Algunas reflexiones en torno al crecimiento económico, la distribución de la riqueza y la posesión de la tierra en la Guardia de Luján durante el segundo gobierno de Rosas

En el presente artículo se compara la información sobre población y ocupación de las tierras de la Guardia de Luján con los datos económicos que brinda el impuesto de la Contribución Directa para la primera mitad del siglo XIX y, específicamente, para analizar la década de 1840. El objetivo es mostrar el dinamismo de esta sociedad. Si bien esta cuestión fue tempranamente advertida y luego desarrollada por trabajos de largo alcance, aquí se aportan datos desde la historia local porque posibilitan observar el proceso más detalladamente (sobre todo uno de sus rasgos característicos: la movilidad ascendente y descendente) no sólo en el largo plazo sino también en el corto. En este sentido, este trabajo aporta al estudio sobre el crecimiento económico y la distribución de la riqueza discriminando los sujetos sociales involucrados y observando la evolución de sus patrimonios

Los desafíos del uso combinado de un cuestionario estructurado y un calendario de historia de vida para el estudio de trayectorias laborales

El presente artículo se enmarca en un proyecto de investigación más amplio, realizado en la localidad de Ministro Rivadavia en el Partido de Alte. Brown. La investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar los procesos de movilidad, estancamiento y marginalización social en el período 1994-2008, para una población con elevados índices de pobreza e inserciones laborales precarias e informales. En este estudio nos proponemos reflexionar sobre los desafíos que implicó la articulación entre un cuestionario estructurado y un calendario de historia de vida para el análisis de trayectorias laborales. El trabajo presenta las características de la metodología empleada, discute sus antecedentes teórico-metodológicos y especifica dónde se inscribe la articulación metodológica propuesta en el mapa posible de estrategias de investigación sociológica. A lo largo del artículo, retomamos los debates y propuestas en torno al manejo de la dimensión temporal y presentamos distintos esquemas de análisis centrados en la consideración del tiempo en sus múltiples manifestaciones micro y macrosociales. El artículo contribuye al debate sobre la integración de estrategias de investigación cualitativas y cuantitativas, y evidencia las potencialidades del instrumento propuesto para captar la temporalidad en su carácter plural y multidimensional

Los migrantes del noroeste hispánico en el Buenos Aires tardo colonial : La construcción de un tejido relacional luego del traslado ultramarino

A fines del siglo XVIII las migraciones de gallegos y asturianos a la ciudad de Buenos Aires se incrementaron. Estos desplazamientos estuvieron condicionados por diferentes factores, que operaron de ambos lados del Atlántico: la instauración de una línea regular de transporte oficial entre La Coruña y Montevideo (los Correos Marítimos); la larga tradición marítima y migratoria de las zonas costeras de Galicia y Asturias; o el desarrollo económico de la capital virreinal, con sus oportunidades de movilidad social ascendente, entre otros. Dentro de Buenos Aires, los oriundos del noroeste hispánico generaron un tejido de relaciones sociales, que incluyó vínculos con paisanos y con el componente nativo de la sociedad de recepción. A lo largo de este trabajo analizaremos esta ambigua dirección de los lazos sociales postmigratorios, a partir del examen de algunas fuentes primarias básicas, tales como las actas matrimoniales, los testamentos o los padrones de habitantes.

La distribución de la tierra y el crecimiento económico de la campaña de Buenos Aires : Un estudio de la región Oeste, 1839-1867

En Buenos Aires, el periodo que transcurre entre 1839 y 1869 se caracterizó por un crecimiento económico casi constante. Dicho proceso generó una creciente desigualdad en la distribución de la riqueza (fundamentalmente de la tierra) pero produjo una importante movilidad social, sobre todo entre 1839 y 1855. La región Oeste presenta particularidades bien marcadas en el proceso señalado que aún no han sido estudiadas en detalle. A partir del análisis conjunto del impuesto de la Contribución Directa y los expedientes de tierras, se estudian las causas del movimiento diferencial que se operó allí. Se analizan los partidos de Chivilcoy, Mercedes y Suipacha (ex partido de la Guardia de Luján hasta 1845) porque sintetizan muy bien los cambios operados en la región de estudio

Inmigrantes españoles en la Provincia del Paraguay. 1776-1811

El presente trabajo se refiere a las características de los inmigrantes españoles en la Provincia del Paraguay, entre 1776 y 1811. La motivación para ahondar en el tema ha sido el deseo de constatar el rol protagónico a nivel político y socioeconómico que los mismos tuvieron en la sociedad de la época, puesto de relieve en los libros de historia tradicionales. Las fuentes a las cuales recurrimos han sido testamentos de los inmigrantes, hallados en el Archivo Nacional de Asunción (A.N.A), ya que estos poseen datos tales como lugar de procedencia de los testamentarios, oficios, monto parcial o total de bienes, entre otros interesantes datos

Algunas reflexiones en torno al crecimiento económico, la distribución de la riqueza y la posesión de la tierra en la Guardia de Luján durante el segundo gobierno de Rosas

