999 resultados para Regressão quantílica para dados longitudinais


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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronegócios, 2016.

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Dissertação de Mestrado, Finanças Empresariais, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, 2016.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Fisioterapia

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Apesar das várias iniciativas desenvolvidas no sentido da promoção da amamentação, as taxas de aleitamento materno continuam abaixo das recomendadas, verificando-se um decréscimo acentuado após o regresso das mães ao trabalho (DGS, 2014). Este estudo procurou conhecer as medidas promotoras da amamentação que os enfermeiros dos cuidados de saúde primários, Especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediatria, desenvolvem no sentido de apoiarem as mães que trabalham a continuarem a amamentar e identificar as intervenções promotoras da amamentação desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros junto das mães, a nível da comunidade, na família, nos locais de trabalho, nas creches e nos seus próprios locais de trabalho. Desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo e transversal, seguindo uma metodologia qualitativa, junto de 13 enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediatria que trabalham em Centros de Saúde do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde do Baixo Mondego. Para a colheita de dados utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, cuja aplicação decorreu entre 2 de junho e 6 de julho de 2015. No tratamento da informação recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Os resultados evidenciaram que os enfermeiros estão despertos para a necessidade de promover a manutenção da amamentação após o regresso das mães ao trabalho, sendo que desenvolvem, nesse sentido, várias intervenções, junto das mães, pais, avós e crianças, predominantemente nas consultas de enfermagem. Há contudo, outros locais onde as intervenções de enfermagem deviam chegar, nomeadamente, creches, entidades patronais e sociedade em geral, com vista a reduzir o desmame precoce motivado pelo regresso das mães ao trabalho.

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Ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, os territórios rurais do sul da Europa sofreram à semelhança da generalidade dos territórios do ocidente profundas transformações. No caso de Portugal, a transformação mais notória diz respeito ao processo de desagregação entre o conceito de rural e agricultura, provocando profundas mutações nas dinâmicas sociodemográficas e económicas dos territórios. De uma forma generalizada os territórios rurais ganharam novas atribuições e surgem como espaços de consumo e pós-produtivistas, onde se desenvolvem múltiplas atividades produtivas, relacionadas com um novo modelo ecossocioeconómico, sendo objeto de novas procuras e interesses urbanos. No entanto, e apesar do quadro recessivo, de crescimento do desemprego e da emigração, assistimos nos últimos anos de assistência económica e financeira da Troika, ao ressurgimento da agricultura com investimentos agrícolas, florestais e agroalimentares no âmbito dos programas de desenvolvimento rural, acompanhados de um discurso idílico por parte dos políticos e meios de comunicação de um suposto regresso à terra. O objetivo deste trabalho é aprofundar o conhecimento em torno dos processos territoriais em curso, através da caraterização dos atores da 2.ª ruralidade que protagonizam novas dinâmicas e tendências em alguns territórios rurais de baixa densidade, bem como as ligações e inter-relações entre o urbano e o rural. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em fontes documentais e estatísticas e em inquéritos por questionário aos neo-rurais das Aldeias Históricas de Portugal. A principal fonte de dados resultou da recolha de dados a 27 neo-rurais. Estes questionários para além da definição do perfil dos neo-rurais, também permitiram identificar os motivos de deslocação para o meio rural, as atividades económicas e um conjunto de medidas/iniciativas para minimizar os efeitos da baixa densidade territorial.

