O perdão como componente moral em crianças do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental

Forgiveness may be considered a moral component to be developed along with the development of moral autonomy of individuals. This study aims to verify how 10 (ten) children from the first year of elementary school conceive the pardon and its possible relationship with their moral autonomy development. As theoretical research we have taken Piaget´s studies on human´s morality (1930; 1932) and Rique (2007, 2008, 2011) and Enright (1991, 1998) studies about forgiveness. This study was based on a qualitative research and the adopted method was the Piaget's Experimental Clinical Method. The results have shown that children perform moral reasoning when facing situations which involve the decision of forgiving someone and tend to comprehend forgiveness as forgiving someone for some performed act. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of the teacher’s mediation and intervention in moral discussions involving forgiveness, for the construction of the learners ´moral autonomy.

Osman Lins: ruptura e inovação em avalovara

In this article we analyze how the character of the story-teller is build up as a fictional creation in the novel Avalovara (1973) by Osman Lins (1924-1978).We associated the building process of the narrator-character to the poetic wich brings a fragmentary feature to the writer’s language, and reflects a search for some coherency in a given chaotic environment, wherein space itself becomes the role of a dialogue between identity and representation of the real in the construction of the narrative analyzed here.

Notas sobre os historiadores e suas fontes

The aim of this text is to discuss the different meanings attributed to notions of historical sources and documents from the nineteenth century, when history was constituted as a discipline. It is important to point out the centrality of this issue to the different conceptions about the production of knowledge in this field.

Contribuições da epistemologia genética para a construção do conhecimento na educação infantil

The kindergarten has as main objective the development of the child from zero to five years in their physical, emotional, cognitive and social domains. This is also the goal of the Centers for Children Living from the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) that caters to children of teachers, technical and administrative staff and students. In this work we report some of the action of the Technical Commission of the CCIs with reflections on the construction of children's knowledge through observations of the CCIs in different campuses of Unesp, conducted through technical visits. As a theoretical contribution we adopt the Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget. Partial results show that, although there are efforts to understand and assist the process of constructing knowledge of children, many challenges remain to be overcome in the realization of an excellent service to children.

Gestão de resíduos sólidos no município de Tibagi - PR: desempenho da coleta seletiva

The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of solid waste management in the municipality of Tibagi, Paraná, a city with approximately 20000 inhabitants, which implemented the selective collection program called Recycle Tibagi. The analysis was based on descriptive statistical techniques, considering the three types of waste (tailings, organic and recyclable), and per capita generation of garbage upward trend in the coming years, based on the method of Winter (Triple Exponential Damping), using data recorded by the Department of the Environment and the Association of Recyclable Materials from Tibagi - ACAMARTI. Efficient selective collection from a structured environmental education program with constant training conducted with the scavengers, possible to obtain important data in sorting and marketing of recyclable materials, saving raw materials, water and energy, as well as relevant indicators social inclusion and employment generation and income. The project involves several areas of municipal management and arouses curiosity and interest in several areas: social, financial, environmental and administrative. It's a way to encourage new projects and public bodies, highlighting the importance of recycling and proper disposal of solid waste.

Camões revisitado: sobre que farei com este livro? de José Saramago

The objective of this work is to analyze the literary construction of Camões in the work Que farei com este livro?, by José Saramago. By difficulty in publishing his magnum opus, Os Lusíadas, Camões traverses the various Portuguese authorities in order to be able to give concreteness to his work years in exile. Using historical aspects and gaps on the biography of Camões, Saramago creates a work that shows the inertia that reigned in Portugal after the great conquests. Work of counterpoint between past and present, Que farei com este livro? represents an important reflection on the role of the writer and their challenges in times of decadence.

Indisciplina no ensino técnico: representações sociais de professores

The present study is a result of a Master’s degree’s research in Psychology, which has been developed with the objective of identifying the social representations of teachers about indiscipline in the classroom. We adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach and also the theory of Social Representations. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews. There were three high school teachers, three technical teachers and three teachers from both types of education, resulting in nine teachers from a technical school in São Paulo countryside. We defined three themes to process data through a content analysis, which are: indiscipline causes, alternatives to deal with this issue and conception of indiscipline. This division into themes allowed us to identify categories and we were able to measure frequency and percentage of answers. So far, we analyzed data of interviews corresponding to technical teachers. We noted that most of the answers related to the indiscipline were due to individual and family factors of students. Regarding the alternatives to deal with indiscipline, the answers were mostly related to the relationship of teachers and students. In general, we can say these pre-results show us a difference between the indiscipline causes and the alternatives to deal with them: teachers tend to blame the students themselves and their family problems, but they also say the alternatives are centered on the interaction teacherstudent.