En el presente artículo se compara la información sobre población y ocupación de las tierras de la Guardia de Luján con los datos económicos que brinda el impuesto de la Contribución Directa para la primera mitad del siglo XIX y, específicamente, para analizar la década de 1840. El objetivo es mostrar el dinamismo de esta sociedad. Si bien esta cuestión fue tempranamente advertida y luego desarrollada por trabajos de largo alcance, aquí se aportan datos desde la historia local porque posibilitan observar el proceso más detalladamente (sobre todo uno de sus rasgos característicos: la movilidad ascendente y descendente) no sólo en el largo plazo sino también en el corto. En este sentido, este trabajo aporta al estudio sobre el crecimiento económico y la distribución de la riqueza discriminando los sujetos sociales involucrados y observando la evolución de sus patrimonios

Migration as a rural development strategy and the migrants involved : an account of a migrants' hometown in Sichuan, China

This paper attempts to describe part of the history of Chinese rural migration to urban industrial areas. Using a case study of a township in Sichuan, the author examines a type of rural development which she defines as a "bottom-up" style strategy of regional development. Different types of social mobility are observed in the case study, and over its long history, migration in the township has offered diverse means of social mobility to the local peasants. The paper concludes by considering the diversity and limits of Chinese social mobility at this stage.

O PROCESSO FORMATIVO E A ATUAÇÃO DO ARTE-EDUCADOR: POSSIBILIDADES E CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA IRONISTA

A presente pesquisa visa a revisão bibliográfica do processo formativo e, ao mesmo tempo, a investigação e problematização da atuação contemporânea do educador ironista na Educação. O autor Imanol Aguirre, concebe este título ao educador que seja provocativo, inteirado e propositor de experiências estéticas frente às complexidades contemporâneas, amalgamadas num tecido histórico-social caracterizado pelo trânsito da pluralidade, dos imaginários, da construção de identidade e da mobilidade social. O ironista atua dialogicamente “in loco” criando respostas às variadas demandas com os seus educandos. A fomentação da crítica, a mobilização da dúvida e da ironia, a conexão dos territórios das competências e habilidades, são os objetivos pelos quais o educador ironista intenciona um cenário educacional mais efetivo e emancipador ante as reais necessidades contemporâneas.

Las clases medias en Europa: status y poder en el siglo XXI

European societies are undergoing deep changes as a result of globalization and the international financial crisis that began in 2007. These changes affect the class structure to the extent that these societies suffer an impact on the occupational structure and consume pattern. From the data of Eurobarometer we studied the state of social mobility in the European Union. Comparing the subjective status between 2009 and 2012, we observed divergent movements in European societies. Some societies experimented upward mobility while others just the opposite. We conclude that exists an increasing gap between European societies. To consider the effects of these changes on the status structures a structural model has been tested, exploring the relationship between social class, status and power in European societies. We conclude a statistically significant effect of social class and status on the consciousness perceived to possess more or less power. Two dimensions measure power: “political alienation” and “economic alienation”.

Artefatos funerários como fontes para a história de ofícios urbanos artesanais

Este artigo descreve o uso de artefatos funerários na reconstituição histórica do processo de trabalho em marmorarias instaladas no município de São Carlos (São Paulo, Brasil), no período 1890-1950. Observação direta e registro fotográfico de artefatos funerários, exame de ferramentas de trabalho e utilização de fontes orais permitiram a reconstituição do processo de trabalho. A composição química de fragmentos de artefatos funerários foi determinada por Difração de Raios X e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, evidenciando matérias-primas e sua combinação e uso no processo de trabalho. Considerando-se as etapas produtivas da indústria de rochas ornamentais (extração, serragem e beneficiamento final), os artefatos funerários indicam que as marmorarias inseriam-se na etapa de beneficiamento final. As marmorarias integravam os setores de base técnica artesanal da indústria brasileira, apresentando: baixo grau de concentração de capital e de operários; predomínio da habilidade do ofício especializado; separação pouco nítida entre trabalhadores e instrumentos de trabalho; identificação do trabalhador com o produto. Artefatos de mármore e granito eram destinados a brasileiros de segmentos sociais abastados, durante o início da imigração na cidade de São Carlos (final do século XIX). A partir de 1920, italianos incorporam-se a clientela dos marmoristas, indicando a mobilidade social do imigrante na cidade.

Resonance of Unseen Things : Poetics, Power, Captivity, and UFOs in the American Uncanny /

'The Resonance of Unseen Things: Power, Poetics, Captivity and UFOs in the American Uncanny' offers an ethnographic meditation on the “uncanny” persistence and cultural freight of conspiracy theory. The project is a reading of conspiracy theory as an index of a certain strain of late-20th century American despondency/malaise, especially as experienced by people experiencing downward social mobility. Written by a cultural anthropologist with a literary background, this is a deeply interdisciplinary project that focuses on the enduring American preoccupation with captivity in a rapidly transforming world. Captivity is a trope that appears in both ordinary and fantastic iterations here, and this book shows how multiple troubled histories—of race, class, gender and power—become compressed into stories of uncanny memory.