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Muitos experimentos tem sido analisados por métodos estatísticos inadequados. O uso não criterioso destes métodos, sem o devido cuidado ou sem considerar outras possibilidades, pode reduzir o valor das discussões, conclusões e o próprio valor da pesquisa. Há uma grande gama de tipos possíveis de abordagem estatística dos dados de pesquisa, cada qual atingindo uma finalidade. Por isso, o procedimento estatístico deve ser escolhido criteriosamente. Se o objetivo de um trabalho e estimar a magnitude de um efeito, então a analise usada deve estimá-la: não basta neste caso, apenas explicar qual dos resultados diferiram significativamente. Não obstante, se o objetivo da pesquisa é determinar um ponto, então a análise deve faze-lo. Neste caso, não e suficiente verificar somente o comportamento dos dados. A escolha de um modelo de regressão e uma ponderação na qual deve ser considerados, a adequação ao fenômeno estudado, o ajuste matemático obtido e a sua aplicabilidade. As propriedades do modelo escolhido devem ser justificáveis, tanto logicamente quanto biologicamente. Portanto, a análise deve ser sensata, lógica e apropriada as questões que procura-se responder.

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BACKGROUND: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was developed to predict short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There are few reports studying the correlation between MELD and long-term posttransplantation survival. AIM: To assess the value of pretransplant MELD in the prediction of posttransplant survival. METHODS: The adult patients (age >18 years) who underwent liver transplantation were examined in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients, through the prospective data base. We excluded acute liver failure, retransplantation and reduced or split-livers. The liver donors were evaluated according to: age, sex, weight, creatinine, bilirubin, sodium, aspartate aminotransferase, personal antecedents, brain death cause, steatosis, expanded criteria donor number and index donor risk. The recipients' data were: sex, age, weight, chronic hepatic disease, Child-Turcotte-Pugh points, pretransplant and initial MELD score, pretransplant creatinine clearance, sodium, cold and warm ischemia times, hospital length of stay, blood requirements, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT >1,000 UI/L = liver dysfunction). The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used for the univariable analyses of posttransplant patient survival. For the multivariable analyses the Cox proportional hazard regression method with the stepwise procedure was used with stratifying sodium and MELD as variables. ROC curve was used to define area under the curve for MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh. RESULTS: A total of 232 patients with 10 years follow up were available. The MELD cutoff was 20 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh cutoff was 11.5. For MELD score > 20, the risk factors for death were: red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. For the patients with hyponatremia the risk factors were: negative delta-MELD score, red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. The regression univariated analyses came up with the following risk factors for death: score MELD > 25, blood requirements, recipient creatinine clearance pretransplant and age donor >50. After stepwise analyses, only red cell requirement was predictive. Patients with MELD score < 25 had a 68.86%, 50,44% and 41,50% chance for 1, 5 and 10-year survival and > 25 were 39.13%, 29.81% and 22.36% respectively. Patients without hyponatremia were 65.16%, 50.28% and 41,98% and with hyponatremia 44.44%, 34.28% and 28.57% respectively. Patients with IDR > 1.7 showed 53.7%, 27.71% and 13.85% and index donor risk <1.7 was 63.62%, 51.4% and 44.08%, respectively. Age donor > 50 years showed 38.4%, 26.21% and 13.1% and age donor <50 years showed 65.58%, 26.21% and 13.1%. Association with delta-MELD score did not show any significant difference. Expanded criteria donors were associated with primary non-function and severe liver dysfunction. Predictive factors for death were blood requirements, hyponatremia, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. CONCLUSION: In conclusion MELD over 25, recipient's hyponatremia, blood requirements, donor's sodium were associated with poor survival.

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Since the last decade, the combined use of chemometrics and molecular spectroscopic techniques has become a new alternative for direct drug determination, without the need of physical separation. Among the new methodologies developed, the application of PARAFAC in the decomposition of spectrofluorimetric data should be highlighted. The first objective of this article is to describe the theoretical basis of PARAFAC. For this purpose, a discussion about the order of chemometric methods used in multivariate calibration and the development of multi-dimensional methods is presented first. The other objective of this article is to divulge for the Brazilian chemical community the potential of the combination PARAFAC/spectrofluorimetry for the determination of drugs in complex biological matrices. For this purpose, two applications aiming at determining, respectively, doxorrubicine and salicylate in human plasma are presented.

