Why are haemodialysis nurses satisfied also experiencing burnout?

Background Haemodialysis nurses work in a technological environment caring for patients over a prolonged period of time leading to the development of unique nurse-patient relationships. In order to improve retention of nurses in this specialised area of nursing it is important to know the factors that affect job satisfaction, stress and burnout and understand how these experiences are conceptualised by haemodialysis nurses. Aim To explore the factors contributing to satisfaction with the work environment, job satisfaction, job stress and burnout in haemodialysis nurses in Australia and New Zealand. Method A quantitative dominant sequential explanatory mixed method design was used. Quantitative data was collected using an on-line questionnaire containing demographic questions and pre-existing instruments examining job satisfaction, stress, burnout and satisfaction with the work environment. The qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews. Results 417 nurses completed the questionnaire. Overall, nurses were satisfied with their work environment and the job that they performed but there were stressors in the haemodialysis setting that led to high levels of burnout. Key themes emerged from the qualitative data related to the physical environment, intensity of nurse-patient relationships, workloads, and coping with death and dying. The qualitative findings also provide possible explanations for the high level of burnout identified in the quantitative findings. Conclusion Explanation of areas where specific nurse and patient outcomes were affected will support the development of appropriate interventions to sustain a work environment conducive to job satisfaction that also alleviates stress and burnout in these nurses.

What are the contributors to job satisfaction, stress and burnout for haemodialysis nurses?

Aim To review recent studies which identify the factors that contribute to stress, burnout and job satisfaction for nurses who are working in haemodialysis units. Background Regardless of where nurses work, stress, job burnout and dissatisfaction are known to cause high rates of nurse resignations and for many of those to leave the profession entirely. Understanding factors that contribute to job satisfaction, stress and burnout could increase haemodialysis nurse retention and improve health outcomes for people receiving haemodialysis. Evaluation Studies of job stress, burnout and satisfaction for nurses working in haemodialysis units published in English from January 2000 to December 2009 were identified. Specific inclusion criteria were developed resulting in eleven articles selected for this review. Key issues Specifically for haemodialysis nurses’ job stress and burnout was found to originate from two factors related to either patient care or organisations. Patient care factors included unrealistic patient expectations, progressive decline of a patient’s health, and violence and verbal abuse from patients. Organisational factors included shortage of time to complete tasks, lack of resources and unsupportive work environments. Increased job satisfaction for haemodialysis nurses was due to having job security, freedom to use one’s judgement and the quality of nurse/physician interactions. Conclusion Job stress and burnout are problematic for haemodialysis nurses. Instituting strategies which prevent and/or ameliorate stress or burnout could result in improved job satisfaction and also the retention of highly skilled haemodialysis nurses.

Job satisfaction, stress and burnout in haemodialysis nurses

Haemodialysis nurses provide health care for people with end stage kidney disease leading to a unique, intense and complex interaction between nurses and patients. This study involved the development of a model which explains the relationships between the work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout of haemodialysis nurses in Australia and New Zealand. Results from this study identified that haemodialysis nurses, while being satisfied by their jobs, were also experiencing high levels of burnout. This study's novel contribution could lead to improving the retention of the nursing workforce which is crucial due to the growing global burden of chronic disease.

Burnout and work engagement in occupational therapists

Introduction Work engagement, characterized by vigour, dedication, and absorption, is often perceived as the opposite of burnout. Occupational therapists with burnout feel exhausted and disengaged from their work. This study aims to investigate demographic and work-related psychosocial factors associated with burnout and work engagement. Method A cross-sectional postal survey of 951 occupational therapists was conducted. Findings Two models representing factors associated with burnout (F(15,871) = 28.01, p < .001) and work engagement (F(10,852) = 16.15, p < .001) accounted for 32.54% and 15.93% of the variance respectively. Burnout and work engagement were inversely associated (χ2(n = 941) = 55.16, p < .001). Conclusion Factors associated with burnout and work engagement were identified. The variables associated with burnout included: low psychological detachment from work during out-of-work hours, low income satisfaction, perceived work overload, difficulty saying ‘no’, < 10 years' experience, low frequency of having a ‘belly laugh’, and not having children. High levels of work engagement were reported by therapists with the following: low psychological detachment from work, high income satisfaction, postgraduate qualifications, > 40 hours work/week, high frequency of having a ‘belly laugh’, and having children. Understanding the factors associated with burnout and work engagement provides prerequisite information to inform strategies aimed at building healthy workforces.

