983 resultados para SOMATIC CELL COUNT


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Elevation of ketone bodies occurs frequently after parturition during negative energy balance in high yielding dairy cows. Previous studies illustrated that hyperketonemia interferes with metabolism and it is assumed that it impairs the immune response. However, a causative effect of ketone bodies could not be shown in vivo before, because spontaneous hyperketonemia comes usually along with high NEFA and low glucose concentrations. The objective was to study effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) infusion and an additional intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on metabolism and immune response in dairy cows. Thirteen dairy cows received intravenously either a BHBA infusion (group BHBA, n=5) to induce hyperketonemia (1.7 mmol/L), or an infusion with a 0.9 % saline solution (Control, n=8) for 56 h. Infusions started at 0900 on day 1 and continue up to 1700 two days later. Two udder quarters were challenged with 200 μg Escherichia coli-LPS 48 h after the start of infusion. Blood samples were taken one week and 2 h before the start of infusions as reference samples and hourly during the infusion. Liver and mammary gland biopsies were taken one week before the start of the infusion, 48 h after the start of the infusion, and mammary tissues was additionally taken 8 h after LPS challenge (56 h after the start of infusions). Rectal temperature (RT) and somatic cell count (SCC) was measured before and 48 h after the start of infusions and hourly during LPS challenge. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose, BHBA, NEFA, triglyceride, urea, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol concentration. The mRNA abundance of factors related to potential adaptations of metabolism and immune system was measured in liver and mammary tissue biopsies. Differences between blood constituents, RT, SCC, and mRNA abundance before and 48 h after the start of infusions, and differences between mRNA abundance before and after LPS challenges were tested for significance by GLM of SAS procedure with treatment as fixed effect. Area under the curve was calculated for blood variables during 48 h BHBA infusion and during the LPS challenge, and additionally for RT and SCC during the LPS challenge. Most surprisingly, both plasma glucose and glucagon concentration decreased during the 48 h of BHBA infusion (P<0.05). During the 48 h of BHBA infusion, serum amyloid A mRNA abundance in mammary gland was increased (P<0.01), and haptoglobin (Hp) mRNA abundance tended to increase in cows treated with BHBA compared to control group (P= 0.07). RT, SCC, and candidate genes related to immune response in the liver were not affected by BHBA infusion. However, during LPS challenge the expected increase of both plasma glucose and glucagon concentration was much less pronounced in the animals treated with BHBA (P<0.05) and also SCC increased much less pronounced in the animals infused with BHBA (P<0.05) than in the controls. An increased BHBA infusion rate to maintain plasma BHBA constant could not fully compensate for the decreased plasma BHBA during the LPS challenge which indicates that BHBA is used as an energy source during the immune response. In addition, BHBA infused animals showed a more pronounced increase of mRNA abundance of IL-8, IL-10, and citrate synthase in the mammary tissue of LPS challenged quarters (P<0.05) than control animals. Results demonstrate that infusion of BHBA affects metabolism through decreased plasma glucose concentration which is likely related to a decreased release of glucagon during hyperketonemia and during additional inflammation. It also affects the systemic and mammary immune response which may reflect the increased susceptibility for mastitis during spontaneous hyperketonemia. The obviously reduced gluconeogenesis in response to BHBA infusion may be a mechanism to stimulated the use of BHBA as an energy source instead of glucose, and/or to save oxaloacetate for the citric acid cycle instead of gluconeogenesis and as a consequence to reduce ketogenesis.