Gestão democrática na escola: as impressões dos participantes do programa progestão

This paper is a sampling of an extensive research which analyzed and assessed the Distance Learning Program for Qualification of School Managers (Progestão) carried out in three schools, which preserved the same management team during the program. Progestão provided continuing and inservice development for public school managers by means of distance and presential types of learning. This paper deals with the concept of democratic management understood by the proponents of Progestão, the training team (trainers and multipliers), and the managers assisting the course (principals, vice principals, and pedagogical supervisors). Three issues that check the understanding of the democratic management concept were analyzed, as well as how those participants implement it in schools. The research is based on the qualitative approach, which has an evaluating character. It discusses the profile assigned to school management since the amendment of the State and the passing of the Law of Policies and Principles of Education (LDB)/96, besides pointing out the difficulties to support democratic management dissociated from other school practices.

Equívocos na leitura da teoria de Jean Piaget

Dans cet article, nous présentons l'analyse des erreurs commises par rapport à l'épistémologie génétique et la psychologie de Jean Piaget. Nous nous appuyons sur un essai publié dans un périodique brésilien concernant la constitution du sujet d’enfance et la théorie de Piaget. Nous avons comme but d’aider à reprendre la «vraie» théorie de Piaget et de donner un aperçu aux lecteurs à fin de ne pas reproduire de telles erreurs ou être confrontés à de différents sens donnés à la même théorie. En ce qui concerne l'analyse, les auteurs du rapport disent que l'homme est le résultat de différents stades de développement et de ses phases. Cependant, en cherchant à expliquer comment les structures logiques deviennent nécessaires, Piaget a affirmé de ne pas rien avoir inventé. Il a conclu que la constitution des structures opératoires est le résultat de l'interaction du sujet avec le milieu, à condition qu'il dispose de certaines conditions prealables et qu’il soit capable d' établir ses rapports De cette manière, s'il a identifié des moments de la psychogenèse cognitive, il l’a fait grace à la constatation de que les sujets, dans cette interaction avec le milieu, finissaient par construire des manières qualitativement différentes de comprendre et gérer la réalité. Ainsi, Piaget n'a pas cherché de mettre les individus dans des phases ou périodes, artificiellement. Une autre erreur est celui de considérer que Piaget soit adepte de la dicotomie normalité/ anormalité. Ses préoccupations sont de nature épistémologique, et s'il est parvenu à formuler une psychologie, cela avait comme but de donner une base scientifique à sa théorie de la connaissance. Encore une autre confusion a lieu quand on affirme que Piaget a identifié les enfants aux peuples primitifs. Il a seulement dit que la nécessité d’entrer en relation avec le milieu est égale pour l'homme primitif comme pour celui d'aujourd'hui; par conséquent, le fonctionnement est le seul élément biologique considéré par Piaget, vu que tous les êtres vivants cherchent à s’adapter à la réalité. D’après cet angle, on constate que, de la même manière que l’homme primitif a été un enfant - comme ceux d’aujourd'hui - il a cherché à interagir avec le milieu à fin d'assurer sa survie. Il arrive que ses demandes étaient élémentaires du point de vue logico-mathématique, contrairement à nos jours. Une autre erreur consiste à dire qu'il a soupçonné ou admis que les processus de pensée reconnaissaient une organisation logique. Il ne s’agit pas de soupçon ni d'admission, mais d´une nécéssité. Faute de cette fondation, tout le bâtiment piagétien s’effondrerait. Nous concluons que le concept de progrès et l'état de l'intelligence sous-entendent la critique des auteurs. Malgré cela, et même pas sans admettre les explications formulées par Piaget, c’est le fait de que les censeurs doivent faire face à une vérité: indépendamment de la culture ou du moment historique, les enfants agissent toujours de la même manière, en cherchant à donner un sens à la réalité. Nous pouvons donc être d’accord ou en désaccord avec l'explication de Piaget. Cependant, il y a quelque chose qui ne doit pas être ignorée: la contribution apportée par Piaget vers la compréhension de la logique du fonctionnement mental.