Cognitive Functioning in Young Adults with Depression, Anxiety Disorders, or Burnout Symptoms : Findings from a Population-based Sample

Background. Evidence of cognitive dysfunction in depressive and anxiety disorders is growing. However, the neuropsychological profile of young adults has received only little systematic investigation, although depressive and anxiety disorders are major public health problems for this age group. Available studies have typically failed to account for psychiatric comorbidity, and samples derived from population-based settings have also seldom been investigated. Burnout-related cognitive functioning has previously been investigated in only few studies, again all using clinical samples and wide age groups. Aims. Based on the information gained by conducting a comprehensive review, studies on cognitive impairment in depressive and anxiety disorders among young adults are rare. The present study examined cognitive functioning in young adults with a history of unipolar depressive or anxiety disorders in comparison to healthy peers, and associations of current burnout symptoms with cognitive functioning, in a population-based setting. The aim was also to determine whether cognitive deficits vary as a function of different disorder characteristics, such as severity, psychiatric comorbidity, age at onset, or the treatments received. Methods. Verbal and visual short-term memory, verbal long-term memory and learning, attention, psychomotor processing speed, verbal intelligence, and executive functioning were measured in a population-based sample of 21-35 year olds. Performance was compared firstly between participants with pure non-psychotic depression (n=68) and healthy peers (n=70), secondly between pure (n=69) and comorbid depression (n=57), and thirdly between participants with anxiety disorders (n=76) and healthy peers (n=71). The diagnostic procedure was based on the SCID interview. Fourthly, the associations of current burnout symptoms, measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey, and neuropsychological test performance were investigated among working young adults (n=225). Results. Young adults with depressive or anxiety disorders, with or without psychiatric comorbidity, were not found to have major cognitive impairments when compared to healthy peers. Only mildly compromised verbal learning was found among depressed participants. Pure and comorbid depression groups did not differ in cognitive functioning, either. Among depressed participants, those who had received treatment showed more impaired verbal memory and executive functioning, and earlier onset corresponded with more impaired executive functioning. In anxiety disorders, psychotropic medication and low psychosocial functioning were associated with deficits in executive functioning, psychomotor processing speed, and visual short-term memory. Current burnout symptoms were associated with better performance in verbal working memory and verbal intelligence. However, lower examiner-rated social and occupational functioning was associated with problems in verbal attention, memory, and learning. Conclusions. Depression, anxiety disorders, or burnout symptoms may not be associated with major cognitive deficits among young adults derived from the general population. Even psychiatric comorbidity may not aggravate cognitive functioning in depressive or anxiety disorders among these young adults. However, treatment-seeking in depression was found to be associated with cognitive deficits, suggesting that these deficits relate to increased distress. Additionally, early-onset depression, found to be associated with executive dysfunction, may represent a more severe form of the disorder. In anxiety disorders, those with low symptom-related psychosocial functioning may have cognitive impairment. An association with self-reported burnout symptoms and cognitive deficits was not detected, but individuals with low social and occupational functioning may have impaired cognition.