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cows and in Mediterranean buffaloes. Genotype B (GTB) is contagious in dairy cows and may occur in up to 87% of cows of a dairy herd. It was the aim of this study to evaluate genotypes present, clinical outcomes, and prevalence of Staph. aureus in milk samples of primiparous Mediterranean dairy buffaloes. Two hundred composite milk samples originating from 40 primiparous buffaloes were collected from May to June 2012, at d 10, 30, 60, 90, and 150 d in milk (DIM) to perform somatic cell counts and bacteriological cultures. Daily milk yields were recorded. Before parturition until 40 to 50 DIM, all primiparous animals were housed separated from the pluriparous animals. Milking was performed in the same milking parlor, but the primiparous animals were milked first. After 50 DIM, the primiparous were mixed with the pluriparous animals, including the milking procedure. Individual quarter samples were collected from each animal, and aliquots of 1 mL were mixed and used for molecular identification and genotyping of Staph. aureus. The identification of Staph. aureus was performed verifying the presence of nuc gene by nuc gene PCR. All the nuc-positive isolates were subjected to genotype analysis by means of PCR amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region and analyzed by a miniaturized electrophoresis system. Of all 200 composite samples, 41 (20.5%) were positive for Staph. aureus, and no genotype other than GTB was identified. The prevalence of samples positive for Staph. aureus was 0% at 10 DIM and increased to a maximum of 22/40 (55%) at 90 DIM. During the period of interest, 14 buffaloes tested positive for Staph. aureus once, 6 were positive twice, and 5 were positive 3 times, whereas 15 animals were negative at every sampling. At 90 and 150 DIM, 7 (17.5%) and 3 buffaloes (7.5%), respectively, showed clinical mastitis (CM), and only 1 (2.5%) showed CM at both samplings. At 60, 90, and 150 DIM, 1 buffalo was found with subclinical mastitis at each sampling. At 30, 60, 90, and 150 DIM, 2.5 (1/40), 22.5 (9/40), 35 (14/40), and 10% (4/40) were considered affected by intramammary infection, respectively. Buffaloes with CM caused by Staph. aureus had statistically significantly higher mean somatic cell count values (6.06 ± 0.29, Log10 cells/mL ± standard deviation) and statistically significantly lower mean daily milk yields (7.15 ± 1.49, liters/animal per day) than healthy animals (4.69 ± 0.23 and 13.87 ± 2.64, respectively), buffaloes with IMI (4.82 ± 0.23 and 11.16 ± 1.80, respectively), or with subclinical mastitis (5.47 ± 0.10 and 10.33 ± 0.68, respectively). Based on our knowledge, this is the first time that Staph. aureus GTB has been identified in milk samples of dairy Mediterranean buffaloes.

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The aims of this study were to quantify the effectiveness of specialist advice about udder health in Swiss dairy herds and to compare 3 different udder health improvement strategies against a negative control group. In 2010, 100 Swiss dairy herds with a high (between 200,000 and 300,000 cells/mL) yield-corrected bulk milk somatic cell count (YCBMSCC) were recruited for a 1-yr multiarm randomized field trial. The herds were visited between September and December 2011 to evaluate udder health-management practices and then randomly allocated into 1 of 4 study arms containing 25 herds each. The negative control study arm received neither recommendations for improving udder health nor any active support. The remaining 75 farmers received a herd-specific report with recommendations to improve udder health management. The positive control study arm received no further active support during 2012. The veterinarian study arm received additional support in the form of monthly visits by their herd veterinarian. Finally, the study group study arm received support in the form of bimonthly study group meetings where different topics concerning udder health were discussed. One year later, implementation of recommendations and changes in udder health were assessed. Of the recommendations given, 44.3% were completely implemented, 23.1% partially, and 32.6% were not implemented. No differences in implementation of recommendations were noted between the 3 study arms. At study enrollment, farmers were asked for the study arm of their preference but were subsequently randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 study arms. Farmers that were assigned to the study arm of their preference implemented more recommendations than farmers assigned to a study arm not of their preference. No decrease in the within-herd prevalence of cows that had a high (≥200,000 cells/mL) composite somatic cell count was observed in herds that had a YCBMSCC ≥200,000 cells/mL at the start of intervention. However, the 3 study arms with intervention (positive control, the veterinarian, and the study groups) prevented an increase in the within-herd prevalence of cows that had a high somatic cell count in herds with a low YCBMSCC at the start of the intervention compared with the negative control study arm. In the year after sending the report, herds assigned to the study group study arm had a reduced incidence rate of treated mastitis cases in comparison with the year before sending the report.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of intramammary administration of prednisolone on the immune response of mammary glands in cows. ANIMALS: 5 lactating Red Holsteins. PROCEDURES: Cows received a different intramammary infusion in each mammary gland (10 mg of prednisolone, 100 μg of lipopolysaccharide [LPS], 100 μg of LPS and 10 mg of prednisolone, or saline [0.9% NaCl] solution). Milk samples were collected before (time 0) and 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36 hours after treatment. Somatic cell count (SCC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and concentrations of serum albumin (SA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in milk and mRNA expression of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-1β in milk somatic cells were analyzed. RESULTS: Saline solution or prednisolone did not change SCC, LDH activity, and SA and TNF-α concentrations in milk and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 in milk somatic cells. The SCC and TNF-α concentration in milk increased similarly in glands infused with LPS, independent of prednisolone administration. However, the increase of LDH activity and SA concentration in milk after LPS infusion was diminished by prednisolone administration. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β in milk somatic cells increased after LPS infusion and was unaffected by prednisolone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intramammary administration of prednisolone did not induce an immune response and did not change mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and L-1β during the response to intramammary administration of LPS. However, prednisolone reduced disruption of the blood-milk barrier. This could influence the severity and cure rate of mastitis.