Condições de saúde bucal de crianças e adolescentes portadores de síndrome de Down

Patients with Down syndrome have shown different conditions of oral health, and there is a low occurrence of dental caries and a higher susceptibility to periodontal diseases. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases in subjects with Down syndrome. The population was composed of 40 patients with the syndrome, aged 6 to 18 years, of both genders, and an equal number of non-syndromic patients. The periodontal conditions were evaluated by mean of the criteria of PSR and dental conditions were registered following indexes dmft and DMFT. It was found that in children with Down syndrome, the dmft index was 1.17 and DMFT 3.53 while the control group was verified dmft 1.97 and DMFT 2.77. The results of PSR evidenced that 32.5% of children with Down syndrome were periodontally healthy, 65% were gingivitis patients and 2.5% were periodontitis patients, while in the control group, 50% healthy and 50% were gingivitis patients. The results evidenced similar populations of cariogenic cocci between patients with Down syndrome and non-syndromic subjects. It was concluded that the incidence of caries in children with Down syndrome was higher in permanent teeth compared with the control group, while in the occurrence of deciduous teeth caries was slightly higher in the control group, so when children with Down syndrome are subjected to periodic examinations, they present themselves periodontally healthy.

Semiologia farmacêutica e os desafios para sua consolidação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A contribuição da história para educação ambiental em comunidades

The relationship between human beings and between them and nature are the result of a historical and social context in which they are inserted. The man is a natural living being who can only survive by the exchange with nature’s metabolism, but over time and human’s decisions this relation was interrupted, which strengthened by capitalism logic resulted as a civilization crisis. With these concerns, it’s necessary to overcome the context in which the crisis was generated, transforming the relationship between men and nature. This study, based on Critical Environmental Education and qualitative research methodology, occurred on a seashore community on Guarujá, investigated the the involvement of its population on social activities already developed on Prainha Branca: how they exercise their community citizenship, which factors limit these processes, and how responsible the residents feel about their own reality, in order to elucidate the aspects that involve that dynamics and population’s potential to build their own history.

Material didático para alunos surdos: a literatura infantil em Libras

The storytelling is central to the early literacy of children, part of the objectives for the entire kindergarten. The story circle or storytelling is important and helpful in cognitive and emotional development of children, including the ones with disabilities. Seeking communicational accessibility, the aim of this work is to make the book "O Penuginha" by Luiz Vitor Martinello available in LIBRAS (Brazilian Sign Language). To facilitate the achievement of this objective, it was considered appropriate to develop a descriptive study following the methodology of qualitative research, to search for literature on how learning takes place in the Portuguese language by deaf students. This study resulted in a DVD with video recordings, the translation of the book "O Penuginha" in LIBRAS and the narration of the book in Portuguese. Therefore, this research is relevant because the paradigm of the twenty first century is the inclusion of all people in different scenarios and the school is one of the first places where the removal of barriers is essential.

Ensino de geometria espacial na licenciatura em matemática: uma proposta de trabalho com grupos colaborativos

Apresenta-se neste trabalho experiências obtidas através de 06 (seis) anos consecutivos de trabalho com a disciplina de Geometria Espacial em turmas de formação inicial de professores de matemática. A proposta de trabalho em grupos colaborativos se justifica pela necessidade atual de os professores em atividade utilizarem essa poderosa ferramenta como facilitadora da aprendizagem pessoal e dos estudantes sob sua orientação. Os alunos das várias turmas foram desafiados à tarefa de apresentarem, ao final da disciplina (semestre), um trabalho contendo: material escrito (capa, formatação, desenvolvimento do tema, cálculos, desenhos, resultados e referências), material concreto produzido com canudos e fitilho (sólidos construídos: acabamento, uniformização, montagem e medidas) e apresentação oral do grupo (arquivos de programas de apresentação). A metodologia proposta para a realização dessa tarefa em todas as turmas foi de grupos colaborativos, com em média 05 (cinco) alunos cada. Para a 1ª turma foi proposta a construção de “esqueletos” dos poliedros de Platão, com a maior aresta (canudinho) fixada. Cada grupo deveria observar uma propriedade dentre as seguintes: sólidos com a mesma área total; com o mesmo volume; com uma mesma esfera inscrita e com uma mesma esfera circunscrita. Todo material coletado dos grupos (escrito, construído ou digital/apresentação oral), está sendo devidamente catalogado, para então ser disponibilizado no Laboratório de Ensino de Matemática do referido curso. Os trabalhos propostos posteriormente foram gradativamente sendo mais desafiadores. O último trabalho proposto (2012) teve o seguinte tema: Poliedros Arquimedianos ou semirregulares.