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In this work a fast method for the determination of the total sugar levels in samples of raw coffee was developed using the near infrared spectroscopy technique and multivariate regression. The sugar levels were initially obtained using gravimety as the reference method. Later on, the regression models were built from the near infrared spectra of the coffee samples. The original spectra were pre-treated according to the Kubelka-Munk transformation and multiplicative signal correction. The proposed analytical method made possible the direct determination of the total sugar levels in the samples with an error lower by 8% with respect to the conventional methodology.

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In order to determine the energy needed to artificially dry an agricultural product the latent heat of vaporization of moisture in the product, H, must be known. Generally, the expressions for H reported in the literature are of the form H = h(T)f(M), where h(T) is the latent heat of vaporization of free water, and f(M) is a function of the equilibrium moisture content, M, which is a simplification. In this article, a more general expression for the latent heat of vaporization, namely H = g(M,T), is used to determine H for cowpea, always-green variety. For this purpose, a computer program was developed which automatically fits about 500 functions, with one or two independent variables, imbedded in its library to experimental data. The program uses nonlinear regression, and classifies the best functions according to the least reduced chi-squared. A set of executed statistical tests shows that the generalized expression for H used in this work produces better results of H for cowpea than other equations found in literature.

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The objective of this work was to compare the soybean crop mapping in the western of Parana State by MODIS/Terra and TM/Landsat 5 images. Firstly, it was generated a soybean crop mask using six TM images covering the crop season, which was used as a reference. The images were submitted to Parallelepiped and Maximum Likelihood digital classification algorithms, followed by visual inspection. Four MODIS images, covering the vegetative peak, were classified using the Parallelepiped method. The quality assessment of MODIS and TM classification was carried out through an Error Matrix, considering 100 sample points between soybean or not soybean, randomly allocated in each of the eight municipalities within the study area. The results showed that both the Overall Classification (OC) and the Kappa Index (KI) have produced values ranging from 0.55 to 0.80, considered good to very good performances, either in TM or MODIS images. When OC and KI, from both sensors were compared, it wasn't found no statistical difference between them. The soybean mapping, using MODIS, has produced 70% of reliance in terms of users. The main conclusion is that the mapping of soybean by MODIS is feasible, with the advantage to have better temporal resolution than Landsat, and to be available on the internet, free of charge.

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Remote sensing data are each time more available and can be used to monitor the vegetal development of main agricultural crops, such as the Arabic coffee in Brazil, since that the relationship between spectral and agronomical data be well known. Therefore, this work had the main objective to assess the use of Quickbird satellite images to estimate biophysical parameters of coffee crop. Test area was composed by 25 coffee fields located between the cities of Ribeirão Corrente, Franca and Cristais Paulista (SP), Brazil, and the biophysical parameters used were row and between plants spacing, plant height, LAI, canopy diameter, percentage of vegetation cover, roughness and biomass. Spectral data were the reflectance of four bands of QUICKBIRD and values of four vegetations indexes (NDVI, GVI, SAVI and RVI) based on the same satellite. All these data were analyzed using linear and nonlinear regression methods to generate estimation models of biophysical parameters. The use of regression models based on nonlinear equations was more appropriate to estimate parameters such as the LAI and the percentage of biomass, important to indicate the productivity of coffee crop.

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We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among the elderly. The survey analyzed data from 872 elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil, through a cluster sampling, stratified according to education and income. A Poisson multiple regression model checked for the existence of factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among the elderly was 46.9%. Variables associated with hypertension were self-rated health, alcohol consumption, gender, and hospitalization in the last year, regardless of age. The three most common measures taken to control hypertension, but only rarely, are oral medication, routine salt-free diet and physical activity. Lifestyle and socioeconomic status did not affect the practice of control, but knowledge about the importance of physical activity was higher among those older people with higher education and greater income. The research suggests that health policies that focus on primary care to encourage lifestyle changes among the elderly are necessary.