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The unstable non acid milk (UNAM) is characterized by coagulation in the alcohol test and wanted acidity (14-18°D). Among Brazilian regions, the South and Southeast have the highest occurrence of LINA, which has been causing problems for both producers and for industries, due to the disposal or undervaluation of milk. In the Northeast there are few studies that indicate their occurrence and quality. The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of unstable non-acid milk in the west and central mesoregions of Rio Grande do Norte, determine their physicochemical characteristics, test alcoholic graduations and evaluate their correlation with the quality of milk. 176 raw milk samples were analyzed in the period from September to December /2014 from 23 APASA’s cooling tanks, located in 7 cities of west and central mesoregions RN. The samples were collected in duplicate, one sample used for alcohol testing at 68, 72 and 76%, measurement of pH, acidity, electrical conductivity and boiling proof, made in LABOLEITE / UFRN; and the other sample containing Bronopol® preservative, was sent to the APCBRH (Cattle Breeders Association Paranaense Holstein) laboratory in Curitiba-PR, which were analyzed fat, protein, total solids, lactose, casein, urea nitrogen and somatic cell count. The test alcohol samples disapproved 31.82%, of which 30% proved to be non-acid, and 30% had high acidity. The samples were divided into three classes: Stable Milk, UNAM and acid milk. 3% Tukey test was used for comparison of stable milk components and UNAM and there was no significant difference between them. Both classes obtained averages within the standard required by IN 62. The average value of electric conductivity was 4.84 mS/cm for stable milk, 4.55 mS/cm for unstable and acid milk and 4.53 mS/cm for non-acid unstable milk. The electrical conductivity was positively correlated with alcohol stability of milk and negative correlation with acidity and pH. Could not observe direct relationship between the electrical conductivity and the somatic cell count.The boiling test was negative for all samples UNAM. It can be concluded that the incidence of UNAM in the studied region is low, although the predisposing factors such as heat stress, drought and nutritional deficiency. In conclusion, the UNAM has quality similar to stable milk, conform the norms required by Agriculture Ministry, and with adequate thermal stability, which proves that there is no reason to reject this milk by industry.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diet with selenium on the physico-chemical composition and somatic cell count of buffalo milk, and check the selenium waste in milk and minas kind fresh cheese. For the analysis of physical-chemical composition and SCC were used 2264 buffalo milk data from the Murrah, belonging to Tapuio Ltda, located in the agreste region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the period 2010 to 2014. To check the amount of selenium residue in buffalo milk and fresh cheese mines were used 100 Murrah buffaloes divided into 5 lots. The batches were formed according to the production levels of animals, wherein the amount of concentrate fed varied within each lot, which received 0.08 ppm / Se / kg of concentrate. Was collected from 300 ml of tank milk from and each lot, as well as 300 gr minas cheese, from August to November 2014, with the collection of lots held only in the month of November. The samples were sent to the Pernambuco Tecnology Institute for selenium residue analysis. The effect of the seasons was contrasted in two ways, namely: Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter season or drought and rainy season. The analyzes statistics were performed using the procedures available in the software SAS® (SAS, 2002). Selenium level provided to the animals in this study was not significant to the point of detection of their residue in milk and the cheeses. However, it influences the reduction of the CCS. The milk characteristics were not affected by selenium use only the seasons.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diet with selenium on the physico-chemical composition and somatic cell count of buffalo milk, and check the selenium waste in milk and minas kind fresh cheese. For the analysis of physical-chemical composition and SCC were used 2264 buffalo milk data from the Murrah, belonging to Tapuio Ltda, located in the agreste region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the period 2010 to 2014. To check the amount of selenium residue in buffalo milk and fresh cheese mines were used 100 Murrah buffaloes divided into 5 lots. The batches were formed according to the production levels of animals, wherein the amount of concentrate fed varied within each lot, which received 0.08 ppm / Se / kg of concentrate. Was collected from 300 ml of tank milk from and each lot, as well as 300 gr minas cheese, from August to November 2014, with the collection of lots held only in the month of November. The samples were sent to the Pernambuco Tecnology Institute for selenium residue analysis. The effect of the seasons was contrasted in two ways, namely: Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter season or drought and rainy season. The analyzes statistics were performed using the procedures available in the software SAS® (SAS, 2002). Selenium level provided to the animals in this study was not significant to the point of detection of their residue in milk and the cheeses. However, it influences the reduction of the CCS. The milk characteristics were not affected by selenium use only the seasons.