Occupational burnout and health

Occupational burnout and heath Occupational burnout is assumed to be a negative consequence of chronic work stress. In this study, it was explored in the framework of occupational health psychology, which focusses on psychologically mediated processes between work and health. The objectives were to examine the overlap between burnout and ill health in relation to mental disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, which are the three commonest disease groups causing work disability in Finland; to study whether burnout can be distinguished from ill health by its relation to work characteristics and work disability; and to determine the socio-demographic correlates of burnout at the population level. A nationally representative sample of the Finnish working population aged 30 to 64 years (n = 3151-3424) from the multidisciplinary epidemiological Health 2000 Study was used. Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey. The diagnoses of common mental disorders were based on the standardized mental health interview (the Composite International Diagnostic Interview), and physical illnesses were determined in a comprehensive clinical health examination by a research physician. Medically certified sickness absences exceeding 9 work days during a 2-year period were extracted from a register of The Social Insurance Institution of Finland. Work stress was operationalized according to the job strain model. Gender, age, education, occupational status, and marital status were recorded as socio-demographic factors. Occupational burnout was related to an increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence among the men and women. Burnout was also related to musculoskeletal disorders among the women and cardiovascular diseases among the men independently of socio-demographic factors, physical strenuousness of work, health behaviour, and depressive symptoms. The odds of having at least one long, medically-certified sickness absence were higher for employees with burnout than for their colleagues without burnout. For severe burnout, this association was independent of co-occurring common mental disorders and physical illnesses for both genders, as was also the case for mild burnout among the women. In a subgroup of the men with absences, severe burnout was related to a greater number of absence days than among the women with absences. High job strain was associated with a higher occurrence of burnout and depressive disorders than low job strain was. Of these, the association between job strain and burnout was stronger, and it persisted after control for socio-demographic factors, health behaviour, physical illnesses, and various indicators of mental health. In contrast, job strain was not related to depressive disorders after burnout was accounted for. Among the working population over 30 years of age, burnout was positively associated with age. There was also a tendency towards higher levels of burnout among the women with low educational attainment and occupational status and among the unmarried men. In conclusion, a considerable overlap was found between burnout, mental disorders, and physical illnesses. Still, burnout did not seem to be totally redundant with respect to ill health. Burnout may be more strongly related to stressful work characteristics than depressive disorders are. In addition, burnout seems to be an independent risk factor for work disability, and it could possibly be used as a marker of health-impairing work stress. However, burnout may represent a different kind of risk factor for men and women, and this possibility needs to be taken into account in the promotion of occupational health.

Process of burnout: structure, antecedents, and consequences

The major changes that have been witnessed in today's workplaces are challenging the mental well-being of employed people. Stress and burnout are considered to be modern epidemics, and their importance to physical health and work ability has been acknowledged world-wide. The aim of the thesis was to study the concept of burnout as a process proceeding from its antecedents, through the development of the syndrome, and to its outcomes. Several work-related factors considered antecedents of burnout were studied in different occupational groups. The syndrome of burnout is seen as consisting of three dimensions - exhaustion, cynicism and lack of professional efficacy - and different alternatives for the sequential development of these dimensions were tested. Furthermore, several indicators of the severely detrimental health and work ability outcomes of burnout were investigated in a longitudinal study design. The research questions were as follows. 1) Is burnout, as measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS), a three-dimensional construct and how invariant is the factorial structure across occupations (Finnish) and national samples (Finnish, Swedish and Dutch)? How persistent is exhaustion over time? 2) What is the sequential process of burnout? Is it similar across occupations? How do work stressors relate to the process? 3) How does burnout relate to severe health consequences as well as temporary and chronic work disability according to hospitalization periods, sick-leave episodes and receiving disability pensions? The data were collected between 1986 and 2005. The population of the study consisted of respondents to a company-wide questionnaire survey carried out in 1996-1997 (N=9705, response rate 63%). The participants comprised 6025 blue-collar workers and 3680 white-collar workers. The majority were men (N=7494) and the average age was 43.7 years. In addition, a sample from the population had responded to a questionnaire survey in 1988, which was combined with the 1996 data to form panel data on 713 respondents. The register-based data were collected between 1986 and 2005 from 1) the company's occupational health services' records for a sample of respondents from the 1996 questionnaire survey (sick-leave data), 2) hospitalization records from the Hospital discharge register, and 3) disability pension records from the Finnish Centre for Pensions. These data were combined person by person with the 1996 questionnaire survey data with the help of personal identification numbers which were saved with the study numbers by the researchers. The results showed that burnout consists of three separate but correlating symptoms: exhaustion, cynicism and lack of professional efficacy. As a syndrome, burnout was strongly related to job stressors at work, and seemed to develop from exhaustion through cynicism to lack of professional efficacy in a similar manner among white-collar and blue-collar employees. The results also showed that exhaustion persisted even after eight years of follow-up but did not predict cynicism or lack of professional efficacy after that amount of time. Nor were job stressors longitudinally related to burnout. Longitudinal results were obtained for the severe health-related consequences of burnout. The investigated outcomes represented different phases of health deterioration ranging from sick-leaves and hospitalization periods to receiving work disability pensions. The results showed that burnout syndrome, and its elements of exhaustion and cynicism, were related to future mental and cardiovascular disorders as indicated by hospitalization periods. Burnout was also related to future sick-leave periods due to mental, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. Of the separate elements, exhaustion was related to the same three categories of disorder, cynicism to mental, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders, and lack of professional efficacy to mental and musculoskeletal disorders. Burnout also predicted receiving disability pensions due to mental and musculoskeletal disorders among initially healthy subjects. Exhaustion was related to receiving disability pensions even when self-reported chronic illness was taken into account. The results suggest that burnout is a multidimensional, chronic, work-related syndrome, which may have serious consequences for health and work ability.

