Los festivales de la Revolución Francesa: símbolos y sentimientos en las fiestas revolucionarias, 1789-1799 (Estudios)

El texto que aquí se presenta es una aproximación inicial al tema de los festivales de la Revolución francesa durante la década revolucionaria, entre 1789 y 1799. Se concentra en algunas similitudes y diferencias entre los festivales y las fiestas tradicionales populares del antiguo régimen, y examina el uso de la simbología retórica revolucionaria en las celebraciones de la Revolución. El trabajo argumenta, a su vez, que los festivales revolucionarios, definidos como rituales, no lograron cumplir cabalmente su propósito, esto es, servir de estrategia político-pedagógica efectiva.

Size variation in the grapsid crab Aratus pisonii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) among populations of different subtropical mangroves

Size variation in the adult population of the grapsid crab Aratus pisonii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) was studied by comparing median values obtained from six different populations from nearby mangrove areas. The mangrove structure at those sites was also examined and related to size differences among populations. Disregarding sex, crab size is apparently related to the mangrove structure. Smallest and largest crab sizes were recorded at the sites where tree density and tree diameter were minimum and maximum, respectively. Estimates of size at the onset of maturity, considering the size of the smallest ovigerous female, followed the same trend. These results support the hypothesis that average crab size and size at the onset of maturity can be associated to mangrove productivity.

The reproductive cycle of the male sleep snake Sibynomorphus mikanii (Schlegel, 1837) from southeastern brazil

This study describes the male reproductive cycle of Sibynomorphus mikanii from southeastern Brazil considering macroscopic and microscopic variables. Spermatogenesis occurs during spring-summer (September-December) and spermiogenesis or maturation occurs in summer (December-February). The length and width of the kidney, the tubular diameter, and the epithelium height of the sexual segment of the kidney (SSK) are larger in summer-autumn (December-May). Histochemical reaction of the SSK [periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and bromophenol blue (BB)] shows stronger results during summer-autumn, indicating an increase in the secretory activity of the granules. Testicular regression is observed in autumn and early winter (March-June) when a peak in the width of the ductus deferens occurs. The distal ductus deferens as well as the ampulla ductus deferentis exhibit secretory activities with positive reaction for PAS and BB. These results suggest that this secretion may nourish the spermatozoa while they are being stored in the ductus deferens. The increase in the Leydig cell nuclear diameter in association with SSK hypertrophy and the presence of sperm in the female indicate that the mating season occurs in autumn when testes begin to decrease their activity. The peak activity of Leydig cells and SSK exhibits an associated pattern with the mating season. However, spermatogenesis is dissociated of the copulation characterizing a complex reproductive cycle. At the individual level, S. mikanii males present a continuous cyclical reproductive pattern in the testes and kidneys (SSK), whereas at the populational level the reproductive pattern may be classified as seasonal semisynchronous. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.