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The purpose of the research was to investigate cow characteristics, farm facilities, and herd management strategies during the dry period to examine their joint influence on the rate of clinical mastitis after calving. Data were collected over a 2-yr period from 52 commercial dairy farms throughout England and Wales. Cows were separated for analysis into those housed for the dry period (8,710 cow-dry periods) and those at pasture (9,964 cow-dry periods). Multilevel models were used within a Bayesian framework with 2 response variables, the occurrence of a first case of clinical mastitis within the first 30 d of lactation and time to the first case of clinical mastitis during lactation. A variety of cow and herd management factors were identified as being associated with an increased rate of clinical mastitis and these were found to occur throughout the dry period. Significant cow factors were increased parity and at least one somatic cell count ≥200,000 cells/mL in the 90 d before drying off. A number of management factors related to hygiene were significantly associated with an increased rate of clinical mastitis. These included measures linked to the administration of dry-cow treatments and management of the early and late dry-period accommodation and calving areas. Other farm factors associated with a reduced rate of clinical mastitis were vaccination with a leptospirosis vaccine, selection of dry-cow treatments for individual cows within a herd rather than for the herd as a whole, routine body condition scoring of cows at drying off, and a pasture rotation policy of grazing dry cows for a maximum of 2 wk before allowing the pasture to remain nongrazed for a period of 4 wk. Models demonstrated a good ability to predict the farm incidence rate of clinical mastitis in a given year, with model predictions explaining over 85% of the variability in the observed data. The research indicates that specific dry-period management strategies have an important influence on the rate of clinical mastitis during the next lactation.

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Mastitis negatively influences the survival and weight gain of ovines for meat production. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in sheep for meat production, the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in ewes at the end of lactation and beginning of the consecutive lactation and to assess the composition and cellular characteristics of milk as a function of different rainfall indices. Mammary halves (821) of Santa Ines (479) and Morada Nova (342) ewes were examined. Milk samples were collected in two different moments of lactation: at weaning and postpartum of the consecutive lactation. Sample collection periods were called ?dry? or ?rainy? according to the rainfall index in the month immediately before the month of collection. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis at weaning in the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes were 16.4 and 12.6% in the dry period, and 17.7 and 23.5% in the rainy period, respectively. In the consecutive lactation period, the occurrences were 26.7 and 27.7% in the dry period and 41.8 and 39.1% in the rainy period, for the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes, respectively. Postpartum stage was critical for the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, as compared to that at the end of the previous lactation. Occurrence of the disease negatively influenced the SCC in the milk at the beginning of lactation and changed its composition, mainly in the rainiest periods, probably due to a difficulty in maintaining hygiene in the environment where the animals remained.