'You Never Truly Feel at Home': Students' Perceptions of their Multilingualism and its Role in their Identity Construction : - A Study Performed in a Suburb Located in a Socially Vulnerable Area

A relevant subject in our globalized world concerns the relationship between language and identity, specifically amongst migrant youngsters’ experience of group belonging. This study therefore focused on how adolescents born to foreign parents in Sweden, perceived their multilingualism as part of their identity formation. I also aimed to include how socio-economic aspects could affect the process of identity construction. Thus, the investigation was performed with seventh grade students at a primary school located in the Stockholm suburb Bredäng. The methods consisted of a questionnaire, which was completed by the entire class and a group interview where six students participated. The results revealed that students adapted their language use based on the context, but Swedish was used most habitually. The informants viewed their multilingualism as beneficial but yet fully aware of the linguistic ideologies functioning in society. By combining their minority and majority language, the students were left with different ethnic identities and had diverse interpretations of what it meant to be Swedish. Even though all of them perceived themselves to have multiple ethnic identities, this was not solely seen positively. The issue of belonging was raised and the students claimed to be outcasts everywhere. However, the results differed depending on whether the students were born in Sweden or not. Also, most of them struggled with the process of assumed and ascribed identities, since they perceived themselves to be Swedish but experienced that society valued them as immigrants. Lastly, the study revealed that there were connections between their multilingualism and social mobility as the relationship towards the motherland was highly prioritized even with low levels of economic capital. 

Whose socioeconomic status influences a woman's obesity risk: her mother's, her father's, or her own?

Background Evidence on the relative influence of childhood vs adulthood socioeconomic conditions on obesity risk is limited and equivocal. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of several indicators of mothers', fathers', and own socioeconomic status, and intergenerational social mobility, with body mass index (BMI) and weight change in young women. Methods This population-based cohort study used survey data provided by 8756 women in the young cohort (aged 18-23 years at baseline) of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. In 1996 and 2000, women completed mailed surveys in which they reported their height and weight, and their own, mother's, and father's education and occupation. Results Multiple linear regression models showed that both childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status were associated with women's BMI and weight change, generally in the hypothesized (inverse) direction, but the associations varied according to socioeconomic status and weight indicator. Social mobility was associated with BMI (based on father's socioeconomic status) and weight change (based on mother's socioeconomic status), but results were slightly less consistent. Conclusions Results suggest lasting effects of childhood socioeconomic status on young women's weight status, independent of adult socioeconomic status, although the effect may be attenuated among those who are upwardly socially mobile. While the mechanisms underlying these associations require further investigation, public health strategies aimed at preventing obesity may need to target families of low socioeconomic status early in children's lives.

PRÁTICAS RELIGIOSAS, CORPO E ESTILOS DE VIDA: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE EVANGÉLICOS NO BAIRRO RUDGE RAMOS EM SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO

A presente pesquisa analisa o corpo como parte de um processo de construção social e busca compreender as implicações da relação entre essa construção social do corpo e práticas religiosas evangélicas. Elege as Igrejas Congregação Cristã, Presbiteriana e Renascer em Cristo no bairro de Rudge Ramos, em São Bernardo do Campo, como objeto de investigação dessa questão. Essa relação está envolta em intenções e manifestações corporais que implicam práticas religiosas e os estilos de vida das pessoas que freqüentam as referidas denominações no bairro em questão. O estudo desenvolve um mapeamento das técnicas corporais que significam a maneira como as pessoas se valem dos seus corpos. Na apreciação dos aspectos sociais, culturais e econômicos relacionados ao bairro em questão e às igrejas nele inseridas, procuramos compreender a maneira como essas três tradições evangélicas desenvolvem técnicas corporais diferenciadas. Também, se as pessoas que freqüentam essas igrejas sofrem alguma influência do modelo de corporeidade da sociedade atual que tem como pretensão a busca pela ascensão social e por condições de consumo vinculadas ao corpo.(AU)

West Midlands English:Birmingham and the Black Country

This volume focuses on the closely allied yet differing linguistic varieties of Birmingham and its immediate neighbour to the west, the industrial heartland of the Black Country. Both of these areas rose to economic prominence and success during the Industrial Revolution, and both have suffered economically and socially as a result of post-war industrial decline. The industrial heritage of both areas has meant that tight knit and socially homogeneous individual areas in each region have demonstrated in many respects little linguistic change over time, and have continued to exhibit linguistic features, especially morphological constructions, peculiar to these areas or now restricted to these areas. At the same time, immigration from other areas of the British Isles over time, from Commonwealth countries and later from EU member states, together with increased social mobility, have meant that newly developing structures and more widespread UK linguistic phenomena have spread into these varieties. This volume provides a clear description of the structure of the linguistic varieties spoken in the two areas. Following the structure of the Dialects of English volumes, it provides: •A comprehensive overview of the phonological, grammatical and lexical structure of both varieties, as well as similarities between the two varieties and distinguishing features •Thorough discussion of the historical and social factors behind the development of the varieties and the stigma attached to these varieties •Discussion of the unusual situation of the Black Country as an area undefined in geographical and administrative terms, existing only in the imagination •Examples of the variety from native speakers of differing ethnicities, ages and genders •An annotated bibliography for further consultation