsor Addressing the Merits and Supporting Affirmance

This amicus brief filed by Scholars of the Constitutional Rights of Children turns the spotlight on children in same-sex families. The brief enumerates the ways Section 3 of DOMA impairs children's interests by denying federal recognition of their parents' marriages.

Social anxiety and self-concept in adolescence

This study analyzes the relationships between social anxiety and dimensions of self-concept in a sample of 2022 (50.1% males) Spanish adolescents, ranging in age from 12 to 16 year-olds. The social anxiety was assessed by the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI), and self-concept was measured with the Self-Description Questionnaire II (SDQ-II). Logistic regression analyses show that adolescents with social anxiety are more likely to negatively perceive their relationship with opposite sex peers and have lower scores in self-esteem than students without social anxiety. Furthermore, in most logistic models, students with social anxiety also show a higher probability of perceiving their relation with peers of the same sex in a negative way, considering worse student, less attractive and athletic, and more emotional instable than students without social anxiety. The relevance of sex and grade in the relationship between social anxiety and self-concept in adolescence is discussed.

Capacidad predictiva de la autoeficacia académica sobre las dimensiones del autoconcepto en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la capacidad predictiva de la autoeficacia académica sobre las dimensiones del autoconcepto en una muestra de 860 estudiantes chilenos. El análisis de regresión logística reveló que la autoeficacia académica fue un predictor positivo y significativo de las escalas académicas (Matemáticas, Verbal y Académica General), no académicas (Habilidades Físicas, Apariencia Física, Relaciones con el Sexo Opuesto, Relaciones con el Mismo Sexo, Relación con los Padres, Sinceridad- Veracidad), y de la escala de Autoestima, excepto de la escala de Estabilidad Emocional. Esta relación de predicción fue de mayor magnitud con las escalas académicas y autoestima.

Little essays of love and virtue,

Children and parents -- The meaning of purity -- The objects of marriage -- Husbands and wives -- The love-rights of women -- The play-function of sex -- The individual and the race.