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The relationship between the level of cell confluence near the plateau phase of growth and blastocyst yield following somatic cell cloning is not well understood. We examined the effect of distinct cell culture confluence levels on in vitro development of cloned bovine embryos. In vitro-matured bovine oocytes were manually bisected and selected by DNA staining. One or two enucleated hemi-cytoplasts were paired and fused with an adult skin somatic cell. Cultured skin cells from an adult Nellore cow harvested at three distinct culture confluence levels (70-80, 80-90, and > 95%) were used for construction of embryos and hemi-embryos. After activation, structures were cultured in vitro as one embryo (1 x 100%) or as aggregates of two hemi-embryos (2 x 50%) per microwell. Fusion, cleavage and blastocyst rates were compared using the chi(2) test. The fusion rate for hemi-embryos (51.4%) was lower than for embryos (67.6%), with no influence of degree of cell confluence. However, blastocyst rates improved linearly (7.0, 17.5, and 29.4%) with increases in cell confluence. We conclude that degree of cell culture confluence significantly influences subsequent embryo development; use of a cell population in high confluence (> 90%) for nuclear transfer significantly improved blastocyst yield after cloning.

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BACKGROUND: Trichoplax adhaerens is the best-known member of the phylum Placozoa, one of the earliest-diverging metazoan phyla. It is a small disk-shaped animal that glides on surfaces in warm oceans to feed on algae. Prior anatomical studies of Trichoplax revealed that it has a simple three-layered organization with four somatic cell types. RESULTS: We reinvestigate the cellular organization of Trichoplax using advanced freezing and microscopy techniques to identify localize and count cells. Six somatic cell types are deployed in stereotyped positions. A thick ventral plate, comprising the majority of the cells, includes ciliated epithelial cells, newly identified lipophil cells packed with large lipid granules, and gland cells. Lipophils project deep into the interior, where they alternate with regularly spaced fiber cells whose branches contact all other cell types, including cells of the dorsal and ventral epithelium. Crystal cells, each containing a birefringent crystal, are arrayed around the rim. Gland cells express several proteins typical of neurosecretory cells, and a subset of them, around the rim, also expresses an FMRFamide-like neuropeptide. CONCLUSIONS: Structural analysis of Trichoplax with significantly improved techniques provides an advance in understanding its cell types and their distributions. We find two previously undetected cell types, lipohil and crystal cells, and an organized body plan in which different cell types are arranged in distinct patterns. The composition of gland cells suggests that they are neurosecretory cells and could control locomotor and feeding behavior.

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One of the several factors that contribute to the low efficiency of mammalian somatic cloning is poor fusion between the small somatic donor cell and the large recipient oocyte. This study was designed to test phytohemagglutinin (PHA) agglutination activity on fusion rate, and subsequent developmental potential of cloned bovine embryos. The toxicity of PHA was established by examining its effects on the development of parthenogenetic bovine oocytes treated with different doses (Experiment 1), and for different durations (Experiment 2). The effective dose and duration of PHA treatment (150 microg/mL, 20 min incubation) was selected and used to compare membrane fusion efficiency and embryo development following somatic cell nuclear transfer (Experiment 3). Cloning with somatic donor fibroblasts versus cumulus cells was also compared, both with and without PHA treatment (150 microg/mL, 20 min). Fusion rate of nuclear donor fibroblasts, after phytohemagglutinin treatment, was increased from 33 to 61% (P < 0.05), and from 59 to 88% (P < 0.05) with cumulus cell nuclear donors. The nuclear transfer (NT) efficiency per oocyte used was improved following PHA treatment, for both fibroblast (13% versus 22%) as well as cumulus cells (17% versus 34%; P < 0.05). The cloned embryos, both with and without PHA treatment, were subjected to vitrification and embryo transfer testing, and resulted in similar survival (approximately 90% hatching) and pregnancy rates (17-25%). Three calves were born following vitrification and embryo transfer of these embryos; two from the PHA-treated group, and one from non-PHA control group. We concluded that PHA treatment significantly improved the fusion efficiency of somatic NT in cattle, and therefore, increased the development of cloned blastocysts. Furthermore, within a determined range of dose and duration, PHA had no detrimental effect on embryo survival post-vitrification, nor on pregnancy or calving rates following embryo transfer.