Evaluación del efecto de tres diferentes programas de iluminación sobre parámetros productivos y síndrome de muerte súbita en pollos broilers de la raza hubbard

El presente trabajo fue realizado en la granja avícola "La Trinidad", propiedad de la Empresa perteneciente a la TIP - TOP Industrial S.A. ubicado en el Km. 26 Carretera a Masaya, entrada principal a Nindirí 5 Km al Norte de la comunidad San Francisco, el experimento se realizó entre el 28 de Febrero y 10 de Abril de 1996, se utilizaro n 85.680 pollos de engorde (machos y hembras), de un día de nacido incluyéndose para dichos experimentos cuatro tratamientos con dos repeticiones cada uno, T1 en el cual se aplicó un programa de 23 hrs/luz durante el intervalo de edad de los 12 a los 42 días, T2 a partir de los 15 días a 42 días con un suministro de 23 H/Luz; T3 a partir de 18dlas a 42 días con 23 h/Luz (Tratamiento testigo), T4 entre los 21 días a los 42 días con 23 h/Luz. Las variables estudiadas para el experimento fueron las siguientes: Consumo de Alimento, Peso Vivo, Conversión de Alimento, Ganancia Media Diaria y Mortalidad.

Evaluación de la mortalidad del síndrome de la muerte súbita en condiciones comerciales de la linea genética arbor acres vs. hubbard

