1000 resultados para Problemas de comportamento
Resumo:
No Brasil, nos últimos anos, há aumento da prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adultos devido à má alimentação na infância e adolescência. Os hábitos alimentares do indivíduo são adquiridos durante a primeira infância, nessa fase, maus hábitos levam a problemas de saúde futuros, como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, dentre outros. O ideal é manter uma variedade de alimentos à mão e permitir que o apetite de uma criança seja um bom guia da qualidade e quantidade de comida que ela deve ingerir. Todavia, isso somente funciona se os pais ou responsáveis limitarem o acesso das crianças a alimentos não-nutritivos. O ganho excessivo de peso é um dos problemas de saúde mais sérios da infância e da adolescência, crescendo acentuadamente e ocasionando agravantes físicos e psicossociais em uma futura população obesa e doente. A proposta de investigar a população infantil, em idade pré-escolar e escolar mostra a preocupação da realidade da saúde dessas crianças no que diz respeito aos maus hábitos alimentares e a futuros problemas, alertando para prevenção através de uma reeducação alimentar e ausência do sedentarismo, visto que estes dois fatores são fundamentais na contradição a uma vida saudável.
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A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica é uma doença crônica que envolve o aumento da pressão do sangue nas artérias. É uma doença multivariada, imperceptível nos estágios iniciais, na maioria das vezes progressiva e sempre perigosa, por isso, requer diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado. Os fatores etiológicos se encontram principalmente na existência de estilos de vida inadequados na comunidade em geral, e desde que sejam controlados, é possível reduzir o seu impacto. O objetivo deste projeto de intervenção foi a realização de uma estratégia educacional, uscando diminuir hábitos e estilos de vida negativos na comunidade assistida. Esses dados foram utilizados, juntamente com revisão de literatura feita sobre o tema, na construção de uma proposta de intervenção, conforme proposta de Campos, Faria e Santos (2010), identificando e priorizando problemas, construindo propostas para o enfrentamento de tais situações.
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A Equipe de Saúde da Família da Vila Reis em Cataguases /MG, atende uma população aproximada de 3313 pessoas, 1721 feminino e 1592 masculinos, com o seguinte perfil: 2805 são maiores de 15 anos, na faixa etária de 15 a 39 anos com 1359 pacientes com uso e abuso de Sustâncias Psicoativas (SPA) 745 pacientes para um 54,8%. Para reduzir o elevado índice de pacientes com uso e abuso de Sustâncias Psicoativas (SPA), elaborou-se uma proposta de intervenção sobre o processo de trabalho, estimulando o acolhimento e escuta qualificada. O trabalho foi proposto após da realização do análise situacional e pelo levantamento dos principais problemas de saúde em nossa área de abrangência. Por o método de estimativa rápida realizamos atividade de encontro (discussão e entrevistas) junto à equipe de saúde com lideres representativos da comunidade e lideranças formais e informais, comerciantes, lideres religioso e moradores dos Barrios de Vila Reis, Bela Vista e Carijós com participação dos representantes da prefeitura e secretaria de saúde, nos apojamos na observação ativa em visitas realizadas por nosso agentes comunitários e nas visitas domiciliarias, as informações coletadas nos registros da equipe e na consulta médica que proporcionou conhecer as condições de vida da população do território da equipe de Vila Reis, suas características e ambiente onde moram. Após a identificação o equipe fiz a seleção e priorização dos problemas, realizou o desenho das operações, a identificação dos recursos críticos, a análise da viabilidade e o plano operativo do projeto de intervenção. Foram planejadas ações em saúde, utilizando o método de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES).Depois de analisados os dados e priorizados os problemas, temos que o principal problema a trabalhar foi uso, abuso e dependência das Sustâncias Psicoativas (SPA) na população jovem de 15 a 39 anos. Os nós críticos identificados foram: Baixo nível sócio cultural , Pressão social (desemprego e violência), Estrutura dos serviços de saúde, Processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde inadequado para enfrentar o problema. Foram propostas ações de enfrentamento: "Saber mais" e "Linha de cuidado" que propõe aumentar o nível de informação dos jovens na idade estudada e suas famílias incluindo atividades de promoção e prevenção à saúde referente ao tema
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Antimicrobials, among other veterinary drugs, are used worldwide in industry and agriculture to protect animal health and prevent economic loss. In recent years, they have been detected in various environmental compartments, including soil, surface and groundwater and have become a topic of research interest. Emphasizing this class of compounds, this review presents the different pathways which veterinary drugs enter in the environment, in particular contaminate soils. Also are presented regulatory aspects and guidelines, adsorption/desorption and degradation of these compounds in soils and the consequences of its dispersal in the environment.
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The efficiency of swine production performance depends on the herd administration, such as good nutrition, sanitary control, facilities and appropriate environmental conditions. The concept of this production model is directly related with the reduction of selective losses and the process control. Each production segment is controlled to reach the optimization in the system totality, it is necessary to apply animals handling concepts, environmental control implementation, diseases control, nutrition control, information concerning in guaranteeing the animal welfare and individual identification. The present work presents as objective the development of the mathematical model to evaluate interactions among the internal atmosphere of the installation and the thermal animals preference, in the expectation of detecting a relationship among the frequency access to the drinking fountain and the atmosphere conditions - temperature, black globe temperature and relative humidity, using as tool the electronic identification. The results obtained by the mathematical model, allowed to conclude accurately the evaluation of the swine thermal preference correlating with the climatic variables in the pregnancy stage.