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A colonial protochordate, Botryllus schlosseri, undergoes a natural transplantation reaction in the wild that results alternatively in colony fusion (chimera formation) or inflammatory rejection. A single, highly polymorphic histocompatibility locus (called Fu/HC) is responsible for rejection versus fusion. Gonads are seeded and gametogenesis can occur in colonies well after fusion, and involves circulating germ-line progenitors. Buss proposed that colonial organisms might develop self/non-self histocompatibility systems to limit the possibility of interindividual germ cell “parasitism” (GCP) to histocompatible kin [Buss, L. W. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 5337–5341 and Buss, L. W. (1987) The Evolution of Individuality (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton]. Here we demonstrate in laboratory and field experiments that both somatic cell and (more importantly) germ-line parasitism are a common occurrence in fused chimeras. These experiments support the tenet in Buss’s hypothesis that germ cell and somatic cell parasitism can occur in fused chimeras and that a somatic appearance may mask the winner of a gametic war. They also provide an interesting challenge to develop formulas that describe the inheritance of competing germ lines rather than competing individuals. The fact that fused B. schlosseri have higher rates of GCP than unfused colonies additionally provides a rational explanation for the generation and maintenance of a high degree of Fu/HC polymorphism, largely limiting GCP to sibling offspring.

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A particularidade da secreção láctea caprina, do tipo apócrina, diferente da secreção merócrina da vaca, leva a erros de interpretação durante a realização de técnicas de avaliação da celularidade do leite de fêmeas desta espécie. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a contagem de células somáticas pelo método indireto California Mastitis Test (CMT), e por métodos diretos, incluindo a contagem por citometria de fluxo e a contagem microscópica direta, através da coloração de verde de metil e pironina-Y, além de comparar os métodos de contagem celular. Foram analisadas 102 amostras de 51 fêmeas caprinas, das raças Saanen, Parda Alpina e Toggenburg, criadas no Estado de São Paulo. Os animais foram categorizados segundo a fase da lactação, exame físico da glândula mamária e exame do leite. As amostras foram colhidas, após a realização do exame Califórnia Mastitis Test, em duas alíquotas, uma destinada à contagem celular automática e a outra, a contagem microscópica direta, utilizando-se o corante verde de metil e pironina- Y. De acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, observou- se 74,5% de amostras negativas, 8,8% de amostras com escore traços, 8,8% de amostras ligeiramente positivas (+), 6,8% de amostras fracamente positivas (++) e 0,9% de amostras fortemente positivas (+++). Os valores medianos das contagens de células somáticas presentes no leite de cabras, avaliadas através de contador automático e microscopia direta, e analisadas de acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, foram, respectivamente, 181.000, 578.000, 628.000, 1.421.500 e 5.542.000 células/mL de leite e 74.991, 271.396, 71.420, 640.995 e 5.049.394 células/ mL de leite, nos escores negativo, traços, +, ++ e +++. Os valores medianos obtidos através da contagem de células somáticas pelo método automático e microscópico direto, de acordo com as fases de lactação foram de 159.500, 508.000 e 277.500 células/mL de leite, e 62.493, 89.275 e 146.411. A correlação obtida entre a contagem celular automática e microscópica direta foi de 88%. A partir dos resultados observados pode-se concluir que existe diferença na contagem celular determinada através do método automático e microscópico sendo este último o mais adequado para a determinação da celularidade no leite de cabras.

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Aiming at international competitiveness of the Brazilian dairy sector, new governmental policies were released to improve quality and safety of bovine milk. In this context, it is important to quantify essential and toxic chemical elements. Here, the composition of milk samples taken at 32 dairy farms in Minas Gerais State was assessed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), besides the evaluation of usual quality parameters. Significant differences were found for Ba, K, Na and fat content amongst dairy farms with diverse quality levels established on basis of somatic cell and total bacterial count.