SIG - SPRING aplicado na determinação da capacidade de uso das terras da microbacia do Ribeirão Pouso Alegre - Jaú (SP)

A população mundial vem sofrendo, cada vez mais, as conseqüências das agressões efetuadas pelo homem ao meio ambiente, principalmente quanto à ocupação e uso inadequado das terras, o que ocasiona empobrecimento e depauperamento do solo, influenciando na qualidade e disponibilidade de água, levando à destruição das reservas florestais. Assim, é necessária a implantação de políticas públicas, que contemplem o desenvolvimento econômico, urbano, rural e social de uma região, preservando os recursos naturais para futuras gerações. A bacia em estudo está localizada entre as coordenadas UTM 764942; 7546214 e 741816; 7534759, com uma área de 14699,7ha. Este trabalho visou definir as classes de capacidade de uso de terra da microbacia do Ribeirão Pouso Alegre - Jaú (SP) através do Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SPRING. A carta de capacidade de uso da terra foi elaborada a partir do cruzamento das cartas clinográfica e de solo, que foram elaboradas pelo SIG Spring, e o cruzamento de dados foi feito através do LEGAL - Linguagem Espacial para Geoprocessamento Algébrico. Os resultados mostraram que a microbacia é constituída essencialmente pelas classes II e III e o SIG-SPRING permitiu através dos seus módulos discriminarem e quantificar as áreas das classes de terras, declive e capacidade de uso da terra rapidamente.

A restauração ecológica em destaque: Um retrato dos últimos vinte e oito anos de publicações na área

The main aspects of restoration, in various ecosystems, are here discussed, by means of a bibliographic analysis of the last twenty-eight years. The main concepts, research themes and target ecosystems are also described.

Glyphosate como regulador de crescimento em arroz de terras altas

The lodging of some rice cultivars at harvest time can lead to significant losses in yield, and the inappropriate water and nitrogen management, under high-tech conditions, can aggravate the problem. The use of vegetal regulators is an alternative to reduce lodging, however, information on this topic are rare. The study aimed to evaluate the application of glyphosate sub doses (26 g ha -1, 52 g ha -1, 78 g ha -1, 104 g ha -1, 130 g ha -1, 156 g ha -1, and 182 g ha -1) on agronomical traits, development, and yield of upland rice crops irrigated by aspersion, during the floral differentiation period. The experiment was carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, through the agricultural years of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The increase of glyphosate sub doses, at the floral differentiation period of the Primavera cultivar, reduced the plants height, panicle size, and, consequently, yield. Sub doses higher than or equal to 78 g ha -1 eliminated the plants lodging process.

Dinámica del suelo y estoque de carbono después de diez años de la restauración de tierras degradadas usando especies arbóreas del bosque atlántico

Brazil's Atlantic Forest ecosystem has been greatly affected by land use changes, with only 11.26% of its original vegetation cover remaining. Currently, Atlantic Forest restoration is receiving increasing attention because of its potential for carbon sequestration and the important role of soil carbon in the global carbon balance. Soil organic matter is also essential for physical, chemical and biological components of soil fertility and forest sustainability. This study evaluated the potential for soil recovery in contrasting restoration models using indigenous Atlantic Forest tree species ten years after their establishment. The study site is located in Botucatu municipality, São Paulo State-Brazil, in a loamy dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol site (Typic Hapludult). Four treatments were compared: i) Control (Spontaneous Restoration); ii) Low Diversity (five fast-growing tree species established by direct seeding); iii) High Diversity (mixed plantings of 41 species established with seedlings) and; iv) Native Forest (well conserved neighboring forest fragment). The following soil properties were evaluated: (1) physical-texture, density and porosity; (2) chemical-C, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Al and pH; (3) biological-microbial biomass. Litter nutrient concentrations (P, S, K, Ca and Mg) and C and N litter stocks were determined. Within ten years the litter C and N stocks of the Low Diversity treatment area were higher than Control and similar to those in both the High Diversity treatment and the Native Forest. Soil C stocks increased through time for both models and in the Control plots, but remained highest in the Native Forest. The methods of restoration were shown to have different effects on soil dynamics, mainly on chemical properties. These results show that, at least in the short-term, changes in soil properties are more rapid in a less complex system like the Low Diversity model than in the a High Species Diversity model. For both mixed plantation systems, carbon soil cycling can be reestablished, resulting in increases in carbon stocks in both soil and litter.