La actividad avícola ha alcanzado un gran desarrollo en estos últimos años, pero como toda actividad está sujeta a riesgos o factores que inciden en su labor, en este caso nos referimos al síndrome de muerte súbita (SMS) que desde su aparición se han realizados diversos estudios para encontrar los factores que influyen en la presentación de este síndrome por tal razón en este estudio se evalúa la incidencia del síndrome de muerte súbita en condiciones comerciales en dos líneas como son: Arbor Acres y Hubbard . Con el objetivo de determinar la línea más susceptible en presentar este síndrome como también evaluar las pérdidas económicas que causo este factor en la granja donde se realizó el experimento, tomando en cuenta los parámetros productivos de ambas líneas para lo cual se utilizaron tres galeras de pollos de engorde con una cantidad de 14406,14406 y14295 respectivamente , evaluando las siguientes galeras galera 3, galera 4, y galera 6 equivalente a la suma de 43107 pollos de un día de nacido de la línea arbor acres la galera 3 y 4 representando el tratamiento 1 y de la línea Hubbard la galera 6 representando el tratamiento 2 ,ambos tratamientos con el mismo manejo implementado en les granjas de la empresa TIPTOP . Planteando como variable las siguientes: mortalidad, peso vivo, consumo, conversión alimenticia y ganancia media diaria. Dichos valores obtenidos fueron analizados a través de un diseño estadístico de bloques completos al azar, en el caso de la variable que resultara con significancia estadística se sometió a una prueba de rangos múltiples tukey para encontrar la mejor línea para la actividad de engorde. En el cual el análisis estadístico arrojó los siguientes resultados: Para la variable la mortalidad no se encontró diferencia significativa (p<0.05) entre ambos tratamientos. Al igual que la variable consumo, conversión alimenticia y ganancia media diaria no mostró diferencia significativa (p<0.05) en tanto la variable peso mostró diferencia significativa (p> 0.05) entre ambas líneas , la que fue sometida a la prueba de rango múltiples Tukey en donde se obtuvo que la línea hubbard está más predispuesta a obtener un peso mayor que la línea Arbor Acres. En cuanto a las pérdidas por síndrome de muerte súbita se refiere que la raza hubbard presentó mayor mortalidad por síndrome por muerte súbita , que la raza Arbor Acres, por lo cual la línea hubbard presenta mayores pérdidas económicas aunque cabe mencionar que la línea hubbard presentó una menor mortalidad en general que la línea Arbor Acres y también esta línea ( hubbard) obtuvo un mayor peso vivo que la línea Arbor Acres , indicando que es más viable económicamente explotar esta línea ya que muestra una diferencia de 3.8% entre ambos tratamiento, teniendo un mayor ingreso , el tratamiento 2 (hubbard ). En grandes cantidades este porcentaje es realmente significativo. Como conclusión del presente estudio podemos afirmar lo siguiente la línea más susceptible en presentar el síndrome por muerte súbita es la línea hubbard aunque estadísticamente no muestre diferencia significativa (p< 0.05). Entre los parámetros productivo (variables) como , mortalidad , consumo, conversión alimenticia y ganancia media diaria no existe diferencia estadística , por lo cual ambas líneas poseen similares índice productivo. , Mientras la variable peso muestra diferencia de donde deducimos que la raza hubbard posee un peso mayor que la línea Arbor Acres. En tanto las pérdidas económicas son mayores en el tratamiento 2 (hubbard) y obteniendo en este un mayor rendimiento en producción y en rentabilidad.

Disminución del síndrome de muerte súbita en pollos de engorde a través de diferentes niveles de afrecho de trigo incluido en el alimento iniciador

El trabajo investigativo nace como una necesidad de encontrar bajo las condiciones tanto ambientales como de manejo , alternativas alimenticias que nos lleven a reducir el Síndrome de muerte súbita (SMS) que ocasiona grandes pérdidas económicas en explotaciones tanto lllfesanales (pequeftos productores) y las grandes industrias avícolas. La investigación se realizó en la granja avícola LA TRINIDAD propiedad de la empresa Tip­ Top, S.A Ubicada en Níndiri municipio de Masaya, para el experimento se emplearon 700 pollos de engorde de la raza Piterson hubbard, de día de nacido, que se distribuyeron en una galera experimental, en grupos de 175 pollos los cuales se subdividieron en 5 sub grupo de 35 pollos cada uno para estudiante el efecto de una restricción cualitativa del alimento iniciador en un periodo de 6 días partiendo del 5 a 11 día de edad en los siguientes tratamientos: TI 25 % de afrecho de trigo incluido en el concentrado iniciador, T2 15 %de afrecho de trigo incluido en el concentrado iniciador, T3 O % de afrecho de trigo incluido en el concentrado iniciador, T4 20 % de afrecho de trigo inclusión en el concentrado iniciador. Para disminuir la incidencia del SMS. Las variables estudiadas y evaluadas fueron las siguientes: Consumo de alimento, Peso vivo, Conversión alimenticia, Mortalidad vs. Viabilidad y Rendimiento en canal. Los datos que se registraron fueron evaluados a través de análisis estadístico Bifactorial y las medias a través de la prueba de rango múltiples de Tukey exceptuando la mortalidad y rendimiento en canal. Con el análisis estadístico no se encon traron diferencias significativas en todos los tratamiento evaluados (P>0.05) La tasa de mortalidad de los diferentes tratamientos fue analizada a través de una prueba de hipótesis para diferencias entre las proporciones de dos poblaciones no encontrando diferencias estadísticas entre las tasas de mortalidad, para los altos tratamientos evaluados en las diferentes semanas (P>0.05). El análisis económico fue evaluado auxiliándose de los presupuestos parciales para estudiar el beneficio entre los diferentes tratamientos, así también de presupuestos tipo empresa, con los cuales llegamos a la conclusión que el Tratamiento dos tuvo el mejor comportamiento.