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The rice husk and its ash are abundant and renewable and can be used to obtain alternative building materials. An increase in the consumption of such waste could help minimize the environmental problems from their improper disposal. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ashes as a cargo mineral (filler). However, the rice husk chemically interferes in the conduct of the based cement mixtures. Thus, different mixes cement-rice husk with and without the addition of ash were evaluated in order to highlight the influence of its components (husk; ash), which could otherwise be excluded or be underestimated. Cylindrical samples (test of simple compression and traction by diametrical compression) and samples extracted from manufactured pressed board (test of bending and parallel compression to the surface), were used to evaluate the behavior of different mixtures of components (rice hush; RHA - rice husk ahs). The results of the mechanical tests showed, in general, there is not a statistical difference between the mixtures, which are associated with the chemical suppressive effect of the rice husk ash. The mixture of rice husk of 10 mm, with an addition of 35% of the rice husk ash, is notable for allowing the highest consumption of rice husk and rice husk ash, to reduce 25% the consumption of cement and to allow the storage (without emissions to the atmosphere), around 1.9 ton of CO2 per ton of cement consumed, thus contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions, which can stimulate rural constructions under an ecological point of view.
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Behavioral adaptiveness to different situations as well as behavioral individuality result from the interrelations between environmental sitmuli and the responses of an organism.These kind of interrelationships also shape the neural circuits as well as characterize the plasticity and the neural individuality of the organism. Studies on neural plasticity may analyze changes in neural circuitry after environmental manipulations or changes in behavior after lesions in the nervous system. Issues on neural plasticity and recovery of function refer both to physiology and behavior as well as to the subjacent mechanisms related to morphology, biochemistry and genetics. They may be approached at the systemic, behavioral, cellular and molecular levels. This work intends to characterize these kinds of studies pointing to their relations with the analyis of behavior and learning.The analysis of how the environmental-organismic interrelationships affect the neural substrates of behavior is pointed as a very stimulating area for investigation.
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This research intended to investigate the use of diazepam in conjunction with behavioral strategies to manage uncooperative behavior of child dental patients. The 6 participants received dental treatment during 9 sessions. Using a double-blind design, children received placebo or diazepam and at the same time were submitted to behavior management produces (distraction, explanation, reinforcement and set rule and limits). All sessions were recorded in video-tapes biped in 15 seconds intervals, in which observers recorded child's (crying, body and/or head movements, escape and avoidance) and dentist's behavior. The results indicated that diazepam, considering the used dose, was only effective with one subject. The other participants didn't permit the treatment and showed an increase in their resistance. The behavioral preparation strategies for dental treatment should have been more precisely planned in order to help the child to face the real dental treatment conditions mainly in the first sessions avoiding to reinforce inappropriate behaviors.
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The present investigation evaluated the effects of diazepam used to manage uncooperative behavior of child dental patients. Six participants received placebo or diazepam (0,3 mg/kg weight) before formal dental treatment at total 54 sessions that were all recorded in videotapes. The analysis of recorded child (crying, body and/or head movements, escape and avoidance) and dentist's behavior management procedures (distraction, explanation, positive reinforcement) indicates no differences by using a double-blind Wilcoxon design (p>0.05). It is suggested the necessity of methodological refinement in studies that combine psychological and pharmacological handling strategies.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND: Changes in heart rate during rest-exercise transition can be characterized by the application of mathematical calculations, such as deltas 0-10 and 0-30 seconds to infer on the parasympathetic nervous system and linear regression and delta applied to data range from 60 to 240 seconds to infer on the sympathetic nervous system. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that young and middle-aged subjects have different heart rate responses in exercise of moderate and intense intensity, with different mathematical calculations. METHODS: Seven middle-aged men and ten young men apparently healthy were subject to constant load tests (intense and moderate) in cycle ergometer. The heart rate data were submitted to analysis of deltas (0-10, 0-30 and 60-240 seconds) and simple linear regression (60-240 seconds). The parameters obtained from simple linear regression analysis were: intercept and slope angle. We used the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the distribution of data and the t test for unpaired comparisons between groups. The level of statistical significance was 5%. RESULTS: The value of the intercept and delta 0-10 seconds was lower in middle age in two loads tested and the inclination angle was lower in moderate exercise in middle age. CONCLUSION: The young subjects present greater magnitude of vagal withdrawal in the initial stage of the HR response during constant load exercise and higher speed of adjustment of sympathetic response in moderate exercise.
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OBJECTIVE: To characterize the behavior of premature newborns in the first year of chronological age. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, bound to a longitudinal study titled: Comparison of visual behavior on the first quarter of year of life of premature nursling born at two maternities of Recife/PE. The sample was composed by 52 premature newborns selected from June, 2007 to June, 2008 from the Maternity of the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). Biological, socioeconomic and demographic data was collected through medical records and interviews with progeny. Newborns were evaluated by the Assessment Guide of Visual Ability in Infants. RESULTS: Most of the newborns were male at a gestational period between 33 weeks and 36 weeks and 6 days, showed a good visual behavior development for the age researched, and most of the families showed good socioeconomical and demographic profile. Besides, it was possible to detect ocular signs in 19% of sample, that were referred to an Ophthalmology Service. CONCLUSION: This study results point out the method like an important key in the early detection and visual screening for premature nursling since the first month of life and it led us to believe that clinical view for occupational therapy intervention must be focused not only on biological risks but also at the influence environment in newborn performance.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física