Restauração florestal visando à conservação de recursos hídricos por meio da combinação linear ponderada

This study evaluated using of Multicriteria Evaluation in a GIS, specifically by Weighted Linear Combination Method for generation of map of priority areas for forest restoration in the initial part of River Pardo Basin, SP, in order to water resources conservation. Aiming to define criteria and restrictions it was used Participatory Techniques, and the following factors had been selected: proximity of the hydrographic network, proximity of forest cover, slope and erodibility of soil. To calculate the weight to each factor it was used the decision-making process, known as Analytic Hierarchy Analysis, this method consists of a paired comparison of factors to determine the relative importance of each. According to Weighted Linear Combination, the very high priority areas have a more limited spatial distribution, with an apparent concentration around the water bodies, outlining a buffer to the river system. The proximity factor of the hydrographic network, and enables the connection forestry, contributed, along with the factor of proximity to forest cover, so there would be the definition of most of the areas with the highest priority in the basin, which concentrate the largest areas of forest and native riparian areas along the hydrographic.

Análise de crescimento e produtividade de cultivares de arroz de terras altas dos tipos tradicional, intermediário e moderno

The growth analysis allows the characterization and understanding of the upland rice cultivars development. This study aimed at characterizing, by using the growth analysis, the physiological components and agronomic performance, as well as the differences among traditional, intermediate and modern upland rice cultivars. The experiment was conducted under upland rice conditions, favored by the use of supplementary irrigation. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three treatments consisting of traditional (Caiapó), modern (Maravilha) and intermediate (BRS Primavera) cultivars and eight replications. The leaf area index (LAI), instantaneous growth rate (IGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and specific leaf area (SLA), as well as grain yield and yield components, were evaluated. The intermediate and traditional cultivars presented the highest total dry matter accumulation rate, while the traditional and modern ones showed the highest LAI. The intermediate cultivar presented the highest IGR, RGR, NAR and SLA levels, as well as the highest grain yield, as a consequence of the higher spikelet fertility and 1,000 grain mass.

Caracterização de terras pretas arqueológicas no sul do Estado do Amazonas

The Archaeological Dark Earth (ADE) soils are characterized by its high fertility, dark color, and presence of pottery fragments. Regarding the formation of ADE, the most widely accepted hypothesis is that anthropogenic processes involving pre-Columbian populations made them. The purpose of this study is to characterize ADE units located in the Southern Amazon Region, in the cities of Apuí and Manicoré. Seven ADE sites were selected, trenches opened and the soil profiles characterized morphologically. Then, samples of each horizon were collected for analyses of the following physical and chemical properties: particle size, water-dispersible clay, flocculation, soil bulk density, particle density, total porosity, pH in water and KCl solutions, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Al3+, available P, H+Al, and organic C. Also, total oxides, free oxides and amorphous forms were analyzed. The texture of the anthropic A horizon ranged from sandy loam to clay loam. The pottery fragments and lithic material were found in similar quantities and at similar depths in the A horizons of the studied soil profiles, suggesting some similarity between the anthropogenic factors of formation. The anthropic horizons of profiles P3, P4, and P7 had a eutrophic character and high to very high levels of available phosphorus, compared to P1, P2, P5, and P6, indicating the heterogeneity of the ADEs.

Tolerância à deficiência hídrica de genótipos de arroz de terras altas

Water deficit is one of the environmental factors that cause a great reduction in the upland rice grain yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate genotypes of upland rice with broad genetic diversity for tolerance to this stress and to identify secondary traits for evaluation of this tolerance. Sixty-four genotypes were evaluated during two years at the Experiment Station of EMATER, in Porangatu, GO, under well-watered and water deficit conditions. The genotypes showed differences in grain yield and were influenced differently by the water treatments, both under a mild water deficit in the first year and under a severe one in the second year. The genotype grain yield under water deficiency was significantly and positively correlated with tiller fertility, number of panicles m-2, 100-grain weight, and plant height, and negatively with spikelet sterility and the number of days for the occurrence of 50% panicle emergence. It was also observed that the most productive genotypes under water deficit conditions showed lower leaf temperature, indicating improved water status. Nine genotypes were productive in both water conditions and three were productive only when well-watered.

Restauração automática de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica de grande porte com geração distribuída

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chuva de sementes em uma área em processo de restauração vegetal em Santa Cruz das Palmeiras (SP)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

Estudo comprarativo da biossorção dos metais terras-raras ('ND POT. +3', 'LA POT. +3', 'CE POT. +3') pela biomassa melanizada e pigmento, na forma livre e imobilizada, obtidos do fungo Aspergillus nidulans

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Comparação da biossorção de metais terras-raras pela biomassa melanizada do fungo Aspergillus nidulans nas formas livre e imobilizada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comparação dos parâmetros de biossorção dos elementos terras-raras lantânio e neodímio utilizando biomassas de fungos filamentosos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Metas de produção de alimentos, de exportaveis e de bio-energéticos e o seu impacto sobre a incorporação de terras a agricultura

Incluye Bibliografía

Matrizes semicondutoras GaAs e Sn'X IND. 2' dopado com terras-raras Ce ou Eu: investigação do transporte elétrico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)