Restricción de horas luz para reducir el síndrome de muerte súbita en pollos de engorde en condiciones comerciales

Con el objetivo de determinar el programa de iluminación más adecuado que permita maximizar los rendimientos productivos y reducir el síndrome de muerte súbita en pollos de engorde, se realizó un experimento en condiciones comerciales, para lo cual se utilizaron ocho galeras con una cantidad de 10,180 pollos de un día de nacidos cada una y distribuidos al azar en cuatro tratamientos: T1 programa de luz natural, T2 programa de 16 horas de luz y 8 horas de oscuridad, T3 programa de 20 horas de luz y 4 horas de oscuridad, T4 programa convencional de 23 horas de luz y 1 hora de oscuridad todo esto hasta el día 21 de edad. Posteriormente a todos se les aplico el programa normal que consistió en 23 hrs. de luz y una de oscuridad. Las variables estudiadas fueron el consumo de alimento, peso vivo, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia y mortalidad. Los resultados obtenidos para cada una de estas variables fueron analizados a través de un diseño completamente al azar y se sometieron a la prueba de Tukey. De acuerdo al análisis realizado, no se encontraron diferencias (P > 0.05) entre tratamientos para las variables estudiadas. Las tasas de mortalidad, en los diferentes tratamientos, se analizaron a través de una prueba de hipótesis para diferenciar entre las proporciones de dos poblaciones, encontrándose diferencia significativas (P >0.05) entre las tasas de mortalidad para los cuatro tratamientos en las diferentes semanas. En lo que respecta al análisis económico se basó en la comparación de los costos de la energía eléctrica que consume una unidad básica de producción (una galera) con respecto a los cuatro tratamientos evaluados obteniéndose el mayor beneficio monetario en el T1 (luz natural) en el cual la empresa se ahorraría anualmente un total de $ 9, 284.704.

Autoeficacia académica, burnout académico y desgranamiento universitario

Resumen: El presente estudio evalúa si existen diferencias significativas en la autoeficacia académica y el burnout académico entre los alumnos que han pasado por desgranamiento universitario y aquellos que no han pasado por este fenómeno. La muestra estuvo constituida por 286 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos de la ciudad de Paraná, Entre Ríos. La recolección de los datos se hizo mediante la Escala Unidimensional de Burnout Estudiantil, el Cuestionario de Autoeficacia Académica (construido a los fines de esta investigación) y un cuestionario para medir el desgranamiento universitario. Los resultados indican que el burnout académico y la autoeficacia académica no influyen en el desgranamiento universitario, lo cual podría estar mediado por otras variables que no se académico y la autoeficacia académica no influyen en el desgranamiento universitario, lo cual podría estar mediado por otras variables que no se tuvieron en cuenta en el estudio.

Homenagem ao Dia Internacional da Síndrome de Down

Sessão Solene realizada no Plenário da Câmara dos Deputados, por iniciativa da Comissão de Legislação Participativa, em homenagem ao Dia Internacional da Síndrome de Down, comemorado no dia 21 de março, e que em 2010 teve como lema "Inclusão para Autonomia".

Recopilación de artículos sobre la geografía vasca, y nota del "Diario de Navarra" sobre las investigaciones del profesor Angel Viñas sobre la Guerra Civil.

Fecha: 11-8-1972/9-5-1982 / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 48 - Expediente 7-18 / Nº de pág.: 7 (mecanografiadas)